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Linguistics
Vodyasova L.P. - The semantic features and functional load in the novel by A.M. Doronin “The Shadow of the bells” pp. 1-13

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2015.2.15955

Abstract: The subject of analysis are in the article the comparison related to the type of semantic change based on analogy and assimilation. The object of study is their semantic features and functional load in the novel famous Mordvin writer A. M. Doronin «The shadow of the bells». This artistic-Visual tool attaches to the product of stylistic diversity, expressing in shaped the essence of the subject. System comparisons and how to apply them to reflect the perception of the author, characterizing his idiostil′, aesthetic principles and moral and philosophical beliefs. The main method of research is descriptive, based on comparisons of observations as imagined-expressive means language, their description and classification. On the basis of the carried out research work, the author concludes that in the present work identifies two group comparisons-1) with explicit and 2) implicit bases. The Comparison of the first type include direct name of a characteristic that is common to map events. The second type is a form of comparison with partial and full implicit Foundation, with the first contain the names of those aspects of the subject that are common signs with relevant aspects of reference, the composition of the second such names are not included. Both types perform kompressive and associative function in the novel, bringing dynamic, emotional and expressiveness into the fabric of artistic text.
Makhina L.A. - Negative Judgemental Expressions as Structure Elements and the Meaning of Conflictogenic Texts pp. 1-10

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2016.4.20464

Abstract: The subject of the research is the expressive means of pejorative evaluation and particularities of using these means in conflictogenic German texts. Conflictogenic texts are practically not studied by linguistics as a particular kind of texts that constitute the field of agonal communication. Meanwhile, particular features of such texts include their ability to maintain and escalate the conflict through persuasive influence on recipients for the purpose of changing their communicative pragmatic attitude to the third parties or changing the matter of conversation to the alient one. Such change of the attitude to the 'alien' matter is made, among other things, by creating particular contrast images for the 'ours' and 'aliens' categories. The contrast between 'ours' and 'aliens' is created through polar evaluations of the aforesaid groups: meliorative and pejorative. In her research Makhina anayzes the negative evaluation of the 'aliens' group. The given linguistic analysis is based on lexico-semantic and contextual methods of analysis using the basic German dictionaries. Due the constant growth of tension in socio-political relations, modern linguistics focuses on studying language and speech phenomena that are functionally related t conflict communication situations and confict as a source and consequence of the opposition between participants of speech communication. A lot of researches conducted by Russian and foreign experts are devoted to the linguistic research of conflict situations in the process of communication. These researches are usually devoted to various aspects of the agonal communication, i.e. communication that is based no non-cooperative or dissonance speech actions of communicators. Despite a great number of researches on the matter, none of these researches cast enough light on the origin and structure of conflictogenic texts that are still the object of researches on forensic linguistics. The results of the given research allow to define conflictogenic texts from the point of view of linguistics and describe their main structural and semantic elements. 
Bykova L., Koptyakova E. - Functioning of a Precedent Name 'Munchausen' in Today's Russian Printed Media pp. 1-9

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2017.2.22523

Abstract: The object of the research is a precedent name 'Munchausen'. The authors of the article analyze particularities of that precedent name in today's Russian press. Printed media cannot so fastly respond to the events going on in the world compared to TV, radio or Internet. For this reason, in recent years the main function of press media has been the influence function. The authors pay special attention to what precedent situations related to the name 'Munchausen' have been actualised in Russian press media and what impact it was supposed to made on readers. When selecting material for research, the authors have used the random sampling  method. In the course of processing the obtained corpus of examples, the authors have also conducted a cognitive discourse analysis of precedent phenomena as well as their comparison and classification. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors have appealed to studying a particular precedent phenomenon associated with the German culture and how this phenomenon is shown in Russian press media. As a result of the research, the authors demonstrate that the precedent name 'Munchausen' actualises such representations as 'lier' and 'dreamer' while for precedent situations a formal actualisation is more typical. 
Shchepalina V. - Particularities of the Author's Speech Functioning in Alejandro Casona's Drama pp. 1-9

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.25687

Abstract: The subject of the research is the functioning of the author's speech in plays of a Spanish playwright Alejandro Casona. The author of the article examines the mechanism of reinforcing imagery and suggestiveness of a play by using expressive potential of the author's speech. Among other particularities of Casona's dramatic style, the author of the article underlines poetic equivalence of a stage dialogue and author's speech, functional and linguostylistic variety of remarks, their impressive nature and dialogue with an interpreter. In her article Schepalina provides a wide illustrative material that allows to prove the theoretical concepts of the research. The author has also applied methods of context, component, discursive and stylistic analysis, observation, generalisation and description. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that Alejandro Casona's plays are understudied in Russia. The author of the article makes a contribution to the concept of the Spanish theatre and genre features of plays. The author's analysis of Casona's comedies allows to conclude that the author's speech does not only place the action in a micro- and macro-situational context but also serves as a poetic sign.       
Sychugova L.A., Evlasev A.P. - Verbal Means of Representing Personal Emotional States (the Case Study of the Movies in English) pp. 1-10

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28271

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of verbal means used to represent personal emotional states. The research is based on the analysis of movies in English. Despite the fact that there has been a great number of researches on the linguistic reflection of emotions, linguists admit that the main issues of the theory of lexical affectability. The article includes the analysis of the main functions of linguistic means used to convey positive and negative emotions in the process of communication. The basis of the research involves the classification of emotions offered by K. Izard. The research has been made as part of the discursive paradigm. The author has applied the methods and techniques of the linguitic analysis of actual material such as the continuous sampling method, component analysis and content analysis of lexical units. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author performs a discursive analysis of emotional states of personality in the English linguistic culture. The analysis results demonstrate that positive emotions such as interest, joy and surprise are usually expressed through exclamations, interjections, explematory sentences that have the 'I' pronoun, elliptical sentences and appelative words as their parts. Negative emotions such as anger, sadness, disdain, fear, shame or guilt are most frequently expressed by emotionally coloured words, 'God' exclamation, elliptical sentences and intonation. 
Kireeva E.V. - To the question of syntax types of fictional prose (on the materials of the trilogy by F. Sologub “The Created Legend”) pp. 1-8

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.30260

Abstract: This article explores two types of fictional prose, highlighted by N.D. Arutyunova – “classical” (hierarchical) and “actualizing” (poetic) in comparison with the alternative points of view on this dichotomy. Analysis of the fragment from the F. Sologub’s trilogy “The Created Legend” – an example of symbolist and “untraditional” prose, as well as “unrhymed poetry”, where two types of narrative are combined, allows for clearer examination of the transition  between hierarchical and poetic prose, as well as answer the question of whether or not these characteristics represent the constant stylistic trait of the author (as hypothesized by N.D. Arutyunova) or a part of his writing strategies (according to E.V. Paducheva). It is determined that the transition from syntagmatic towards paradigm prose is related to switch from author’s modus to the modus of the character, as well as with the change of the type of the narrator from author-narrator to free indirect discourse highlighted by E.V. Paducheva. Analysis of the fragment from “The Created Legend” demonstrates that the author equally commands two types of prose and uses them according to his plan.
Spalek O.N. - Linguocultural image of cities in Polish phraseologisms with the elements-astionyms, urbanonyms and ethnonyms pp. 1-11

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.6.31125

Abstract: The subject of this research is the linguocultural image of cities in Polish phraseology. The phraseological units of Polish language containing astionyms, urbanonyms and ethnonyms served as the material for this study. Special attention is given to determination of the constitutive components of the image of cities in phraseology. The author analyzes the reflected in phraseological units stereotypic representations on the large and small Polish and foreign cities; underlines peculiarities of their historical, political, economic and cultural development. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the comprehensive analysis of verbalization of the image of cities in Polish toponymic and ethnonymic phraseology. The methods of synchronic description, semantic and linguoculturological analysis were applied in the course of this research. The author was able to establish the complexity of such image, as well as revealed the recorded in phraseology representations of the political, administrative, economic, cultural, architectural, geographical and demographic aspects of the cities.
Beletskaya A.Y., Mangushev S.V. - Language means of representation of the chronotope of Chaos in a series of novels “The Chronicles of Amber” by Roger Zelazny pp. 1-11

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.32454

Abstract: This article examines the problem of representation of chronotope using language means. The object of this research is a series of novels “The Chronicles of Amber” by Roger Zelazny in English language. The subject of this research is the lexical units and stylistic techniques used by R. Zelazny for visualization of representation of the chronotope of Chaos. The article substantiates attribution of this series of novels to postmodernist based on the analysis of characteristic features of the text and realization of the ideological concept. The goal of study lies determination of the universal principles of representation of spatial-temporal continuum of the Chaos, as well as establishment of dependence of the choice evaluative connotation of language means on personality of the narrator. The work is conducted at the intersection of linguistics and literary studies. The novelty consists in recognition of the leading role of chronotopic subject in determining tonality of representation of the chronotope. The main conclusion is defined by the fact that the key principle of representation of spatial and temporal components of the chronotope of Chaos in R. Zelazny’s series of novels is the destruction of realistic perception of space and time. It was also established that change of voice of the narrator leads to the shift of evaluative paradigm. An extremely negative attitude of the first narrator to the Courts of Chaos as a representative of the chronotope of Chaos, expressed through the negatively connoted epithets, is justified by its affiliation to Amber as a representative of the Order. Dual position of the second narrator leads to the change in tonality of description of physical personification of the chronotope of Chaos. Counterbalance of negatively and positively connoted lexical units creates the effect of objectivity, essential for realization of ideological content of the novel.
Khavronich A.A. - To the question on methodology of stylistic stratification in analysis of the Early Modern English dramatic oeuvre (on the example of John Skelton’s play “Magnificence”) pp. 1-13

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.5.32833

Abstract: The subject of this research is the methods of differentiation of neutral units and elements of inherent connotation of stylistic plan, which can be applied in stylistic analysis of literary texts of the Early Modern English period. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of general linguistic processes relevant for the early XVI century, as well as sociolinguistic conditionality of establishment of a literary canon. The author examines the specificity of perception of aureate style and unpoetic style as a system of deviations from the forming norm. The article determines the fundamental criteria of identification of stylistically marked units, as well as category of linguistic units revenant for the stylistic analysis, certain common attributes indicating a potential markedness of the word. The work demonstrates an integration algorithm of the data of diachronic corpora at the semantic and metasemiotic stages of the three-level stylistic analysis of a literary text of the Early Modern English period. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt to develop an algorithm that allows verifying or clarifying the stylistic status of linguistic elements in retrospective by applying to interpretation of lexical units of a play of the Early Modern English period the data of corpus-based linguistics and pragmatics. The author refers to the relevant treatises of the XVI century dedicated to the problem of style and corresponding research, systematizing the data for specification of criteria for stylistic stratification.
Vorontsova G. - The transformation of folklore tripling method in translation of Chinese tales about animals pp. 1-10

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.32954

Abstract: The goal of this research is the description of transformation in translation of tripling in a Chinese tale about animals. The subject of this research is structure of the tale “Tiger and Buffalo” in the original and in translation, as well as implementation of the principle of triples in translating this folk art. The tale “Tiger and Buffalo” was selected as an example, since it most fully reflects the functioning mechanism of tripling method of an action, although such mechanisms of transformation of text structure in translation into the Russian language are also present in others Chinese tales about animals. It is demonstrated how the classical folklore tripling method of an action functions in a Chinese tale, and which modifications experiences the structure of a tale in translation into the Russian language. A metaphrastic triple repeat in a Chinese tale in translation into Russian transforms into three different forms of expression. In translation, it does not retain its syntactic parallelism from the Chinese original, and expressions change its structure. The author establishes that the main fabric of narration in the tale “Tiger and Buffalo” is comprised by three key semantic groups of tripling of action; and two brief mirror dialogues are located in between them. The last line of each third level of tripling action contains the transformation of pattern established in the process of reiteration; this results in a significant narrative arc  and change of the formed pattern reflected lexically and syntactically. The scientific novelty consists in discussion of the question on transformation experienced by tripling in translation into a language with other typology. The translator’s need for active use of the means of synonymy instead of tripled metaphrastic reiteration presented in the original text, as well as the need for transformation of textual structure of a Chinese tale into the Russian language, emerge due to diverse way of thinking of a Russian contemporary translator and creators of a folk tale who lived in a different historical era. The conclusion is made on a prevalent influence of aesthetic ideal of a separate language and culture upon textual structure of a folk tale.
Sychugova L.A., Evlasev A.P. - Linguistic peculiarities of functionality of authorial commentaries in the English literary text (based on the English-language novel “Sister Carrie” by Theodore Dreiser) pp. 1-9

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34369

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of verbal means of expression of authorial commentaries in English fiction. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by the fact that the question of characteristics of authorial commentaries remain an insufficiently studied area within the framework of interpretation of a literary work. Such linguists as R. Posner in the “Theory of Commentaries”, I. V. Arnold in the “Stylistics of Decoding”, and N. D. Arutyunova in her work “On the Problems of Structural Linguistics” have been dealing the topic at hand. Examination of the authorial commentaries allows assessing the depth and wholeness of the literary work. The article presents the analysis of linguistic means of functionality of authorial commentaries in the English-language novel “Sister Carrie” by Theodore Dreiser. Authorial commentaries manifest as one of the means for explication of dialogical nature of the literary text. Linguistic means emphasize the expressiveness of authorial commentaries within the framework of progression of a storyline. Most of the authorial commentaries in T. Dreiser's novel “Sister Carry” represent the contrasting contexts, reflected in the development of two thematic lines. To the first theme includes the associative series: beast – nature – the forces of life. The second semantic layer is demonstrated in the line: human – man – free will. Contrasting contexts originate the oppositions not only on the level of meaningful-logical information, but also on the level of subtext.
Baldanova E.A., Dondokova N.B. - Language education: communicative tolerance as a component of communicative competence pp. 1-8

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35672

Abstract: The subject of the study is language education as teaching a foreign language; the object of the study are the concepts of "competence" and "competence". The authors consider the views of foreign and domestic scientists and researchers on the content of the categories "competence" and "competence" and give their comparative analysis. Special attention is paid to the components of key competencies, namely communicative competence. Such aspects as "communicative competence" and "communicative tolerance" are analyzed. Communicative competence includes not only knowledge of languages, but also knowledge of various social roles in the team and the ability to communicate. The role of the discipline "Foreign languages" in the formation of communicative competence and communicative tolerance of students is emphasized.   The main conclusion of the study is that communicative tolerance is a component of communicative competence. It is necessary to purposefully educate students' communicative competence, as students' communicative readiness for tolerant communication with interaction partners. When teaching students a foreign language, a communicative competence is formed, aimed at mastering the ability of students to tolerant communication. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that communicative competence includes not only knowledge of languages, but also possession of various social roles in the team and the ability to communicate tolerantly. The proposed analysis will be of interest to specialists in the field of scientific research of the nature of the categories "competence" and "competence".
Kruglov V., Uryvskaya T., Rusak D. - Cross-lexicographic analysis of the concepts of sociopolitical discourse of the Chinese language pp. 1-20

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.36254

Abstract: The object of this research is the concepts of sociopolitical discourse of the Chinese language, selected by the continuous sampling method. The subject of this research is the cross-lexicographic coefficient, which is derived mathematically within the framework of the cross-lexicographic analysis of these concepts. The goal is set to determine the diachronic changes in the meanings of lexemes of sociopolitical discourse via cross-lexicographic analysis based on dictionary materials compiled by the prominent Russian and foreign sinologists over the period from 1888 to 2002. Attention is drawn to such theoretical concepts as semantics, pragmatics and discourse. Description is given to the key characteristics of sociopolitical discourse, as well as the methodology of formation of the corresponding conceptual apparatus. The research leans on the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. The scientific novelty lies in the development of innovative methods of statistical analysis of the conceptual apparatus of sociopolitical discourse of the modern Chinese language. Among the acquired results, the author notes the transformation of meanings of the selected lexemes through the analysis of metalanguage of the dictionaries. The uniqueness of this article consists in the analysis of the vast range of the previously unpublished archival lexicographic sources of the Chinese language. The author also reveals the dynamics of changes in the selected lexical means by means of the derived cross-lexicographic coefficient, as well as determines the key vectors of their discursive transformations and evolution of linguopragmatic functions.
Zinov'eva I.V. - Rein Müllerson in the international law: retrospectives and prospects pp. 1-10

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36353

Abstract: This article is dedicated to reconsideration of the ideas of the prominent Soviet, Russian, Estonian and international legal expert Rein Müllerson, which he introduced to the theory and practice of international law. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the contribution made by Professor Rein Müllerson to the Soviet system, as well as the contribution he continues to make to the modern domestic, foreign, and universal doctrine of international law. In 201, the author of multiple articles and monographs that are published in different languages and countries, Professor Rein Müllerson released his summarizing work – the autobiography “Living In Interesting Times: Curse or Chance?”, which in reality is not an autobiography. This monograph, which determines the topic of this research, is dedicated to the most relevant issues of international law and international relations, which underlie the scientific reflections in the latest published work of Professor Müllerson. The goal of this article lies in the analysis of manifestation of subjective realism and new philosophy of modern international law declared in the 2021 monograph. Using such instruments of the modern researcher of international relations as liberalism and democratization, globalization and regionalization, correlating the theory built in the Soviet scientific paradigm with the practice tested in the UN structures, he brought the international law to a higher level of comprehension, as a complex system of regulators of multinational behavior. The neutral and non-politicized views of Professor Müllerso answers on the majority of modern international problems, along with his vast experience in practical implementation of legal norms, should be duly appreciated by present and future generations of researchers interested in building a new world – free from warfare and confrontations.
Fomicheva A.A. - Stability parameter as the aspect of studying the evolution of lexical synonymy in the language of the Middle High German epic (on the example of denominations of weapon) pp. 1-15

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.2.37466

Abstract: Based on the example of synonymic chains as part of the lexical-thematic group of denominations of weapon in the Middle High German epic, this article demonstrates the use of the stability parameter of lexical synonyms for studying the evolutionary processes in language lexicon. Correlation between the stability parameter and the sphere of historical lexicology is drawn based on the concepts of lexical, nominative and semantic stability of the word offer by I. A. Ershova. The concept of word stability implies the presence of at least two chronological periods for comparison, which includes the stability parameter into the paradigm of methods for studying the evolution of language lexicon. This research highlights two stages in the history of German literature of the High Middle Ages: pre-courtly epic and courtly romance. Examination of the stability of lexical synonyms in the language of the Middle High German epic reveals the functionality and restrictions of this method of studying the evolution of lexicon. Reduction of the absolute values of stability parameter of the separate elements of synonymic chain to the parameter of relative stability of the entire row provides a systemic description of the evolution of lexical synonymy in the Middle High German language. Comparison of the three types of stability for different synonymic chains with transformations within their structure alongside the synonyms leads to the conclusion on the role of stability parameter in studying the evolutionary processes in lexicon as a manifestation of their presence or absence, as well as a means for determining the development vector of language vocabulary. The restrictions of this method are associated with the need to prove or expand the data on evolution of lexicon using cultural-historical and stylistic analysis.
Jiang S. - Analysis of Differences between Russian and Chinese Speech Etiquette in a Business Banquet pp. 1-6

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.38815

EDN: BLWZIC

Abstract: The object of the study is the Russian and Chinese speech etiquette at the table. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as differences in seating arrangements, use of dinner set and meal system between China and Russia at business banquets, and also lists the relevant rules of etiquette and at the same time indicates the specific reasons for the differences. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for these differences by comparing the seating arrangements, use of dinner set and meal system at business banquets between Russia and China, and practical recommendations are given for future business banquets between Russia and China. The special conclusions of the study are religious ideology, geography, history and culture have a very important influence on table manners in Russia and China. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is the analysis and comparison of speech etiquette at the table in business communication between Russians and Chinese, which helps the staff of both countries to better understand each other in economic and trade cooperation. The novelty of this article lies in pointing out not only the differences between Russian and Chinese business banquets, but also the factors influencing these differences.
Stefanchikov I.V. - Words and Collocations Containing roots -gr(i)eg- (-gring-, -grec-, etc.), -helen-, -bizant- in Modern Spanish pp. 1-15

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39012

EDN: FESUEU

Abstract: The article addresses the subject of the semantics of Spanish words and collocations containing the roots -gr(i)eg- (-grec-, -gring-, etc.), -helen-, -bizant-, associated with Greece and with the Greek culture. The author analyzes the semantics and etymology of the words and expressions the way they are represented in the two most reputable explanatory dictionaries, Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE) and Diccionario de americanismos. In some cases, the usage of the selected units is described with reference to corpus data (Modern Spanish corpora — CREA and CORPES XXI). The study has revealed the presence of a significant proportion of “learned borrowings” (“cultismos”), which is explained by the importance of Ancient Greek and Byzantine culture for European civilization in general and for Spain in particular. It is stated that the semantic evolution of some vocabulary units was influenced by stereotypical ideas about Greece and the Greeks. In addition, the analysis of Diccionario de americanismos has shown some peculiarities of the usage of the words and expressions under analysis in Latin American Spanish (e. g. the more frequent use of “gringo” and its derivatives).
Shagbanova K.S. - Semantic structure of the concept "patriotism" through the prism of linguocognitivistics pp. 1-9

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40613

EDN: UVSPIK

Abstract: The verbalization of the concept of "patriotism" is a fairly common phenomenon in the sociolinguistic space. In this regard, there is no doubt that the meaningful behavior of the structure of the sema patriotism and its derivatives is a subject of scientific interest. Being international in use, the lexeme representing the presented concept has semantic correlates in regions with different forms of government (for example, allegiance), historical and spiritual baggage. The author notes that the seme patriotism is predisposed to the explicative formation of a whole spectrum of meanings capable of accommodating lexemes within a specific context in the content space, both direct, primary meaning and secondary, projective meanings fixed in communicative practice. The author states that the semantic structure of the presented concept is characterized by a connotatively positive use, transmitting to the addressee not only a system of values, but also characterizing a class of people (patriots). The article states that the associative space of the presented unit of language and its derivatives is anthropocentric, and the implicitly present structural elements find expression in implicates that make the realization of the nuclear meaning in one of its many variants unique. The research is based on the methodological foundations and principles of the analysis of language as a mirror of national culture, developed in modern cognitive linguistics.
An D. - Means of Expressing Modality in the Russian and Korean Languages pp. 8-16

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30340

Abstract: The subject of the research is the comparison of the means of expressing modality in the Russian and Korean languages. Act of human communication includes not only the fact of information exchange but also expression of evaluation or attitude towards the fact. Thus, modality is a universal concept of languages, however, different languages have very different means of modality expression and it is difficult to find equivalent modality in the other language. This research is devoted to the means of modality expression in the Korean and Russian languages and their semantic characteristics from the point of view of synchrony and diachrony. As particular examples, the researcher has used extracts from Michail Bulgakov's novel 'Master and Margarita' in Russian and Korean. As a result, the researcher discovers that Russian and Korean use different and at the same time similar means of modality and grammar expression. As for intonation, Korean sentence always have the emphasized word at the end of it. 
Vodyasova L.P. - Metaphorical Modeling of the Concept of Religion in Alexander Doronin's Novel “The Shadow of the Bells” pp. 9-20

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2015.4.18227

Abstract: The subject of analysis is the concept of religion which represents the problem of man's self-consciousness and his place in society. This is one of the most important concepts in the linguistic world-view of almost any nation because, in spite of the general level of religiosity, people practice different kinds of confessions. It is also one of the most complex concepts due to its contradictory nature and theological orientation because not only representatives of different linguistic communities, but also bearers of the same culture who follow different confessions, for example, may have different attributes of the aforesaid concept. Due to the enormous differential field of the concept, the article considers the representation of the concept “religion” basing on the novel by A.M. Doronin “The Shadow of the bells”. Research objectives: 1) to define of lexical units Corps-religionims, used by the author for the category of sacred objects, and classify them by thematic groups; 2) to selected of among lexical units to identify those with metaphoric values; 3) to installe of contexts, that reveal the nature of metaphorical concept. As a method of research was defined based on the descriptive observation of religionims and their functioning in certain contexts. Based on our investigation we concluded that, A.M. Doronin embodies the Orthodox world-view. The basic concept is getting the concept of "religion", which feature is its metaphorical notion that finds its linguistic confirmation text works. A characteristic feature of the language of the work is the presence of a large number of religionyms associated with the people’s life (rituals, prayer, fasting, religious holidays). Among the most significant substantive components of concept 10 contexts. They contain emotional, aesthetic and artistic elements, are a testament to the metaphorical concept, its contents can be stated as an objective individual and collective spiritual relationship of God and man, based on faith in God and man worship him. 
Merzlyakova K. - Particularities of Modality Realization in Spanish Gender Media Discourse (the Case Study of Cosmopolitan and Telva Magazines) pp. 10-16

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.1.25269

Abstract: The subject of this research is functional and semantic particularities of expression modality in Spanish glamour magazines. The author of the article pays special attention to theoretical aspects of modality studies and various approaches to the matter because despite the growing interest in it, modality still remains one of the most multi-sided and contradictory phenomena in linguistics. The aim of this research is to define relationship between persuasion and illocutive modality in a media text. The author also analyzes the influence of utterances produced by a media discourse on gender construction. In her article Merzlyakova also presents results of popular Spanish glamour magazines analysis (Cosmopolitan and Telva) selected by using continuous sampling method. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that Merzlyakova views the persuasion function in addition to illocutive force of a produced utterance as especially important functional characteristics of media texts that can be used to analyse the position of an addressant in a media discourse and his or her relationship with the audience. Analysis of the implicit manifestation of an addressant's opinion makes it clear how media manipulates values, assessments and opinions of recipients. 
Vodyasova L.P. - The Functions of Metalexemes in the Literary Text (Based on the Works of Mordovian Writers) pp. 11-19

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2016.2.18957

Abstract: The subject of analysis in the article is the metalexeme as the class of words with the highest level of generalization. Research objectives include: 1) to define the class of metalexemes; 2) to describe the main features thereof; 3) to determine the functions that they perform in the literary text. According to the author, metalexemes have the following features: broad conceptual basis allowing to relate it to a wider class of denotations; absence of a definite denotative meaning and high level of abstraction generalized in the language system; indirect nominaton and, consequently, sinsemantia. The descriptive research method was used based on observations of metalexemes and their functioning in the literary texts written by Mordovian writers in Erzya. Based on the research results the author concluded that the marked words are often used by writers for shorter names of a detailed written fact, phenomenon, or a whole episode for its generalization, summarization and qualification . These words generally reflect the author's evaluation of the reported and repeat the previous part of the text or any of its component at a higher level of abstraction (anaphoric replacement) and can also be used in the exposition, thus organizing all further description or narration (cataphoric replacement).
Suvorova N.N. - The Morphological Content of Advertising Slogans in the Field of Education pp. 11-16

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2016.4.21424

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of text ad from the point of view of morphology of the Russian language. The author addresses to this subject because it allows to consider an extensive language material, is interseting from the point of view of the Russian language and the lack of research in this area. This author of the article describes content words, peculiarities of their use and frequency of use in advertising slogans representing educational services. The object of the research is content words in advertising slogans representing the sphere of education. The purpose of the research is to describe peculiarities and to analyze how frequent content words are used in advertising slogans of education. The practical basis of the research involves advertising slogans in the sphere of education. To achieve the goals, the author has used data processing data including mathematical and statistical methods. During the analysis of advertising material of the education sector the author has revealed that such parts of speech as nouns, adjectives and verbs are more common than others. Nouns perform their basic function (naming) and come first. Verbs bring dynamics into an advertising slogan, attracts and holds attention of a consumer while adjectives decorate an advertising message or clarify a service. They are used mostly with the same frequency. Other parts of speech such as numerals, pronouns and adverbs, are met less frequently but perform very important functions, too, in particular, they make a reference to the item being advertised, clarify a service or present an advertising feature.  
Ivanova S.V. - Stylistic Use of Verbal Predicate Tenses in the Yakut Language pp. 11-19

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28694

Abstract: The subject of the research is the stylistic peculiarities of verbal predicate tenses in the Yakut language. Today it is an important task to study stylistics issues in order to develop and codify stylistic standards of modern Yakut and achieve application targets under the current conditions. Considering that the syntax of the Yakut language has a remarkably rich and varied set of stylistic tools, the analysis of verbal predicate tenses allows to reveal the main stylistic possibilities of a sentence. Based on the vast actual material, the author of the article describes stylistic features and expressive possibilities of verbal predicate. As a result of the analysis, the author provides a lexical semantic and grammatical semantic description of verbal predicate tenses specific for the conversational, creative writing and journalistic styles. Moreover, the author also defines quantitative indicators of verbal predicates in the conversational, literary and journalistic speech. Semantic stylistic and stylistic analysis involves verbal predicates in the tenses usually used by Yakuts in their conversational, literary and journalistic speech. Rich synonymy of verbal predicate tenses demonstrates a high level of the development and great possibilities of the Yakut syntax. The author underlines that it is important for the Yakuts to apply verbal tenses of different stylistic and expressive meaning in order to preserve or restore the tradition of their native language and to enrich the vocabulary of the younger generation. 
Khavronich A.A. - Archaisms in the Early New English play by D. Lindsay "The Satire of the Three Estates": the problem of identification and stylistic evaluation pp. 11-19

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33435

Abstract: The subject of the research is the method of identification and the problem of stylistic interpretation of archaic vocabulary in literary texts of the early New England period and specifically in the play by D. Lindsay "Satire of the Three Estates". The article discusses the potential of using the data of the diachronic corpus and corpus dictionaries to detect archaic elements in the works of art of the XVI century. Based on the comments of authoritative philologists of the Early New England period and modern research, the trends of the actual perception of the introduction of archaisms into the literary text by the authors of this time are considered. The article proposes an algorithm for identifying obsolete units in artistic material created in Scottish (taking into account the archaic nature of this dialect), based on a comparison of approximate indicators of the frequency of reproduction of an element in the Early New English and Scottish sections of the Helsinki Corpus, as well as data from corpus dictionaries of Middle English and Scottish. For the stylistic evaluation of archaisms in Lindsay's play, the method of linguistic-stylistic analysis is used, in which the linguistic element is considered from the point of view of contextual conditions. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that in order to solve the problem of analyzing archaisms in the text of the Early New English period, an algorithm is being developed to clarify whether the unit was obsolete at a particular moment in the development of English. It was found that the predominant proportion of words in Lindsay's play was not archaic within the Scottish dialect and only a few of the units involved were already obsolete at the time of the creation of the text in standard Early English. The archaisms found in the play function in fragments of high style, which allows us to state that Lindsay belonged to the authors for whom archaisms were part of the sublime vocabulary. The practical value of the work is determined by the ability to apply the proposed algorithm for detecting archaisms for the stylistic analysis of any Early New English literary text, as well as to carry out a stylistic assessment of archaisms from the point of view of the identified trends in their perception by the authors of the XVI century.
Poursanati S., Ghodrati A. - Russian Formalism in Practice: A Narratological Reading of Joseph Conrad's Youth pp. 11-26

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.37775

EDN: EHLTRN

Abstract: Conrad's shorter works of fiction are mostly ignored in the formalistic analysis of his critics. Therefore, in order to fill the gap in the literature associated with the narrative structure of Conrad's shorter works, the authors of this article consider in detail the ideas of Genette's narratology for Conrad's story "Youth, Narration". Narratology, the method used in this article, is a science of literature that originated in the works of Russian formalists and is engaged in the systematic study of narratives. The purpose of this science is to identify the basic structures and relationships involved in the creation of history and its meaning. To achieve this goal, the theorists of narratology have introduced and defined a number of language rules that separate all narratives written in all languages. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in practice the narratological reading of the material is shown, and also shows how the authors apply these structural rules to their texts. Genette, a French narratologist, introduced five narrative categories in his book Narrative Discourse; these categories include Order, Duration, Frequency, Mood, and Voice. This article discusses Genette's narrative categories applied to Joseph Conrad's short story "Youth, Narrative" and identifies the structural nuances of this story in order to help readers in general and those who study literature, in particular, to touch upon a careful reading of Conrad's writing style.
Shagbanova K.S. - The Linguistic and Cultural Nature of the Concept of "Patriotism" pp. 11-19

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40116

EDN: NVWFFJ

Abstract: The concept of "patriotism" has been the focus of research interest since the very first stages of the formation of science. Its uniqueness is due to the combination of polysemy, high nominative density and conceptual stability with a component of abstractness and active use in speech and text. This mental education is characterized by the ability to nominate actions and behavior patterns, reflect conceptual and linguistic specifics and constitutive features. The factuality component is implemented through a pair of correlates "the concept of "patriotism" – the intention of the speaker", expressing a nuclear or peripheral meaning relevant to a certain communicative situation and type of discourse. The extralinguistic aspect of the concept under study is formed by a set of culturally significant associations and the degree of interaction with a particular subsystem of the language. The article notes that the concept of "patriotism" plays a significant role in the modern national linguistic consciousness. The article focuses on understanding the concept of "patriotism" based on the traditional values of national culture. It is emphasized that the studied linguistic unit performs its functions in the aesthetic space as one of the connecting elements between the individual and society. The author attributes to the key features of this phenomenon such as praxeology, appeals of concentrated and dispersive properties, high conceptual stability, limit, polysemy.
Matveeva A.A. - Textual Functions of Pluperfect in Terms of Precedence (the Case Study of Literary Works of the XVIth - XIXth Centuries) pp. 12-20

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2017.4.24792

Abstract: The subject of the research is the textual functions of the pluperfect tense in the French language that appear from the meaning of precedence. These functions include reconstruction of the cronological order of events as well as participation in the anaphoric reference to events that have been described earlier. In her research Matveeva analyzes pluperfect semantics in comparison with other forms of the past tense. She also analyzes changes in the way the pluperfect tense had been used in the period since the XVIth till the XIXth centuries. Matveeva offers her own classification of contexts where this tense has the aforesaid functions. To analyze cases of using the pluperfect tense, the author has used the functional interpretation of the psychosystemic theory of the verbal tense. The tense is studied by the author taking into account particularities of the personal psychological time. The main conclusions of the research relate to the classification of contexts of using the pluperfect tense. While the XVIth-century texts make the anaphoric reference using the purperfect tense only if there was an additional indicatory component, the XIXth-century texts make such a reference without the indicatory component. As for the function of keeping the chronological order of events, it had stayed the same throughout the research period. 
Afonina M.M. - Lexical peculiarities of French language of Switzerland in the context of linguistic worldview (based on the materials of the thematic group “Horticulture”) pp. 12-26

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.11.34338

Abstract: The goal of this research is the analysis of linguistic aspect of the fragment of linguistic worldview of the francophone part of Switzerland. Due to the fact that linguistic worldview is a mental-lingual formation, it incorporates linguistic and extralinguistic side of reality, as well as reflects correlation between them. Analysis is conducted on the specific lexical units of the Swiss French language; they are compared to analogues in the language of metropolitan country for the purpose of revealing the features that convey extralinguistic information. The subject of this research is the ethnolinguistic characteristics of helvetisms – linguistic peculiarities that reflect national-cultural specificity of Swiss ethnic group and are absent in the French language of France. The scientific novelty consists in consideration of the fragment of linguistic worldview of French-speaking Switzerland related to horticulture, using a set of methods for the analysis of various characteristics of the word or phrase as an independent linguistic unit. In the course of study, the author applies semantic analysis of the word, analysis of etymology of the word, analysis of inner form of the word. The acquired results contain information on ethnocultural content of such characteristics helvetisms, as external form of the word, inner form of the word, origin and meaning of the word. It was established in majority of cases, ethnocultural information is usually conveyed by such characteristics of lexical unit as external form of the word or phrase, or separate components of the structure of word meaning. The presented results can find practical implementation in cross-cultural communication, lexicographic, and cognitive linguistics.
Cao X. - Comparative Analysis of the Related Terms "Connection" and "Parcelling" (Based on the Material of the Service Unit "and more") pp. 12-19

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.38872

EDN: XUZZNX

Abstract: This article is devoted to the actual problem of the syntax of the Russian language. Joining is always in the focus of attention of researchers at the present stage of development of linguistic theory. However, due to the fact that attachment has similar features with the term "parcel", in modern Russian syntactic science, a single view on the relationship between "connection" and "parcelling" has not yet been developed. The object of research is the service unit "and also", the subject is the relationship of the related terms "connection" and "parcelling". The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of "connection" and "parcelling" on the material of the service unit "and more". In the course of the research, we use the corpus method of collecting and processing empirical material. The source of the material is the texts presented in the National Corpus of the Russian language. In addition, both the descriptive method and the comparison method are used to clearly show the differences between the two concepts. Based on a comparative analysis of the actual material, it was found that the most distinct difference between connection and parcelling is as follows: when joining, addition occurs, and when parcelling, separation occurs. Connection is a grammatical category, refers to the phenomenon of the static aspect of a sentence, and parcelling is a stylistic device, refers to the phenomenon of the dynamic aspect of a sentence.
Abdullayev R.S. - The role of language within the identity structure of Molokans of Azerbaijan (on the example of rural localities Ivanovka and Novosaratovka) pp. 13-23

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.7.33264

Abstract: The goal of this research is the comparison of identity factors that contribute to strengthening and determination of affiliation of an ethnocultural group in a foreign language environment. The subject of this research is the examination of peculiarities of language factors as an element of preservation of identity and identification of a minority ethnocultural group of Molokans residing in the territory of Azerbaijan since the early XIX century. The author reviews certain identity structures of the Molokans that assist preservation and unification of the group. Research methodology is based on the sociolinguistic practice, surveys and interviews carried out in the rural localities Ivanovka and Novosaratovka, as well as places of residence of the Molokans in Azerbaijan. The scientific novelty consist in comparative study of Molokans in the two regions of Azerbaijan, their views upon identity, lifestyle and living conditions, and linguistic peculiarities. A conclusion is drawn that Molokans consider themselves Russians; the role of language within the identity structure of Molokans plays a crucial role; language factor dominates in formation of ethnic identity and ethnic mentality, which develops in the early childhood. The results of this work can be valuable in studying the language factor as the basis in preservation of identity of small-numbered peoples after migration.
Kopaneva A.V. - Accentual arrangement of BBC news programs in the light of affective syllabics pp. 16-26

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.2.37430

Abstract: This article examines the peculiarity of the position and means of creating the effect of accentuation in the modern English language. The research material leans on the speech of the leading BBC news programs, which is being processed in accordance with the principles of cognitive syllabics. The author also applies the methods of auditory analysis of the original sounding text and its pragmaphonetic modeling, determining the instances of accentuation that goes beyond the scope of neutral English phonation and is implemented via affective syllabics. The relevance of the research is defined by the need to pinpoint the attention upon the shift in communicative priorities that is taking place in the English language and broaden the prosodic and rhetorical arsenal used by those who learn English for creating the accentuation effect. The scientific novelty lies in the application of categorical approach towards the phenomenon of accentuation in the genres of intellective communication that are important for philological education. The article introduces the category of markedness/ unmarkedness of accentuation, which is supplemented by the so-called borderline or intermediate instances of accentuation, which are revealed only after thorough cognitive processing of the material, and determined primarily by the ethical aspect of modern English speech. The acquired results allow describing the phenomenon of syllabic and verbal accentuation in the dynamics and evolution, as well as the use of the means of affective syllabics for imparting timbral coloring to speech that meets expectations and preferences of the modern English-speaking community.
Solovyeva A. - English terminology of aircraft engines: lexical-semantic, structural-grammatical and pragmatic features. pp. 17-26

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43736

EDN: UDICIS

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the English terminology of aircraft engines. The subject of the study is the structural-semantic and pragmatic features of the terms. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to analyze terminology in semantic, syntagmatic and pragmatic aspects. The tasks can be formulated as follows: 1. Determine the structure of terminological units, find out from which components it is formed. 2. To identify how synonymy and ambiguity are inherent in terminology. 3. Identify the pragmatic component based on the structural components of the terms. The relevance of the study is due to the growing public interest in the aviation industry. The work was carried out using statistical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to use a comprehensive (three aspects) approach to the study of a highly specialized group of terminological vocabulary. During the analysis, it was found that the terminology describing aircraft engines (types and design) is represented by multicomponent (mainly three- and four-component) terminological phrases. A number of syntactic models participate in their formation, each of which is one or another variant of the combination of adjectives, nouns and numerals. Adjectives, nouns and numerals should be recognized as carriers of terminological information that has pragmatic significance. This significance lies in the fact that information, being correctly orienting, guides specialists in their professional activities and promotes effective communication.
Nilogov A.S. - 'Snipping' as the Name (Antilanguage Methodology in Aid of DNA-Genealogy) pp. 18-25

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2016.1.17670

Abstract: In article the problem of allocation of new snips (one-nucleotide polymorphisms) as a lingvo-philosophical problem of the name ("onomafication") of our far ancestors is considered, still, it is possible, not having own names, but which it is possible to allocate/distinguish on the basis of assignment of serial number of snips as in any biological (in this case - genetic) of taxonomy. To us the problem of a "snipping"/snipping as the name "/antroponimofication" of far ancestors seems essential: from Y-chromosomal Adam through all nodal points (gapgroups / snips) to documentary confirmed factology of classical genealogy. The following methods are used in the research: anti-language, genetic (Y-chromosomal DNA testing), genealogical, DNA-genealogical, source study, heuristic method. The novelty of research is caused by the fact that the author establishes the interdisciplinary connection between two modern methods of scientific knowledge: anti-language methodology and by the DNA methods - genealogy (genetic genealogy). This allows to fulfil an opportunity as DNA genealogy due to expansion of anthroponimia factology when the documentary and source study base of classical genealogy, and anti-language methodology by means of inclusion of new types of anti-words in structure DNK-genealogisms is settled. 
Ulianova K. - The categories of “active” and “passive” stylistics in the formal speech of Chinese language pp. 18-24

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.6.31243

Abstract: The subject of this research is the two main categories of stylistic syntax of the Chinese language – active and passive stylistics. The active stylistics implies expressive means aimed at exerting aesthetic effect on the recipient of text, while the passive stylistics indicates stylistic approaches underlining the abstract, generalizing and precise character of presentation of formal documents. Despite the prevalence of passive stylistic in the formal texts, the resources of active stylistics are present upon availability in the documents of the elements of aesthetic and emotional information. Using content analysis and component analysis of the documents from Chinese sources, the author determines the basic stylistic approaches of the formal speech of Chinese language, characterized from the perspective of functional approach using the method of synchronic description. For the first time in Russian linguistics are determined the peculiarities of using the means of active and passive stylistics in formal Chinese texts, as well as certain restrictions on the usage of linguistic expressive means in the various genres of formal style of speech. The acquired results may be valuable in further research dedicated to stylistic syntax of the Chinese language, as well as contribute to the optimal choice and usage of expressive means in practice of comprising formal documents in the Chinese language.
Bondareva E.P., Chistyakova G.V. - Universal value worldview: analysis of virtual tourist reviews pp. 18-32

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.4.32610

Abstract: All realities of the surrounding human environment have an axiological potential, and it is generally believed that the ethnic worldviews are characterized by various evaluative dominants. This work substantiates the idea of the existence of universal value attitudes of the representatives of different locative worldviews. The object of this research is the evaluative field “Recreation”; the subject is evaluative judgments of the authors of virtual reviews about vacation on the island Hainan (China), which contain an axiological response to a particular object related to the analyzed evaluative field. The virtual tourist reviews from three locative groups (USA, Europe, Russia) served as the material for this research. The analysis was based on the field method of language description. The conducted research demonstrates that the evaluative field “Recreation” has a similar structure in the representations of native speakers of the three locative groups. The nuclear zone is represented by the thematic group “Hotel accommodation”; the near periphery is formed by the thematic groups “Service”, “Food”, “Beach recreation”; the far periphery includes evaluative judgments of the thematic groups “Activities outside the hotel”, “Landscape”, “Overall impression”, “Fauna”. Each group consists of several objects of evaluation, the axiological response to which is verbalized through evaluative predicates. As a result of studying the evaluation field “Recreation”, the author established that nationality and place of residence of a person do not impact the choice of the object of evaluation of recreation sphere; responses of the representatives of the three locations to tourist objects are very similar.
Evlasev A.P., Sychugova L.A. - Features of the functioning of evaluative vocabulary in the English-language political discourse (based on the texts of the American media) pp. 18-28

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34377

Abstract: This article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of the functioning of evaluative vocabulary in the political discourse of the United States. The relevance of the topic is due to the increasing interest of researchers in the peculiarities of the expression of evaluative values in various types of discourse. At the same time, the consideration of the functioning of evaluative vocabulary in political discourse is of undoubted interest in modern linguistics, since axiological interpretation has a noticeable impact on the life of modern society. The methodological basis of the study was the work of such Russian linguists as I.S. Alekseeva, A.A. Ufimtseva, T.A. Znamenskaya, N.D. Arutyunova, etc. The main attention in the article is paid to the ways of implementing negative estimated values.   The aim of the work is to study the ways of expressing evaluative values using stylistic means, since language is an effective weapon in the world of politics. The research material was the political texts of the American media, since the media actively form public opinion, influence the course of political discussions, referendums, determine the rating of political and public figures, political parties and public organizations. The goals and objectives of this study determined the use of the following research methods: the definition method, the method of text analysis, the method of structural analysis, the comparative method. The analysis of the factual material shows that the American political discourse includes various lexical and stylistic means that are used to exert ideological influence, to form the recipients of a particular attitude to certain realities of political life.
Gilemshin F.F., Galiullina G.R. - Past participle in kyssa Tatar texts of the late XIX – early XX centuries pp. 19-25

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.1.37320

Abstract: The goal of this research lies in the analysis of past participles used in the texts of kyssa genre. The object of this research is kyssa Tatar texts published in the late XIX – early XX centuries. These works emerged under the influence of Oriental literature. The translations of the following works especially popular: the collection of fairy tales “One Thousand and One Nights” by F. Khalidi, the books “Tutinama” and “Kalila and Dimna” by G. Faezkhanov, the books “The History of the Forty Vezirs” and “Abugalisina” by K. Nasiry. They had a significant impact upon the formation of morphological norms of the modern Tatar literary language. The novelty of this article is defined by the fact that the morphological peculiarities of the works belonging to this genre have not previously become the object of separate research in the Tatar linguistics. The conclusion is made that the language of kyssa texts is heterogeneous, incorporating the elements of the traditional written literary language and the folk colloquial language. This is testified by the grammatical forms of past participle. The analysis demonstrates that the most common and multifunctional forms are -γan /-gän, -qan/-kän characteristic to the Kipchak subgroup of Turkic languages. This form is mostly used in colloquial language. Past participles with the affixes -dyq /-dek, -myš/-meš, -muš/-müš characteristic to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages are the indicators of the written literary language. With the establishment of the modern Tatar literary language, they became obsolete.
Alhaded H.H., Shavtikova A., Merai M. - Sociocultural features of the Arabic academic discourse pp. 19-26

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.4.37759

Abstract: The Arabic academic discourse is a complex organism associated with the linguistic, national, cultural and religious characteristics of the inhabitants of the Middle East. The article is interdisciplinary in nature and can be considered from the point of view of sociolinguistics, comparative linguistics and psycholinguistics. The subject of the study is the social and cultural features of the Arabic academic discourse. The object of research is academic discourse implemented in Arabic. The purpose of this article is to identify the key features of the Arab academic discourse and the degree of influence of globalization on it. The methodological basis of the study was the results of a survey of Arabic–speaking native students studying at the bachelor's and master's degrees in the Levant countries. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the Arabic academic discourse in the Russian and international linguistic tradition is insufficiently studied, which entails communicative failures between communicants within the framework of Arabic academic discourse and global, international academic discourse. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the Arabic academic discourse is a synthesis of traditional, national and religious foundations of the Arabic-speaking society; the teacher in the Arabic academic discourse takes an authoritarian position towards students. The research materials can be used in universities of the humanities in the study of special courses on intercultural communication, discoursology and a practical course of the Arabic language.
Arkhipova D.I., Sobyanina V.A. - Verbalisation of impoliteness in comments of German politicians in Instagram news posts pp. 19-29

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38351

EDN: YQSXFO

Abstract: This article focuses on the description of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of the study is to identify markers of verbal aggression a way of expressing impoliteness and to analyse the ways in which they are implemented. The material for this study was German-language comments under the Instagram posts of the largest German parties and German politicians who participated in the German Federal Chancellor elections (2021). As the main methods of research were used linguopragmatic and linguocultural types of analysis. In addition, this paper includes a continuous sampling of comments that contain signs of implicit and/or explicit verbal aggression. Then was done a contextual analysis of the selected comments. The analysis revealed that implicit and explicit types of verbal aggression are equally common in the comments under political figures' Instagram posts, and that both types of verbal aggression can be used simultaneously by the authors in the same comment. The most frequent lexical and grammatical means of implementation of verbal aggression were also distinguished. The conclusions drawn during the research can be used in further studies that focus on the peculiarities of realisation of verbal aggression in computer communication as well as in those that focus on speech culture in a computer-mediated communication.
Dzakhova V.T., Dzodzikova Z.B. - Phraseological Units as the Reflection of the Nation's World View (the Case Study of the Analysis of Phraseological Units with UD/DUSHA (Soul)/SEELE in Ossetian, Russian and German Languages) pp. 20-25

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.25811

Abstract: The subject of this research is the phraseological units with such components as Ud/DUSHA (Soul)/SEELE in Ossetian, Russian and German languages. The purpose of the analysis is to define universal and specific features of these terms in the languages being compared. As the authors assumed in the very beginning, these are the most important terms for Ossetian and Russian languages spoken by Christians. Germans demonstrate less commitment to religion which is reflected in the term Seele which means the core of instruments or items. Appealing to the seminal and grammatical methods of analysis, the authors of the article describe a grammatical structure and internal form of phraseological units through comparing the meaning of phraseological units to the literal meaning of their components. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors compare phraseological units of three IndoEuropean languages, two languages (Ossetian and Russian) being closely connected with each other for many centuries, and the third language (German) being used only in the process of teaching the German language to Ossetians or Russians. 
Zavialova I. - The Analysis of the Structural Features of Foreign Ergonyms (the Case Study of Public Catering Enterprises Names in Vienna and Berlin) pp. 20-25

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28688

Abstract: The existence of these or those ergonyms in the language space of the city is determined by extralinguistic factors. The object of the research is the foreign ergonyms, in particular, names of cafes and restaurants in the language space of an Austrian city Vienna and German city Berlin. The author of the article examines peculiar functions of foreign ergonyms, analyzes and classifies them depending on their source language, number of elements comprising ergonyms, and defines particular word-formation types of foreign ergonyms. To select the research material, the author has applied the random sampling method. The main research method used by the author is the method of scientific description that implies such techniques as direct observation, systematization, classification and interpretation. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the nature of functions of foreign ergonyms in the language space of Vienna and Berlin depends on the structure and means of ergonym nomination. The research results demonstrate that the most commonly used foreign ergonyms are usually of English origin. These are multi-component non-transliterated names created using morphological and syntactical word-formation. 
Tsygankova A.A. - Precedent Names and their Functions in Umberto Eco's Novel "The Name of the Rose" pp. 20-28

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40385

EDN: OCWRKY

Abstract: The subject of this study is the precedent names in Umberto Eco's novel "The Name of the Rose". The author relies on the theoretical provisions developed in relation to the precedent names of E. A. Nakhimova. With the help of computational methods of analysis and subsequent manual verification of the results, a list of all precedent names present in the novel was obtained. The names invented by Eco itself were also analyzed, precedent components were found in them, which were also analyzed. As a result, a list of 544 names was obtained, which the author classified into several groups. Next, the functions were defined in which the existing precedent names are used. The scientific novelty of this study is due to two factors. On the one hand, the author contributes to the development of the concept of "precedent name", which entered science quite recently (in the 2000s). On the other hand, the novelty is determined by the very material on which the research is carried out, since the texts of Umberto Eco until today are more often the subject of literary research, while their linguistic aspects remain out of the field of view of specialists. The author discovers the predominance of pragmatic and modeling functions of precedent names in the text of the novel. There are also examples of the use of case names in the human function and the evaluation function. At the same time, due to the theoretical provisions of postmodernism, in accordance with which the novel was developed, it can be said that the password function is concomitant with everything else. In addition, we can say that the massive use of precedent names in the text of the novel is used as a technique. Although science has not yet developed a single term for this technique, following the Danish researcher Jon Kyust, the author suggests using the term "neimdropping" for this.
Firstov L. - Reconsideration of classification of phrasal verbs in the English language pp. 21-28

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.8.33496

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in formulation of definition and classification of phrasal verbs in the English language. The subject of this research is the semantics of English phrasal verbs. Lexicographical analysis became the main method for this research. The author also carried out semantic and comparative analysis of English and Russian prefixed verbs; examines the peculiarities of distribution of pitch accents between “simple” verb and postposition as one of the determinant attributes that allows classifying phrasal verbs into an independent lexical group. It is demonstrated that some word combinations, which are traditionally considered phrasal verbs, should not be attributed to this category of lexical units. The author determines the attributes that allow unifying interpretation of the term “phrasal verb”. The scientific novelty consists in the new perspective upon classification of phrasal verbs, distinguishing three types of these lexical units based on the logic of their formation. The author underlines that all phrasal verbs are amenable to the proposed classification, excluding the cases when the status of second element within them does not deem it as postposition. The acquired results significantly simplify the understanding of such verbs and can be applied in teaching or further theoretical developments of the subject of phrasal verbs.
Kovrigina E.A. - Folk ideas about the diseases sent (based on the material of the Arkhangelsk dialects) pp. 21-29

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.37581

Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the linguistic and cultural semantics of the diseases sent, namely uro, prizo, moat and kila, based on the material of Arkhangelsk dialects extracted from the data of the card index of the Arkhangelsk Regional Dictionary and the author's own field records. The data of etymological and other dialect dictionaries are involved. The meanings of the analyzed words are being clarified. The aim of the study is a comprehensive description and systematization of culturally significant information about the evil eye and corruption, presented by dialect texts, and reconstruction of a fragment of the traditional linguistic picture of the world associated with folk medicine. The article uses the method of cognitive analysis of linguistic material and the ethnolinguistic method. The field of folk medicine, to which the evil eye belongs, has repeatedly aroused the interest of dialectologists. However, despite this, much still remains beyond the scope of their research. The subject of our consideration is also poorly studied. There is a change in the semantics of uro ́cov and prizórov associated with the loss of the internal form of the analyzed words, indicating the method of malicious influence. The content of the concept of kila is clarified, namely, the possible manifestations of this disease are indicated. The cause of the evil eye or damage, as a rule, is tense social relations between fellow villagers. The analysis of dialect material demonstrates that the folk culture of a villager turns out to be filled with mythological and religious ideas about the world. Belief in the evil eye, conspiracy, corruption, supernatural forces, the perception of illness as an expression of the evil will of a person still characterize the attitude of a villager.
Fedorova N.V., Dudukalov E.V. - Translation of the realias of state-administrative structure and public life from English language into the Russian language pp. 22-36

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.29704

Abstract: This article provides an overview of the Russian and foreign classifications of realias, and the results of research conducted by the authors on the ways of conveying the realias of state-administrative structure and public life from the English language into the Russian language (based on the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier and its translation into the Russian language by G. Ostrovskaya). The goal of this is to determine the peculiarities and most effective ways of conveying the realias in the literary work, considering the specificity of literary translation, which requires preserving the flair, imagery, and aesthetic impact the original. The article employs the method of continuous sampling, quantitative estimation, linguistic observation and description, and comparative method. The conducted research contributes to studying the effectiveness of different ways of translating the realias in a literary text from the English language into the Russian language. The novelty of consist in the fact that this article is first to examine the language material and translation solutions from two perspectives – the theory of linguistic translation and the theory of interpretative translation. The conclusion is made that in conveying the realias, in some instances, the translator shifts away from the standard ways in order to make the text comprehensible for the Russian-speaking recipient. At the same time, this is the why the methods justified from the standpoint of linguistic theory of translation leads to a loss of flair and semantic nuances. The acquired materials and results can be valuable for pedagogical and educational purposes, as well as in professional English – Russian translations that contain non-equivalent vocabulary.
Freidson O.A., Verezubova E.E. - Corpus methods in research and study/teaching of the French language. pp. 22-33

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.2.37471

EDN: HEEJBN

Abstract: The aim of the work is to identify the possibilities and specifics of using corpus methods in conducting research on the material of the French language and in teaching French. The growing interest in the methods of corpus research based on specific language data and the insufficient development of the issue on the material of the French language determine the relevance of the work. The analysis has shown that today there are various resources for conducting corpus research on the material of the French language, including literary text corpora, parallel corpora, oral speech corpora, which create a specially organized multidimensional infrastructure of the language space, giving a comprehensive idea of language units, their compatibility, semantics and functions.   The authors have demonstrated that the existing corpus managers can be successfully applied in teaching French at the initial level, from the very beginning forming important linguistic and methodological competencies among linguist students. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive review of the existing French corpus resources and the possibilities of their use in research and in teaching French. The results of the study can be used both for further development of research in the field of history, grammar, lexicology, stylistics of the French language based on corpora, and for the development of tasks for teaching French using corpus data, which is of practical significance of the study.
Paramonova M.K. - Lexical Synonymy of Religious Lexis: Particularities and Types pp. 23-28

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.1.25050

Abstract: The subject of the research is the synonymy of religious lexis. In the course of her research Paramonova has discovered that religious lexis typically has excessive synonymy that creates more means of describing the same phenomenon. The main feature of synonymy of religious lexis is the relationship of absolute synonymy. The author describes the sources of absolute synonymy (word-formative processes, foreign vocabulary, words with different inner form, etc.) as well as particular features of synonymic pairs and rows (depending on the scope of application, styles and expressivity). The research material involved about 150 synonymic pairs and rows selected from the edition 'God, Religion' of the Russian Topical Vocabulary, analyzed and classified. Quite frequently religious lexis has been studied by researchers as part of the linguistic world-image, Orthodox discourse and vocabulary reflection, however, there are very few researches of this systemic linguistic phenomenon. Successive analysis of synonymic relations in religious lexis allows to describe features and patterns that have never been described before. 
Alhaded H.H., Shavtikova A., Savalkha O.N. - Methodology of analysis of directive speech acts in English and Arabic academic discourse pp. 24-32

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38567

EDN: MVQQGB

Abstract: This article presents the author's methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in English and Arabic academic discourse, developed during the writing of the author's dissertation research. The purpose of the article is to describe and confirm the effectiveness of the methodology for analyzing directive speech acts within the framework of two academic discourses. In addition to substantiating the choice of research methods and respondent groups, the article presents a written discursive test with situational examples developed on the basis of the classification of directive speech acts by J. Serle (1979). We propose the study of directive speech acts from the point of view of grammatical, cultural, social and lexical aspects. The purpose of this article is an attempt to propose the author's methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in a comparative aspect within the framework of academic discourse functioning in English and Arabic. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that earlier in Russian and foreign linguistics, no attempts were made to develop a methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in a comparative perspective of English and Arabic. In conclusion, the author makes a conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed method of analysis, and also notes the prospects for further research on the proposed topic. The results of the article can be used in the compilation of methodological complexes for teaching comparative linguistics, as well as courses on discourse analysis in higher educational institutions.
Evlasev A.P., Sychugova L.A. - Sociocultural categorization of the areas of use of politically correct vocabulary (on the materials of German mass media) pp. 25-33

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.6.31280

Abstract: This article examines the sociocultural categorization of the areas of use of politically correct vocabulary on the material of German mass media. The category of political correctness is viewed as a system of cultural and linguistic norms within the framework of sociopolitical discourse in the modern world. Another relevant question is the linguistic representation of the principle of political correctness along with determination of the new trends of its expression in the German sociopolitical discourse. The research is conducted in terms of such scientific directions as the theory of linguistic manipulation and communication theory. The author applies the methods and approaches of the linguistic analysis of factual material: semantic analysis of lexical units, content analysis, component analysis, and method of generalization. The scientific novelty consists in the sociocultural analysis of expressive means of political correctness in the German language based on the material of modern mass media. The conducted analysis of factual material demonstrates that within the German sociopolitical discourse prevail the lexical units, which for the most part pertain to such areas of use of political correctness as physical, social, cultural, institutional, and others.
Mel'dianova A.V. - Functional Peculiarities of the Continuous Form in Modern English pp. 26-31

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.26032

Abstract: The article is devoted to the peculiarities of functioning the continuous form in the English language. The semantics of this form does not allow to use some verbs the meaning of which contradicts the idea of process. Recently there has been a tendency towards increase in the number of such verbal forms used in the continuous form and this is what makes this study perspective. The aim of the article is to analyze the semantic selectivity of the continuous forms and lexical and grammatical factors under which some verbs of different semantics acquire the possibility to be used in the continuous form. Lexical and grammatical factors are discribed in the article and their contribution to the general meaning of the sentence is pointed out. In her research Meldianova applies the following research methods: description used to define, interpret and classify the meaning of verbs under study; and comparison used to analyze various semantic groups of verbs. Linguists have quite contradictory views on the meaning of the continuous form of verbs. Some of them believe that continous verbs denote a specific kind of verbs and describe an action that is being performed at the moment. Others believe that the continous form expresses a temporal meaning, in particular, simultaneity with some point in time or action. Researchers haven't come to the agreement regarding semantics and particular functions of the continous form in modern English. Moreover, the number of verbs that can be used in the continuous form is constantly growing and their meanings change under the influence of various intra- and extralinguistic context. This creates the novelty of this research. The results of the research prove that verbs of different semantics can be used in the continous form in modern English.
Alieva Z.M. - Structural-semantic types of good wishes and curses in the Chamalal language pp. 26-36

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.29278

Abstract: The author examines the folklore poetry of Chamalals, which includes the centuries-old tales and parables, ceremonial and family-lyrical songs, ritual lamentations, proverbs, sayings, counting-out rhymes, riddles, emotionally expressive lexicon, etc. The subject of this research is the good wishes and curses comprising the small folklore genres. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by uniqueness of the genre, which varies among the folklores of different nations. In order to preserve the language palette of humanity, in the conditions of currently ongoing irreversible process aimed at its reduction and unification, it is necessary to create full descriptions of the “living” languages. This article is dedicated to examination of the emotionally expressive lexicon presented by good wishes and curses in various situations on ontology of the Chamalal society. Based on the existing and newly introduced into the scientific discourse emotionally expressive vocabulary, the author explores the structural-semantic types of good wishes and curses in the Chamalal language. The analyzed Chamalal good wishes and curses as the primary genres of folklore discourse become the object of linguistic description for the first time. In the course of research, the author determines the main structural-semantic types of the emotionally expressive lexicon, trend towards passage of the sayings with unkind wishes into curses, and enhanced expressiveness in the phrases containing an unkind wish.
Chernova O.E., Osipova A.A., Buzhinskaya D.S. - New phraseology in modern communicative space (to the question of replenishment of the corpus of chunks of language by phraseologisms with a component “electronic”) pp. 27-38

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.5.32746

Abstract: Phraseological corpus of Russian language of the late XX – early XXI centuries has been enriched with multiple phraseological units. The subject of this research became neophraseologisms with “electronic” as the key component, actively used in modern publicistic discourse (electronic book, electronic textbook, electronic journal, electronic wallet, electronic library, and others). In Russia, the system of gradual fixation of emergence of new suprawords linguistic units did not form, thus composers of even the modern phraseological dictionaries include neologisms carefully, “sparsely”, often without due “linkage” to time and circumstances of their emergence, not fully answering the needs of a modern user. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that there is a need to conduct linguistic qualification and dictionary description of the Russian phraseological neologisms, emerged in the conditions of “digital pivot” of culture and formation of global communicative space. Abundance of supraword neologisms, which sensitively react to all changes in the life of society, is connected to a number of causes. On the one hand, on the background of geopolitical “redivisions” came drastic changes in the sociopolitical and socioeconomic life of the Russian native speakers. On the other hand, modern humanity is undergoing civilizational changes, caused by the “digital pivot” as coined by the renowned Polish phraseologist Wojciech Chlebda, driving formation of a global information network.
Alexeeva M. - Referential Expression Type and Definiteness as Factors in Asymmetrical Object Marking in Modern Hebrew pp. 27-36

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40702

EDN: ZFBXLW

Abstract: The subject of this study are the referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause in the Modern Hebrew language. The goal of this study is to establish the significance of “definiteness” as a factor in asymmetric object marking for different types of referential expressions used by the Modern Hebrew speakers. For this purpose, the author considers the ways of expressing the category "definiteness" in various Modern Hebrew referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause, and carries out a quantitative and comparative analysis of the ways of formalizing these expressions, using two research corpuses with a total volume of about 101 000 words. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, despite the clear correlation between the “definiteness” and the way noun phrases in the direct object role are constructed, “definiteness” is the only factor licensing asymmetric object marking for only one category out of the four considered, for proper names that are obligatorily marked. The remaining categories (definite noun phrases with other indicators of determination, indefinite noun phrases and pronouns) are all optionally marked within one or more types of referential expressions within each category. Of particular importance are the conclusions about the optional marking of referents encoded with the kol quantifier (55% of referential expressions with a quantifier and a relative pronoun are marked), partitive constructions (75% are marked), demonstrative and relative pronouns (48% and 66-85% are marked, respectively). It is proposed that for these types of referential expressions, there are additional factors that license asymmetric object marking in Modern Hebrew and that to determine them it would require further study of the discourse-pragmatic characteristics of referent-encoding expressions, including their referential status, status of animation, activity in discourse and degree of topicality.
Mel'dianova A.V., Pomerantsev S.V. - Functional peculiarities of complex sentences in English-language aviation texts pp. 28-34

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.30894

Abstract: This article is devoted to the peculiarities of functioning composite sentences in English aviation texts. The subject matter of this research is types of complex sentences in modern English and the means of connecting main and subordinate parts of these sentences. Research in the article is done on the basis of scientific and journalistic styles. Special attention is paid to the general characteristics of lexical and grammatical features of these two text styles. In the article, a comparative analysis of different types of subordinate clauses is made and difficulties in translating them from English into Russian are analyzed. In her research, Meldianova applies the following research methods: description used to define, interpret and classify complex sentences; and comparison used to analyze types of syndetic words and subordinating conjunctions in complex sentences. The novelty of this research consists in the conducted for the first time complex study of means of connecting sentences within a composite sentence on the basis of English aviation texts of scientific and journalistic styles.
Shubina A.O. - The study of collocations with game component in the Russian and English-American discourse pp. 29-44

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.3.35143

Abstract: The subject of this research is the polysemous noun “game” in the Russian language and the nouns “play”, “game”, “acting”,” performance” in the English language that correspond to different spheres of activity, denoted by the word “game”. The goal of this article consists in determination of most frequent universal collocations with game component in the Russian discourse and their translation equivalents with play, game, acting, and performance component in the English-American discourse. The collocations with game component formed by the scheme adjective + noun and noun + noun, acquired from the dictionaries, as well as Russian and English-American text corpora, served as the material for this research. The article employs the following methods: definitional analysis, contrastive analysis, and etymological analysis. The application of contrastive analysis allowed determining the linear and vector correspondences between the schemes of the indicated lexemes play, game, acting, and performance, as well as revealing the ethno-cultural lacunae. Examination of collocations with game component was conducted on the basis of the Russian National Corpus, Corpus of Historically American English, and Corpus of Contemporary American English; various dictionaries in the timespan (1810-1900) and (2000-2018). It was established that majority of the ten most frequent collocations according to the aforementioned schemes from the Russian National Corpus are present in the Corpus of Historically American English and Corpus of Contemporary American English in the same contexts, but different frequency. The article provides the examples of ethnocultural collocations with game components in the Russian and English-American discourse. It is demonstrated that collocation with the parametric adjectival “big game” has both universal and ethno-cultural characteristics in the English-American language. The relevance of the work is substantiated by recent interest in the development of collocation competence in learning a foreign language.
Li Y. - Precedent name and its connotations pp. 30-36

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.4.32815

Abstract: This work gives special attention to examination of precedent name and its connotative meaning in mass media texts. Precedent name is viewed as a result of semantic condensation of the corresponding precedent text and/or precedent situation. The purpose of using precedent name in speech consists in giving a concise and brief characteristic to the subject of assessment through the system of meaningful standards, clichéd images that became an etalon of certain qualities of a person within the framework of the culture, as well as in expressing a subjective attitude that can be negative or positive. In the course of research, the author applies the method of contextual analysis, component analysis and comparative analysis. Precedent name, being the means for preservation of achievements of spiritual culture of the society and conveying ethical and aesthetical norms from generation to generation, simultaneously represents the way of expressing subjective assessment in the atypical context of application, which leads to the extension of its communicative functions and emergence of potential (and eventually realistic) secondary meanings, as well as reflects a dynamic situation of a cultural linguistic community.
Serbin V.A. - Semantic peculiarities of translation of military ranks in the Vietnamese language pp. 30-41

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.34586

Abstract: The process of translating nomenclature concepts is quite complicated, which prompts the translator to find realias in their native language. Accurate translation and finding proper equivalents require standardization and unification of the systems of nomenclature concepts of military terms in the original and target languages. An attempt is made to standardize and explain the rules of utilization and translation of the system of military ranks based on their semantic peculiarities in the Russian and Vietnamese languages. The author makes brief notes on the translation of military ranks and spoken forms of military greetings. Despite the sufficient coverage of the topic of semantic peculiarities of terminology, it retains relevant. The question of translating military ranks along with other nomenclature terms in the Vietnamese language, raises some questions. The author provides a general overview of the system of military ranks, determines similarities and differences, and attempts to develop a unified approach towards translation of these nomenclature concepts in the original and target languages. The article employs the comparative and descriptive methods of research. The acquired results demonstrate that the question of translation equivalence should be explored only through comparative analysis. The presented materials can be applied in lexicography and translation practice.
Bai X. - Linguistic creativity in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse pp. 31-42

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37918

Abstract: The subject of the study is the tools of linguistic and discursive creativity that implement the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese official state media. The purpose of the study is to identify the key creative linguistic tools and features of their use in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse. To achieve this goal, the following research methods are used: classification, lexical and syntactic analysis, cognitive-semantic method, descriptive method. The article describes the associative features of the concept PATRIOTISM in the Chinese linguistic worldview. Particular attention is paid to creative linguistic mechanisms in expressing and accentuating patriotic meanings. In the process of linguistic analysis, an explication of the combined use of folk wisdom, proverbs, sayings of thinkers of ancient China and historical allusions is carried out. As a result, it has been proved that a multifaceted creative language strategy is used for implementing the rhetoric of patriotism. The main conclusions of the study are that parallel constructions enhance the semantic and emotional information in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse; the military metaphor is often used when external threats appear; in reflecting the ideas of solidarity and the image of the great overcoming, the existing two-character words are creatively reorganized to form new four-character words to express nuances of word meaning and emotion. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the ways of creative linguistic use for the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in the authentic linguistic material of Chinese media discourse. The results can be used in the process of intercultural communication and the development of special courses about Chinese media, and can also promote communication and cooperation between politicians, journalists and linguists.
Filistova N.Y. - Linguistic Study of the Concept of Beauty in English Literary Text pp. 32-41

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.3.30046

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual space in a literary text. The subject of the research is the verbal representation of the concept of beauty based on the example of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Grey. In the course of her analysis, Filistova has studied peculiarities of the writer's message in this novel, describes the basic concept thereof, selects and analyzes lexical units that represent the aforesaid concept in Oscar Wilde's novel. High importance of concept analysis for cognitive linguistics as well as nver-ending interest in Oscar Wilde's writings have conditioned the rationale of the research. The basis of the research includes such research methods as definition analysis, elements of conceptual analysis and statistical method. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the concept of beauty has never been a matter of complex linguistic analysis involving the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey. As a result of her research, Filistova describes the frame semantics of beauty as the basic concept of the novel and discovers dominating frames as a result of her analysis of the verbal representation of the beauty concept in the novel. 
Yakhina R.R., Afonina E.V. - Functionality of foreign-language inclusions in Russian-language texts (on the material of modern media) pp. 33-39

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.35567

Abstract: The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying inclusions as a part of foreign-language technical terminology. This article is dedicated to examination of the problem of functionality of foreign language inclusions of English origin at the current stage of development of the Russian language. The texts from scientific and technical journals, automotive and aviation journals, and other periodicals served as the material for this research. The author considers the questions associated with graphical and functional adaptation of foreign-language terminological lexicon. Based on the available in linguistics classifications, the groups of foreign-language technical inclusions are determined according to the graphic arrangement in the texts and degree of assimilation. The acquired results can be used in compiling terminological dictionaries and teaching general linguistics. The novelty of this work consists in systematization, generalization, and analysis of the ways of functionality of technical foreign-language inclusions in modern Russian language and industry periodicals, namely on the example of aviation and automotive terminology. The conclusion is made that foreign-language technical terminology preserves the semantics of foreign-language inclusions in the recipient language, as well as heterogeneity of their arrangement. The increase of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature is substantiated by the requirements specified for the terms: linguistic economy, systematicity. The frequency of functionality of foreign-language inclusions in the scientific and technical literature emphasizes the relevance of the selected topic.
Smirnova D.L. - The transformation of meanings of the semantic space of a literary text under translation to a foreign language pp. 33-43

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44179

EDN: ZTUZZG

Abstract: The transformation of the semantic structure of a literary text under translation into a foreign language is inextricably linked with the transformation of conceptually significant meanings of this text. In order to establish the direction of changing the meanings that make up the paradigm of the key statements for this text, it is necessary to comprehensively study the paradigm of meanings arising in the translation text using a definitional analysis of key lexemes in the source language and the translation language and contextual analysis of the meaning-forming contexts of this text. In this connection, the subject of the study is the semantic structure of a key utterance in a polyphonic text. Particular attention is paid to the change in the volume of meanings formed during translation and the change in the actualization of meanings arising as the text is semantically unfolded. The scientific novelty lies in the material chosen for the study: the paper presents contexts from the translation of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot", made by Eva M. Martin, published by Everyman's Library in 1914 and republished in 1916. Previously, this translation text was not used as a valuable source for obtaining new knowledge about the semantic structure of a literary text and its transformation during translation, in particular, the aspect concerning the functioning of text dominants at the aesthetic and linguistic level. The contexts given in the study give reason to believe that the paradigm of the meanings of the key sign is significantly narrowed in the translation text, which leads to flattening of conceptually significant meanings and violation of the basic properties of the polyphonic word.
Shukurov D.L. - The principles of nomination of God in liturgical texts of Oriental Churches pp. 34-52

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.6.31137

Abstract: The goal of this research is the philological study of the principle of nomination of God in liturgical practice of the ancient Oriental Churches pertaining to the reverence of the name of God. The object of this research becomes the liturgical service in Oriental Christian Churches; the subject is the principles of nomination of God in liturgical texts of oriental traditions. The author examines from linguocultural perspective the religious interpretations of the name of God in terms of liturgical theology. Special attention is paid to the analysis of peculiarities of the formation of structural parts of oriental anaphors on the context of the developed linguistic hermeneutics of the name of God. To achieve the set objectives, the author applied the methodological principles of linguistic hermeneutics and Biblical exegetics; methodological systems of comparative-historical, typological and comparative linguistics, liturgical theology and liturgics. Exegetic-philological method within the framework of methodological system of Biblical exegetics, liturgical theology and liturgics was used to explain the meaning of liturgical texts. The novelty of this scientific work consists in studying the principles of nomination of God within the oriental liturgical texts and identification of their similarity with the doctrine of onomatodoxy. The article provides an extended hermeneutic characteristics of these principles.
Obletsova E., Gurin V. - Metaphorical representation of the emotional concept of LOVE in W. S. Maugham’s artistic worldview pp. 37-44

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.29326

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of metaphorical nomination of the emotional concept of LOVE in the works of William Somerset Maugham. The novels “Mrs. Craddock”, “The Hero”, “The Theatre” and “Of Human Bondage” served as the material for this research. Emotional component serves as organizing core of the literary work; while metaphor is the means for representation of emotions. It is based on the shift of the existing knowledge on the world onto the emotional sphere of a person. The goal of this study is to describe metaphors used by W. S. Maugham for designation and representation of the concept of LOVE. The research is carried out in the context of cognitive linguistics. Despite a vast number of studies dedicated to cognitive metaphor, it remains relevant as it helps comprehending complicated abstract concepts. Metaphor becomes the means for accessing the emotional concepts. Analysis of metaphorical representation of the emotional concept of LOVE in the works of W. S. Maugham allowed revealing metaphorical models that are realized through cognitive metaphors: love is water, love is fire, love is illness, love is madness, love is pain, love is a person, love is a beast, love is a parasite, love is a construction, love is fetters, love is a valuable thing.
Mukhamadiarova A.F. - Linguocoloured Picture of the World of Germans, Russians and Tatars (Based on the Analysis of Phraseological and Paroemiological Units) pp. 37-43

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.29588

Abstract: The role of colour in the world view      phraseology, paremiology, comparative phraseology, coloronym, phraseological unit, paroemiological unit, the German language, the Russian language, the Tatar language, cultural linguistics
Keler A.I. - Category of composition in the prayer text pp. 37-46

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.36019

Abstract: In linguistics at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, the religious functional style is actively studied, which became possible as a result of changes in the socio-political situation in Russia. The subject of the study is the language of religious communication, individual religious genres, and the style system. The purpose of this work is to describe the compositional structure of previously unexplored prayers and to develop a basis for their classification. The subject of the study is the compositional structure of prayer as a genre of religious style. The research material was 120 texts of prayers of New Apostolic Christians created in a non-liturgical situation of communication. The specifics of creating prayers in this religious community is that the texts are created anew each time, while the canonical prayer "Our Father" is a model, which corresponds to the constructive principle of religious style — proto-textuality. By the method of categorical-textual analysis, it was found that each of the created prayers has a compositional structure containing in the main part from one to three compositional blocks correlated with the three main intentions of prayer — request, gratitude, praise. The study proposes to classify prayers based on the number of intentions included in the text and identifies mono-, bi- and polyintentional compositional structures of prayer texts. During the analysis of the texts, it was found that the main compositional structure found in the texts of the New Apostolic Christians is a biintentional structure containing the intentions of gratitude and requests in a strictly fixed sequence. The results of the work can be applied for further research of prayer texts in both liturgical and non-liturgical situations of communication.
Pilyugina N.Y. - Textual Functions of Phraseological Units (the Case Study of the 'Any Way' Phrase) pp. 38-46

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2017.3.23572

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the syntactic functions of phraseological units. The object of the research is phraseological units that begin to perform syntactic functions typical of official words, and at the same time retain their original properties to a greater or lesser degree. The aim of this research is the analysis of functioning of one of such phraseological unit, "any way". The "any way" phrase may play different roles in a text structure such as the role of absolute beginning or absolute end of the sentence, or internal position. Within the framework of this research the author tries to answer the question whether there a correlation between syntactic position and scope of this phraseological unit. The author of the article describes the semantic structure of the text, in which there the 'any way' phrase, and the scope of application of this unit. Based on the analysis of facts the author has concluded that in the initial position this phraseological unit performs the textual function that always goes beyond one statement. This unit indicates an uncontested situation which unfolds against the background of two and more variables. The author has also analyzes the means of explication of the text semantic structure which consists of actual lexical tools (based on the antonymy of meanings), and function markers (conjunctions, and introductory modal words).
Pokrovskaya M.E. - Transformation of toponyms in onomasticons in the English and Russian languages: grammar, structure, semantics pp. 38-52

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32065

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of radical transformations of toponyms in onomasticons of the Russian and English languages at the turn of centuries. The goal of this work lies in determination and analysis of changes in semantics, structure and functionality of toponymic vocabulary from the perspective of definitional and component methods within the framework of communication-pragmatic approach using the data of corpus linguistics. The article substantiates the need for inclusion of the acquired data into educational materials for ensuring successful communication in the changed polycultural space. As a result, it was established that geopolitical shifts transformed not only the toponymic vocabulary, but also its grammatical paradigm in the Russian and English languages. The semantic differences in the meanings of toponyms in the British and American versions are underlined. The changes enriched the language in its natural evolution (the need for nomination of new objects) or by virtue of nomination practices. The scientific novelty consists in a complex systematization of transformations in the area of ethnonymics with consideration of the new geopolitical reality that forms integral approaches towards linguistic and extralinguistic phenomena. It is demonstrated that the modern geopolitical discourse plays a primary role in attaining new meanings to onyms overall and toponyms in particular. Functioning in different languages, toponyms may differ in their componential structure, which reflects diverse world landscapes captured in languages.
Shelomentsev M.A. - Dynamics of the Reality Presentation in the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly of Russia pp. 39-49

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2017.1.22343

Abstract: The object of our research is the metaphors that can be found in the political discourse. The subject of our research is the dynamics of the reality representation in Vladimir Putin's Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly of Russia for 2000 and 2016. The aim of the article is to define dynamics in the reality representation in the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly of Russia. As the material to study such dynamics, the author uses the analysis of metaphors in the Presidential addresses to the Federal Assembly of Russia based on the idea that metaphors perform the cognitive function and reailty categorization function. Analyzing texts of the aforesaid Addresses, the author defines the qualitative and quantitative contents of metaphors and describes changes in the contents in these reality representations. The methodological basis of this research involves George Lakoff's and Mark Johnson's idea about the conceptual metaphor based on the cognitive discourse padarigm. According to the author, the number of metaphors denotes not only what Vladimir Putin says in his Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly of Russia but also his attitude to what he says. This allows to speak of changes in his approach and thinking in terms of cognitive sciences. 
Sokolova O., Stanislavskaya S. - Speech portrait of a journalist V. M. Peskov as a carried of the full-range type of speech culture pp. 41-47

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.3.29941

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the speech portraying of linguistic personality of the journalist – one of the relevant problems of modern linguistics, substantiated by development of the methodology of reconstruction of linguistic personality, as well as the current state of journalism and linguistic problems of modern mass media. The authors attempt to create a speech portrait of personality of V. M. Peskov, whose words signify an example of journalistic mastery and high level of speech culture. Major attention is paid to the individual characteristics of artistic matter of the journalist that describe his linguistic personality, worldview and values. The conclusion is made that the individual speech portrait of V. M. Peskov allows determining his linguistic personality as the carrier of full-range type of speech culture that possesses not only professional, but also life experience and established system of ethical values. His signature speech indicates creative individuality and skillful use of expressive means, as well as following the laws of journalism genre and compliance with the norms of literary language. The novelty of this research consists in the authors’ attempt to reveal the individual speech characteristics of V. M. Peskov on the one hand, and qualities typical for a top-notch newspaper journalist, which would allow to develop criteria for classification of the carrier of high speech culture.
Klochkova E., Evtushenko T. - The peculiarities of realization of modal values of necessity and epistemic possibility in the Russian and Chinese languages pp. 42-52

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.34928

Abstract: This article examines the linguistic-specific parameters of language means for expressing modal valies of necessity and epistemic possibility in the Russian and Chinese languages. Particular attention is given to the analysis of quantitative and functional-semantic characteristics of language means for expressing modality in the Russian and Chinese languages from the comparative perspective. The goal of this research lies on examination of functionality of the means of objective and subjective modality within the Russian language reflected in the Chinese language. The research is based on the material of the user parallel corpus, which contains Russian and Chinese literary texts with translation, as well as on the results of student poll conducted for the purpose of determination of meta-representations of the native speakers on functionality of a number of linguistic units of the corresponding microfields. The results of comprehensive analysis demonstrate that the core and periphery of the functional-semantic fields of necessity and epistemic possibility in the Russian and Chinese languages are similar with regards to the types of linguistic units that comprise the field (the core zone consists of modal verbs and modal words); however, the allocation of elements within the field differs. From the functional-semantic perspective, the author determines a group of modal values with accurate cross-lingual correspondences and a group of words with different meanings, as well as indicates the semantic lacunas. The survey results of the native speakers confirm varying degree of consolidation of the opinion on the value of modality markers.
Kriuchkova E.S. - The Russian and Ukrainian Language Reforms of the 1917 - 1921. Causes and Consequences pp. 43-48

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28682

Abstract: In her research Kryuchkova analyzes the spelling reforms that took place in Russia and Ukraine in 1917 and 1921. The subject of the research is the differences and similarities in the language reforms of the early XXth century. An important feature of that period is that a great variety of sources including political processes influenced the development of the new language standard. Thus, the Russian spelling reform was influenced by the policy of the Russian Empire and then RSFSR while Ukrainian spelling reform was influenced by the policy of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The main research method used by the author is the comparison, the author has also applied the methods of idealisation, analysis and synthesis. Earlier researches have never compared Russian and Ukrainian language reforms of 1917 and 1921. The main conclusion of the research is that despite the fact that they both happened in the same period of time, these two reforms did not coincide. The author has also discovered that even though both reforms are usually thought to be conducted by the communist party, they were initially developed by the ideological opponents of communists.
Altukhova O. - Conceptual Metaphors with the TEXT Source Domain in Modern English Lyrics pp. 43-50

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30522

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of metaphoric structures in popular culture. The matter under research is the linguistic representation of conceptual metaphors that involve the TEXT source domain in popular English lyrics. In her research Altukhova analyzes the most commonly used metaphoric analogies with the TEXT source domain represented in English poems earlier. She also specifies the frequency, specific structure and functions of lyrics as well as describes the most typical lexical unit that verbalize a group of metaphors under study. Altukhova also discovers possible methods of metaphor modification at the conceptual and lexical levels. To analyze the research data, the author has used methods offered by George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and Terner within the framework of the theory of conceptual metaphor. The scientific novelty is caused by the fact that the author studies the TEXT concept as the source domain and source of metaphorization that has never been studied thoroughly by Russian or foreign linguistics. This is also the first research to analyze texts that refer to popular culture and orient at non-verbal means. The main conclusions of the research are the following: conceptual metaphors with the TEXT source domain are quite popular in English lyrics and have a stable conceptual scheme, however, their linguistic representation has a high degree of lexical variability as a result of introduction of new lexical units and transformation of stable combinations. 
Alhaded H.H., Shavtikova A., Merai M. - Possibility of using a cognitive approach to directive speech acts: case of study of English and Arabic academic discourses pp. 43-54

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37801

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the role and degree of use of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The article provides an overview of modern theoretical research in the field of speech acts, and also substantiates the use of a cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The subject of this article is the functioning of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The object is the study of directive speech acts on the example of English and Arabic academic discourses using a cognitive approach. Descriptive, contextual, comparative-historical methods are used as the main research methods. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The study of ways to prevent these communication failures is an important component in building global interaction between communication participants both in linguistics and in the world as a whole. Therefore, the relevance of the study of the use of the cognitive approach lies in the need of society to build adequate interaction at various levels. As a result of the conducted research, it is proved that the use of a cognitive approach in the analysis of directive speech acts helps to reduce the number of communicative failures of representatives of the English-speaking and Arabic-speaking academic discourses. The research materials can be used in universities of the humanities in the study of special courses in comparative linguistics and intercultural communication, as well as the data obtained can be applied in the process of educational and methodological activities in the creation of specialized textbooks.
Alekseeva O.A. - Syntactic peculiarities of Turkish news materials pp. 44-60

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.34108

Abstract: This article reviews the syntactic peculiarities of Turkish news materials determined as result of analysis of the most reputable Turkish online news sources, such as Anadolu Ajansı, Hürriyet, Cumhuriyet etc. The key syntactic peculiarity of news materials is the direct order of words in sentences (SOV) without inversion. News reports usually represent a set of simple sentences, which are complicated by the extended sentence parts (most commonly with forms ending with -DIğI/-AcAğI) and homogeneous parts of the sentence. News materials are characterized by the use of simple sentences, in which the subject is expressed in forms ending with -DIğI/-AcAğI or the verb name ending with -mA, while the predicate is in passive voice. Extended participial clauses with a semi-predicative meaning, pronounced present or past participle ending with -An. The subordinate word of such participial clauses is generally the subject of the superordinate clause. The article examines the formats of direct and indirect speech, lists the most commonly used phrases that introduce direct speech, as well as provides the examples of sentences that contain both direct and indirect speech. The author also cites statistical data on the prevalence of sentences containing direct and indirect speech in news materials. The article lists grammatical structures typical for sociopolitical discourse. These include constructions with the verb ‘bulunmak’ (to have), the peculiarity of which lies in replacement of verbs such as ‘ifade etmek’ (to express), “çağırmak” (to call) , etc. by compound nominal structures in locative case, which forms a single-affix ezāfe with the previous phrase and the verb ‘bulunmak’ (to have). Construction is -DIğI görüşünde or -AcAğI görüşünde.is commonly uses alongside constructions with the verb ‘bulunmak’.
Mutalov R.O., Vagizieva N.A. - Means of expression of evidentiality in Kadar language pp. 45-51

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.31032

Abstract: This article is devoted to the research of the category of evidentiality in the Kadar language. The authors meticulously examine such aspects of this category as the problem of grammatical structuring of evidentiality forms, means of formation of these forms and meanings they express. The goals of this article include determining the existing verb forms with evidentiality, research of their key meanings and means of forming, as well as determining the present peculiarities on the basis of comparison of Kadar data with the evidential forms of literary language and other Dargin idioms. It is established that in the Kadar language there are three functioning grammemes of evidentiality category – experiential, inferential and presumptive, which are formed by attached of auxiliary verbs to the forms of gerund. This work provides their detailed characteristics. The results of this work can be used in research of evidentiality in other cognate languages.
Dmitriev A.V., Kolesnikova A.O. - Thematic description of telescopic lexicon in light of anthropocentric lexicography (material for ideographic bilingual dictionary) pp. 45-64

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.32493

Abstract: The subject of this research is the principles and peculiarities of the development of bilingual thematic dictionary of telescopic words with consideration of structural and semantic peculiarities on various lexicographic levels. The goals consists in the description of dictionary entry as a fragment of the developed thematic bilingual dictionary of telescopic words. There are yet no analogues to such interlingual dictionary. The theoretical importance of this research consists in determination of lexicographic parameters and substantiation of principles essential for development of the structure of bilingual thematic dictionary of telescopic words. The scientific novelty lies the suggestion of particular techniques of dictionary description of telescopic units in the bilingual dictionary that contribute to improvement of theoretical and practical framework, the general lexicography, as well as its special section – neography. Analysis is conducted on structural levels of the dictionary (mega-, macro-, and micro-), taking into account its ideographic specificity. The article explores different ways of translating the telescopic units of the dictionary using the examples of neologisms of the various thematic sections. The author provides the examples of dictionary entries based on the material of modern telescopic words.
Grudeva E.A. - The reflection of Russian mentality in proverbs (on the example of proverbs with the semantic component “summer” and “autumn”) pp. 45-55

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.33990

Abstract: The subject of this research is the interrelation between mentality and language. Mentality is conventionally understood as subconscious, archetypal manifestation of the system of values and attitudes of ethnolinguistic consciousness. National mentality is traced in the process of studying the semantics of idioms and paroemias of the language. The genre of proverbs, due to its semantic peculiarities, is characterized by various means of expression of mental groups, which corresponds to their cognitive-pragmatic status. Idioms and paroemias play the role of representatives of the mental characteristics of the ethos, which contribute to preservation of cultural distinctness and affect the mentality of native speakers, lead to the behavior stereotypical to the Russian culture and allow assessing life situations from the perspective of stereotypes. The main conclusion of the analysis conducted on paremiological units indicates that national mentality traits reflected in proverbs and idioms are associated with certain stereotypes in perception of the surrounding world, assessment of life situations, reconsideration of the essence of the phenomena, response to the ongoing transformations and events. All of the listed above fully corresponds to the main edificatory, didactic function of paroemias and idioms, as well as the key purpose of proverbs – enculturation of a person in the process of familiarizing with behavioral norms and riles, recommendations, dogmas and basic stereotypical models of perception of the surrounding worlds and the phenomena occurring therein.
Wang L. - Manifestation of the attitude of V. O. Klyuchevsky to the educational reform of Peter the Great (based on the course of “Russian History” by V. O. Klyuchevsky) pp. 45-54

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.34396

Abstract: This article discusses the peculiarities of manifestation of the category of the author’s image in working with historical sources in V. O. Klyuchevsky course of “Russian History”. Major attention is given to the educational reform during the reign of Peter the Great. Category of the author’s image as a personal attitude of the author to object of depiction, which indicates the beginning of the text, was studied primarily on the material of literary texts in the works of such scholars as V. V. Vinogradov, L. A. Novikov, M. L. Novikova. But is has explanatory potential to the scientific text. I. I. Baklanova gave a general principle for the analysis and identification of the author's image in the scientific text; however, this category has not been studied in a specific work of scientific style. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the category of the author's image in the scientific course of “Russian History” is examined for the first time. The article employs the method of philological analysis of the text; examines the use of linguistic means as a form of expressing the author's thoughts. Comparative method is applied for juxtaposition of the initial idea with the acquired result, as well as for tracing the causal link to determine correlation of the content with the author's idea. It is established that the image of the historian is represented by contrariety of the initial concept of the reform, reflected in the dialogue between the Tsar and Patriarch Adrian, and its actual implementation indicated in the quotations from the decrees (1713–1723). Category of the author's image also manifests in linguistic means used to characterize the selected facts. The obtained results can be used in such university courses as “Philological text analysis”, “Stylistics of the Russian language”, “Russian language and speech culture”. The article reveals that V. O. Klyuchevsky expressed objection to the educational reform of Peter the Great.
Antonova T.V. - Extralinguistic Factors and Their Influence on the Translation of Culture-Bound Items pp. 46-52

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2017.4.21735

Abstract: The author of the article examines extralinguistic conditions in the translation of culture-bound items from English into Russian. They are dealt as the subject of the research. The aim of this work is to systematize and clarify extralinguistic factors. The novelty of the research is an attempt to analyze the interaction between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in the process of the translation of culture-bound words (the evidence — from the press). To reach the goal we are to apply the comparative method of linguistic study. The author reveals the content of such factors as temporary, sustainable, regional, cross-cultural and social information. The author comes to the conclusion that the balance of the factors depends on their interaction, but their explicit expression depends on a particular speech situation. So, any newspaper text is composed so as to inform its reader about the latest events. That is why this factor determines the process of translation Thus, extra-linguistic factors should be considered from the point of view of the things discussed in a speech or piece of writing and from the point of view of the communicative situation as well. The theoretical relevance of the research relates to the translation model for culture-bound items while the practical relevance relates to proper translation of socio-cultural information.
Anikyan T. - Prosodic means of creating expressiveness in the rhetoric of United States televised presidential debates (on the example of Hillary Clinton's speech in 2016) pp. 47-54

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35917

Abstract:  This article reviews the expressive potential of prosodic means in Hillary Clinton's speech at the 2016 United States presidential debates. Special attention is given to the discursive characteristics of the text, such prosodic parameters as pitch variation, pausing, pace and intensity, as well as use of word accent. The author employs the method of auditory analysis of politician’s speech, and dwells on its certain fragments, which illustrate the effectiveness of suprasegmental modifications of speech for achieving an optimal rhetorical effect. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for comprehensive assessment of political discourse as a variation of communication with high manipulative potential. The scientific novelty consists in viewing the expressive capabilities of prosodic means in political discourse in light of extralinguistic factors that characterize the communicative situation, as well as in analysis of their functionality within a specific type of political discourse – the agonal genre, which brings its adversarial nature to the fore. The acquired results demonstrate the expressive potential of modifications of the key prosodic parameters in oral speech, and can be implemented in teaching the principles of analysis of political discourse texts from the perspective of expressive syntax, prosody, stylistic, and rhetoric to students majoring in philology. 
Anikyan T. - Expressive means of prosody in the address “On the State of the Country” (on the material of the speech given by Barack Obama in 2014) pp. 47-53

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.36088

Abstract: This article examines the expressive potential of prosodic means based on the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress delivered by the President of the United States Barack Obama “On the State of the Country”. Special attention is given to the discursive characteristics of the text and the peculiarities of communicative situation, including such prosodic parameters as pausation, tone and intensity, word accents, as well as capabilities of the syllabic consonants. The author employs auditive and instrumental methods for the analysis of speech fragments of the politician, which illustrates the effectiveness of modifications of suprasegmental speech characteristics for achieving the optimal rhetorical effect in the information-enriched text. The relevance of this research is defined by need for comprehensive analysis of the political discourse and techniques used to influence the audience. The scientific novelty lies in consideration of the expressive capabilities of prosodic means in the political texts with consideration of various extralinguistic factors, as well as within the specific type of political discourse – orientation genre as a speech of information-prescriptive nature. The acquired results demonstrate the expressive potential of suprasegmental means in oral speech, and can be implemented in teaching students-philologists the principles of analysis of political texts from the perspective of expressive syntax, prosody, cognitive syllabics, and rhetoric.
Shagbanova K.S. - Binary opposition heaven-earth in Russian and English pp. 47-56

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43757

EDN: UQHJCE

Abstract: In the article, the author explores the semantic behavior of representatives of such fundamental concepts as "heaven" and "earth" in the Russian and English language spaces. This binary opposition, despite its ancient origin, demonstrates both interaction with relevant concepts and a tendency to nominate phenomena of a universal or particular nature. The pragmatics of each lexeme is determined not only by the realization of connotative potential, but also by the projection of actual meanings on a fragment of the universe. It should be noted the priority of differential characteristics that verbalize the functionally demanded spectrum of the semantic field. Each semantic derivative of the sky lexeme is characterized by a set of implication connections motivated by hypo- and hyperonymy phenomena. In the logical and meaningful space of English linguoculture, the concept of "sky" implements the values of the visible space above the earth and the equivalent-the religious name paradise, which illustrates the unification of each case of the development of the original meaning by a sign of height, location in the supramundane space. The linguosemiotic variation of the concept of "earth" in the English language picture of the world is associated with its functioning in topographic, legal and agricultural discourses. In the conceptual sphere of the Russian language, the mental unit of the sky provides information of a religious, spatial, physical or climatic nature, while the earth nominates phenomena of an astronomical, administrative-territorial, linguistic, ideal nature. This behavior of each of the pairs allows us to talk about nomination processes motivated by understanding the processes and phenomena of the universe through the prism of naive consciousness, as well as the desire of the language to use existing lexical units to express as many meanings as possible through association mechanisms.
Polonskaya O.Y. - Metaphorical modeling of migration: on the material of the U. S. mass media pp. 48-54

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.3.30050

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of metaphorical peculiarities of representation of migration in the U. S. press. The object of this research is the metaphorical perception of migrants and migration in mass media language of the United States. The subject is the metaphorical models structuring the concept sphere of “migration” in mass media language of the United States. The goal of this work consists in analysis of the peculiarities of metaphorical modeling of migration in the U. S. political media discourse. The relevance is defined by insufficient coverage of metaphorical perception of the migration processes by modern mass media of the United States. The research is based on the cognitive approach, according to which metaphor is a fundamental phenomenon in perception of the surrounding environment. Study of the linguistic material and description of metaphorical model allowed determining the attitude towards migrants at the current stage of development of the U. S. society. The analysis of conceptual metaphors was conducted via continuous sampling from digital versions of the well-known newspapers “The New York Times”, “USA Today” and “The Wall Street Journal”. The author highlights the three main groups of metaphors: signifying natural phenomena and disasters; military; and goods-commodity.
Gramma D.V., Filistova N.Y. - Conceptual Basis of Sports Discourse (the Case Study of English Newspaper Articles) pp. 49-60

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28789

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of sports discourse. Verbalization of various concepts on the example of English-language newspaper articles is considered as a subject of the study. The aim of the research is to study the conceptual basis of sports discourse. In the process of analyzing the conceptual basis of sports discourse, the features of the conceptual sphere of sports discourse were considered; the concepts of sports discourse were highlighted; lexical units representing the conceptual sphere of sports discourse were selected and analyzed. The research is formed by such research methods as definitional analysis, elements of conceptual analysis, as well as a statistical method. The subconcepts of the concept “Sport” were described in the article. Having considered the verbal implementation of subconcepts in sports discourse, the authors found out which subconcepts are dominant.
Varfolomeeva Y.N., Lenkhoboeva T.R. - Specific Features of Media Texts (on the Basis of Journalistic Texts of Online Newspaper VSGUTU-Online) pp. 50-56

DOI:
10.7256/2409-8698.2017.1.20827

Abstract: The article discusses the features of journalistic texts on the Internet. The authors have actualized the phenomenon of such a media text which includes the verbal layer close to the traditional format and non-verbal layer that consists of illustrations, infographics, and audio-video materials. In the course of their research the authors have analyzed the site of the student newspaper "VSGUTU-online», its structure, design, and media texts which have been published in the student newspaper. Based on the material represented that included more than 50 articles, the authors cover such characteristics of media texts as its compositional structure, lexical and syntactic structure, availability of multimedia, interactive and hypertextual tools. When working on the article, the authors have used the methods of linguistic observation and description as well as the method of the language analysis. On the Internet media texts acquire new features and therefore becomes a 'unique phenomenon' as some researchers call it. Firstly, mediatexts consist of interchangeable layers, verbal and non-verbal. Secondly, there is an evident change in the verbal 'traditional' layer of the text, first of all, due to transformation of the textual structure which is required to become more fractured. Thirdly, a separate role is given to multimedia, interactive and hypertextual tools. 
Matveeva A.A. - Pluperfect Tense in the Sense of Perfective Aspect and Punctual Past (the Case Study of French Texts of the 16th - 21st Centuries) pp. 51-58

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.26309

Abstract:  The subject of the research is the semantic features of the pluperfect tense that could be found in French texts of the 16th - 21st centuries. In her research Matveeva analyzes the perfective aspect, punctual past and context parameters that are necessary for implementation of these features. Such parameters include particularities of quoted texts in general, for example, dynamics of the shift in timing templates, syntactic features of text fragments; nature of lexical markers, for example, adjunct of time and place. Illustrative matter is grouped in accordance with the intensity of perfective aspect in ascending order. To analyze empiric material, the author has used the psychosystemic theory of verbal time interpreted in the functional terms. The author of the article studies the tense taking into account psychological particularities of personal psychological time. The main results of the research describe the context parameters necessary for imlementation of the perfective aspect and punctual past. The perfective aspect requires the order of verbs in a sentence to follow the order of the events and the verb in the pluperfect tense must logically relate to the following verb. Punctual past is different because in this case the verb in the pluperfect tense does not logically relate to the subsequent verb. The frequency of cases of the perfective sense and punctual past of the pluperfect tense increases during the period under study. 
Fomicheva A.A. - Lexical polysemy and homonymy in the Middle High German language in light of the problematic of lexical synonymy and lexical-semantic analysis pp. 51-62

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.8.36311

Abstract: Based on the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language, this article reviews the problem of lexical polysemy in relation to the phenomena of homonymy and synonymy, as well as the problem of structural description of lexis. The need for comprehensive examination of polysemous lexemes in the Middle High German language, which includes structural analysis of the meaning of polysemous word and the lexical-thematic group and/or synonymic row it belongs to, well as the study of contextual implementation of the meanings of polysemous word, is substantiated by the principle of diffusivity of meanings of polysemous word that complicates comprising dictionary definitions and creates difficulties for the researcher in distinguishing the meanings of a polysemous word and separating polysemy from homonymy. Based on the example of lexical-thematic group for denomination of edged weapon in the Middle High German Language, the author demonstrates the appropriateness of using lexical-semantic analysis for establishing systemic relations between the analyzed lexemes, as well as postulates the importance of the context in determination of the structure of polysemous word. Discussion of the given examples from the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language is accompanied by the author’s clarifications to the dictionary definitions of the lexemes under review. The conclusion is made on feasibility of the authorial approach towards detection of the discrepancies between lexicographic data and use of the lexeme in the texts written in the Middle High German language. The author also believes that this research is valuable from the perspective of lexicographic practice.
Sychugova L.A., Evlasev A.P. - Modeling of conceptual metaphor in the poetic discourse (based on the poetry of L. Cohen) pp. 53-57

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.6.31298

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the poetic discourse in cognitive linguistics, as well as consideration of the problem of modeling of conceptual metaphor based on the poetry of L. Cohen in the period from 1976 to 2016. It is also relevant to explore the cognitive metaphorical system of such type of discourse. The article contains the analysis of modeling of the conceptual metaphor on the grounds of the most frequent spheres-sources and most common to them spheres-objectives in the poetry of L. Cohen, which allows determining the individual peculiarities of the poetic style of L. Cohen. The works of G. Lakoff, M. Johnson, V. A. Maslova, Z. D. Popova, I. A. Sterin served as methodological framework for this research. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that in the poetic discourse metaphor manifests as a crucial means for the creation of original images that reflect the author’s poetic outlook language picture of the world juxtaposed to the everyman’s worldview. Poetry of L. Cohen represents unique source of metaphors for studying the cultural concepts of modernity. The application of contemporary theories allows determining the individualism of his poetic style. The exploration of linguistic distinctness of his poetry provides interesting material for consideration of language and ethnic pictures of the world.
Grekhneva L.V. - Implementation of the functionality of periphrasis in language and speech pp. 53-60

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.34947

Abstract: The subject of this research is the functionality of periphrastic expressions: an attempt is made to revise the existing functional typology of periphrasis and reflect the key language and speech functions therein. Periphrasis as a multifunctional linguistic means is widely used in the texts of different styles and genres; the author indicates its diverse functional aspects. Analysis of the literature on the topic demonstrated the ambiguity of description of both, the essential characteristics of periphrasis and its functional classification. In this regard, it is relevant to generalize and systematize the existing in science classifications, outlining the key functional aspects and their specific speech implementation. The main result of the conducted research consists in determination of the three primary functions of periphrasis – nominative, descriptive and expressive. Namely these functions are the basic, and reflect the key essential characteristics of periphrasis. Each function includes subfunctions, which are their incidental manifestations. The author reveals some functional aspects of periphrasis that are not autonomous, but derivatives from the selected basic functions. Thus, the euphemistic and synonymic functions are considered the derivatives from the nominative function of periphrasis; explanatory function – manifestation of the descriptive; evaluative, expressive, game, and manipulative functions are inseparable from the periphrastic expression.
Van N. - To the question of the name of a text field pp. 55-65

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.3.32656

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the problem of the choice of name for a text semantic field formed within a literary text. The goal consists in determination of factors that hinder or preclude the naming of a text field. The subject of this research is the text semantic field observed particularly in the novels of F. M. Dostoevsky “The Idiot” and I. S. Turgenev “Home of the Gentry”. The author establishes that the text semantic field is closely connected to the contexts where elements of the field can be equitable, which complicates determination of the core and periphery of a text field, namely its name. In the course of research, the author applied the methods of analysis of scientific literature, interpretation of literary text as an aesthetic system, and method of semantic analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to discuss the question of difficulties of naming a text field using the materials of the novels “The Idiot”  by F. M. Dostoevsky and “Home of the Gentry” by I. S. Turgenev. The conclusion is made that in majority of cases a text field can be named by the most frequent element therein. At the same time, the name “Idiot” in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel does not fully reveal the content of a text field. In some instances it is impossible to name a text field (as in the novel “Home of the Gentry” by I. S. Turgenev), since elements of the field deal with the equitable mutual implication.
Makashova V. - Structural model of the concept of "education" pp. 55-64

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37891

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the concept of "education". This concept is fundamental for the Russian consciousness, since it is inextricably linked with the generally accepted system of moral coordinates. The purpose of this study is to build a structural model of the concept of "education" and determine its type. The solution of the following tasks contributes to the achievement of this goal: to systematize the definitions of the concept as a key category of cognitive linguistics, to consider approaches to the structure of the concept developed by representatives of various directions in cognitive linguistics (cultural, linguistic, logical, semantic-cognitive, philosophical-semiotic directions), to identify and describe the structural models of the concept. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is for the first time a segment-field model of the concept of "education" is proposed. The study was conducted using the method of free associative experiment. In the course of the study, the hierarchical relations core-periphery of the concept of "education" were described, as well as the attitudes of consciousness arising from its content. It is revealed that the concept of "education" is segmented, since the basic and additional cognitive layers that make up the scope of this concept surround strictly defined segments. The results of the study can be used in lexicographic practice in the compilation of associative dictionaries, as well as in courses of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology and psycholinguistics.
Pishcherskaia E.N. - Creolized text as an object of study in linguistics pp. 55-65

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40748

EDN: ZHKUAD

Abstract: Linguistics as a science is constantly developing and expanding its boundaries, including in its competence all new objects of research. One of such objects is a creolized text, which is a special kind of communicative phenomenon consisting of signs of different semiotic systems. Creolized text is actively used in various spheres of public life, including advertising, media, art, education, etc. The article is devoted to the creolized text as an object of study in linguistics. The object of research in this article is a creolized text. The purpose of this article is to consider the creolized text as an object of study in linguistics through the analysis of published studies. The methodological basis and material of the study were the classical works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of text theory, paralinguistics, semiotics, communicative linguistics and linguoculturology, as well as recent studies, the object of study of which were creolized or polycode texts. The author defines the concept of a creolized text, highlights the specific characteristics of a creolized text compared to a single-code text, describes the main scientific approaches to the analysis of a creolized text and research methods. The article presents an overview of classical scientific works devoted to the analysis of creolized text, as well as studies published in recent years. The author concludes that the creolized text is a complex and multifaceted object of study in linguistics, which reflects the trends in the development of modern society and culture and allows expanding the boundaries of linguistic knowledge and understanding of language as a means of communication.
Lastochkina E.G. - Lexical homonyms in the Mari language. pp. 55-61

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68994

EDN: FBRQIS

Abstract: The subject of the study is lexical homonyms in the modern Mari language. The material of the scientific work was the data of the 10-volume dictionary of the Mari language, the Mari-Russian dictionary, the author's card file, compiled by selecting materials from Mari works of art, oral folk art and periodicals. The aim of the work is to distinguish lexical homonyms from other groups of homonyms and to determine their conceptual and semantic relationship. At the first stage, a selection of words that belong to the category of lexical homonyms was carried out. At the next stage of the study, all lexical material was analyzed, this group of homonyms was divided into categories, and a quantitative analysis of lexical homonyms was performed. The research method was the analysis of homonyms based on lexicographic sources. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the appeal to a wide range of works and the multidimensional nature of the study of the issue. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that lexical homonyms in the Mari language are analyzed for the first time. The result of the study lies in the conclusion that lexical homonyms are the most common group of homonyms in the Mari language, they can be divided into full and incomplete lexical homonyms, as well as substantive, verbal, adjectival, participial, adverbial and several examples with imitative words were distinguished by their relation to parts of speech. Lexical homonymy occurs among words of the same parts of speech. At the same time, two or more lexical homonyms (full or partial) have an absolute identity of the sound and spelling complex.
Dmitrieva E.I., Grubin I.V. - An overview of approaches towards studying railway terminology as an element of language for specific purposes (on the material of English language) pp. 56-63

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34888

Abstract: The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying railway terminology as the language for specific purposes. Transport and namely railway terminology holds an important place in the terminological system of English language. The author explores the basic interpretations of the concept of “language for specific purposes”, as well as such approaches towards studying railway terminology of English language as semantic, structural and etymological. Semantic approach consists in classification of terms by semantic groups. Structural approach analyzes the number and nature of components that comprise terminological units in this area of LSP. Etymological approach reviews the origin and evolution of the meaning of terminological units. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive description of the approaches towards studying language for specific purposes on the materials of professional field “railway transport”. Research methodology includes the analysis of scientific literature, analysis of dictionary definitions, comparative method, and diachronic analysis. The conclusion was made that the same approaches are applicable to the analysis of railway terminology and to the analysis of language for specific purposes of any other professional sphere. At the same time, systematicity and hierarchical pattern of the acquired classifications indicated a high level of formedness and systematization of terminology under review.  
Xiao D. - Specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese worldviews pp. 56-65

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36435

Abstract: The goal of this research is to determine the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the cultural-linguistic space of Russia and China. The article explores the peculiarities of the representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese folk tales as the texts that reflect mentality and folk traditions. In the context of dynamic globalization processes, increase of migration processes, and development of the new transcultural linguistic personality, which encompasses ethno-linguocultural distinctness of both countries, the author determines the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese languages within the framework of lexical-semantic space of phraseology. Special attention is given to synergy of the linguistic and cultural worldview. This is the first comparative analysis conducted on the topic that allows revealing the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese worldviews, which defines the novelty of this work. It is proven that the reflection of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the worldview of both nations (Russian and Chinese) was largely affected by folk and historical tradition. In the Chinese worldview, a senior person is much regarded, while in the Russian language it is more commonly to come across such representations as worsening of mental and physical abilities, as well as uselessness of senior people.
Skripka V. - The functioning of the pronoun òü (òîòü) in Russian business writing of the XIV-XV centuries. pp. 56-65

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38138

Abstract: The article examines the functions performed by the demonstrative pronoun òü (òîòü) in business texts of the XIV-XV centuries, written on the territory of the Moscow Principality, Novgorod and Pskov lands. Examples of usages were analyzed and combined on the basis of what function demonstrative pronouns have in each case (anaphoric, articular, determinative function (word-substitute subordinate clause), cataphoric). In the case of an anaphora, an analysis of the antecedent was performed — an expression naming the object, person or situation to which the pronoun refers. Particular attention is paid to the syntactic role of pronouns — substantives, attributives and substantive attributives — and how it affects their use. As a result of the study, three main functions that the pronoun in question performs were identified: anaphoric, articular and determinative function. The specifics of how the syntactic role of pronouns affects its use in an anaphoric function have been clarified: for example, substantives usually refer to objects and situations, but are practically not used to refer to people. Substantive attributes, on the contrary, most often serve to refer to the previously mentioned people and in just one case refer to objects. The first reliable examples of pronouns in the articular function, in our opinion, can be attributed to the XV century. Part of the article is devoted to what features pronouns have in the articular function and how it can be distinguished from anaphora. In the entire corpus of texts considered, only three examples of the cataphoric function of the pronoun were found, and the pronoun òîòü in the deictic function was not recorded at all.
Kartavova P. - Analysis of the translation of constructions such as "If the disease is not treated" into English pp. 57-68

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.36652

EDN: JCVCMI

Abstract: The subject is the strategies of text reduction in the Russian-English translation of the construction of the type "If the disease is not treated". The purpose of the work is to identify relevant strategies for text reduction in the Russian-English translation of this structure. At the first stage, the analysis of textbooks on translation and textbooks of English grammar was carried out, after which an empirical base of research was created – examples of the translation of this syntactic model from the NCRE were selected. At the next stage of the study, the translation of examples from a parallel subcorpus is analyzed, as a result of which the main strategies of the Russian-English translation of the structure are identified. Then the search for examples of the studied design was carried out on the website of the President of Russia. At the last stage, more than 30 hours of official speeches of Russian politicians and their interpretation into English were analyzed. The study showed that this structure is not considered in translation textbooks, Google Translate does not recognize the "If the disease is not treated" construction in most cases, and that translators almost do not use the "If untreated" model in translation. The novelty of the study is that the Russian-English translation of structures of the type If the disease is not treated is considered in the work for the first time. The results of the study make it possible to study translation strategies and identified text reduction strategies when translating this syntactic model. The results of the research work can be used in writing term papers, final qualifying papers and master's theses on related problems.
Mutalov R.O. - The systems of demonstrative pronouns and derivative adverbs in the Dargin languages pp. 57-63

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.12.37206

Abstract: This article is examines the demonstrative pronouns and derivative adverbs in a number of the Dargin languages and dialects. The Dargin languages have a rich deictic system that helps the native speakers to navigate in the severe conditions of mountain terrain, and found its reflection in pronouns and spatial adverbs. Recent changes observed in the traditional way of life of highlanders, along with the migration processes, lead to extinction of this layer of lexicon. The problem of early documentation and research of locative adverbs retains its relevance. The goal of this article lies in comparative analysis of the systems of demonstrative pronouns and spatial adverbs in different Dargin idioms. For achieving the set goal, the article employs descriptive methods and methods of field linguistics. This article is first to conduct the comparative analysis of locative adverbial form, which defines its scientific novelty. As a result, description is given to the deictic systems of pronouns and adverbs in the Akushin, Urakhin, Kajtak, Sanzhin and Itsari idioms. It is established that most Dargin idioms feature two forms of demonstrative pronouns, which differ depending on the visibility or vastness of the object. Various affixes allow forming spatial adverbs that can function in one of the local cases – lative, directive, essive, or elative. The obtained results can be valuable in preparing comparative-historical grammar of the Dargin languages.
Shatokhina V.S. - Means of realization of language game the Swahili language paroemias pp. 59-70

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.10.31319

Abstract: The object of this article is the language game in its various manifestations. The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language, in which the author attempts to trace the linguistic phenomenon. Special attention is given to various means of language game at different language levels. The goal is to determine whether it is possible to interpret the term “language game” in a broad sense, as well as the extent of application of such linguistic tool in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article explores different perspectives upon the concept of language game. Analysis is conducted on the Swahili paroemias that demonstrate different ways of language game. The survey results carried out among the native speakers of Swahili are presented. This article is the first to analyze the ways of realization of language game in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language on the various linguistic levels. The author demonstrates the examples from the corpus of Swahili paroemias, which were translated into the Russian language for the first time. The conclusion is made that language game takes place not only in the written texts, but also in folklore, which indicates that alongside a writer or a linguist, the author of the language game can also be a native speaker. It is underlined hat versatility is also characteristic to the Swahili language paroemias.
Parfenenko E.N. - Conceptual representation of mercy in legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries (based on the English-language and Russian-language materials) pp. 61-74

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.7.33332

Abstract: The subject of this research is the semantics of English and Russian lexemes that represent the conceptual component of the concept of mercy in both languages. The goal of this work consists in determination of similarities and differences of the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English and Russian legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries. The concept of mercy was selected due to insufficient examination of its verbalization in the comparative linguistics. In the course of this research, the author applied comparative method, semantic analysis, quantitative method, and method of modeling, Based on the legal texts of Great Britain and Russia of the XVII – XVIII centuries, the author determines the composition of core lexemes and their synonyms, which are capable of resembling the conceptual characteristics of mercy in the compared languages. The scientific novelty consists in the establishment of similarity and difference of the conceptual characteristics of mercy in the Russian and English legal texts of a certain period of time. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was revealed that in the English texts of that time, the notional component of the concept represents the core lexemes and synonyms “grace”, “mercy”, “reprieve”, “forgiveness”, “indulgence” that are the synonyms of core lexemes, while in the Russian texts this is the core lexeme “mercy”, and its synonyms “grace”, “clemency”, “remission” and “forgiveness”. Comparison of composition of the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English and Russian legal texts of the XVII – XVIII centuries illustrated that they had more differences. Thus, the conceptual attributes of mercy in the English text, understanding of forgiveness as an act of mercy, grace, or  manifestation of reprieve from a king or queen; or mercy as an abolition of punishment, benevolence of God, act of leniency and forgiveness for an offence. The conclusion is also made on similarity of the compared languages in perception of mercy as an act of grace from the ruler of the country.
Larina V.V., Shatilova L.M., Nifanova T.S. - Functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite}” in the Russian and French Literary texts pp. 61-68

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.34997

Abstract: The goal of this article consists in carrying out a semantic analysis of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth)/ Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French languages. Very few works in the modern linguistics are dedicated to comparative study of the concept of “Truth” in the Russian and French literary texts, which defines the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author is first to examine functionality of the synonyms of nuclear lexemes “Pravda (truth) / Verite” in the Russian and French literary texts, as well as to determine the composition of meanings and dynamics of their development in these lexemes. The article employs the comparative and quantitative methods, semantic analysis, and modeling. In both languages the concept of “Pravda (truth) / Verite” implies such notions as: “Honesty”, ”Fairness”, “Sincerity”, ”Reality”, “Veracity”. The conclusion is made that in the Russian and French literary texts, the linguocultural concept of “Truth” is reflected in its primary meaning – "Honesty”. The distinctive feature is the in the Russian texts it is used as “Veracity”, while in the French – as “Fairness”, which emphasizes the specificity of mentality reflected in the linguistic worldview.
Boyarkina A.A., Popova L.G., Shvedova I.V. - Symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts pp. 61-72

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.36202

Abstract: This article aims to determine similarities and differences in manifestation of symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and German lexemes representing the blue/light blue color in both languages. The symbolism of this color designation is selected due to its insufficient coverage in comparative linguistics. Based on the material of lexicographic sources, the author describes the dictionary meanings of the aforementioned lexemes, which resemble symbolism of the blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of similarities and differences of symbolism of the blue/light blue color on the example of the English and German publicistic texts, highlighting that in the English texts, the lexemes that denote these colors are used more often than in the German texts (English word ‘blue’; German word ‘blau’). The conducted analysis reveals that in the English publicistic texts, symbolism of the blue/light blue color is applied in creation of precedent names, as well as nominations of affiliation to a particular party, nobility, symbol of nobleness, purity, or despondency, suppression of wrongdoing. In the German publicistic texts, this color designated affiliation to the political party, or authorization document for foreign employees. Comparison of the content of lexemes ‘blue’ and ‘blau’ in the English and German texts reveals more similarities. However, in the English publicistic texts, this lexeme denotes the symbolism of sadness, despondency, or noble descent.
Isber R.I. - Functions of Geortonyms pp. 61-70

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.38540

EDN: LXCQCX

Abstract: The author considers geortonyms as one of the varieties of modern advertising names: the subject of the study were the names of art projects of the State Tretyakov Gallery of the last 5 years, the purpose of the study is the mechanisms and specifics of the implementation of the main functions of these commercial nominations. To analyze the structure, semantics and stylistic features of geortonyms from the point of view of their functioning, special linguistic methods of functional-structural and contextual-interpretative analysis, as well as the linguopragmatic method were used. Special attention is paid to the study of those components of the studied nominations, with the help of which an effective impact on the target audience is carried out. It is established that the names of art projects implement an informative function that allows identifying the named object, while simultaneously solving informative and educational tasks, as well as an advertising function that involves managing the attention of the target audience in combination with influencing its emotions. The ultimate goal of creating geortonyms of the studied group is the possibility of influencing the behavior of the addressee. The most significant elements of the structural organization of the analyzed nominations and the linguistic expressive means used in their creation, which contribute to the implementation of the specified set of functions, are identified. The obtained results contribute to the study of a specific group of modern advertising names – the names of art projects that play an important role in the modern cultural space. Among all types of names of festive events, this thematic group is the least studied, in this regard, the analysis of these names allows us to obtain new data on how to implement the main functions of geortonyms – this determines the scientific novelty of the study.
Skacheva N. - Semantics of the Concept of Justice in Russian and German Phraseological Units pp. 62-66

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.3.30059

Abstract: The subject of the research is the concept of justice in Russian and German phraseologial units. The aim of the research is to define semantic features of the concept in Russian and German phraseological units. The analysis of cultural concepts using the method of linguistic analysis of language units, their component structure, semantics and syntaxis gives a deeper insight into the spirit of nation, their behavioral patterns and thus allows to find the right way to communicate with them. In her research Skacheva has applied the methods of contextual and component analysis of phraseological units and discovers the following semantic features of phraseological units: 1. Axiological core of the concept of justice in Russian is 'truth'. 2. Axiological core of the concept of justice in German is 'law'. These results prove that the concept of justice has different semantic features in the Russian and German languages. Germans view it as legality or observance of social rules as well as relations between people or within society ('just' relations). Russians view justice more as truth. 
Xiao D., Yuan' L. - Linguistic markers of the dichotomy "youth vs. old age" in the news discourse pp. 62-70

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.2.37483

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the linguistic implementation of the dichotomy "youth vs. old age" in the modern Russian news discourse. The most important concepts for the national linguistic picture of the world are reflected in language, including in such a form of its implementation as news discourse. According to the definition of O.A. Pantina, "news discourse is a type of media discourse, the purpose of which is to inform and inform." News discourse at this stage of media development is implemented primarily in the space of the Internet. Ideas about youth and old age as defining anthropological qualities are very important for a linguistic personality. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it contains the components of the dichotomy "youth vs. for the first time in the framework of news discourse, the concepts are considered in opposition, as well as by the fact that an attempt is being made to establish the peculiarities of the perception of this dichotomy by a modern linguistic personality, reflected in the mass media. As a result, it was revealed that news publications are much more likely to tell about the actions of young people, give them assessments. As a result of such preferential attention, a general orientation of the media towards young people and the positioning of the priority of young age is created. The components of the dichotomy are interpreted differently by the linguistic personality: the concept of YOUTH is characterized mainly by a positive perception, while the concept of OLD AGE is mainly negative.
Olkhovskaia A. - Semantic parameterization of Russian synonymy pp. 63-78

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.27457

Abstract: The object of this research is the synonymic relations in the Russian language. Author pays great attention to the study of the systemic character of semantic contraposition of words similar in meaning, and refers to the search of such differential trains of synonyms that regularly organize contrapositions in synonymic row. According to the author, these parameters form universal semantic framework of the language, and participate in a complex cognitive work on aspectization of cognitive complexes. Full list of such parameters would allow modelling the semantic space and have a new view on the problem of organization of the mental lexicon. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the fact that this work is first to present the list of regular parameters that organize the semantic contrapositions of synonyms. Overall, the work describes and analyzes 16 parameters, among which are the following: subject, object, cause, goal, means, external manifestations, duration, scale, quantity, intensity, evaluation, relation, quality – state, part – whole, definiteness – non-definiteness and focus. In the course of the research, observations were made pertaining to organization of the synonymic row (presence of “carrying” and facultative contrapositions), as well as regarding the interconnection of parameters and contraposition with topical belonging of synonyms.  
Kolokol'nikova O.D. - The evolution of conceptual sphere of Robert Bridges pp. 63-74

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.3.35051

Abstract: The analysis of the individual writing style is a dynamically developing direction of modern linguistics. An integral part of individual style is the metaphorical system of the author. Metaphors are one of the most accurate markers of individual style, since they give a perspective on personality and mental worldview of the writer. The study of metaphor allows describing the nature of the imagery world of the author or his conceptual sphere. The subject of this research the evolution of the conceptual sphere of Robert Bridges, a prominent representative of English poetry of the late XIX – early XX centuries. The goal consists in elucidation of peculiarities of the author's conceptual sphere. The research methodology leans on the method of studying metaphor developed by N. V. Pavlovich. The article explores the questions of individual writing style, placing emphasis on the dynamics of imagery system of R. Bridges. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the mental worldview in each period of the author’s work, outlining the author's conceptual sphere, and describing the nature of transformations in the author's imagery system throughout his literary path. The acquires results demonstrate the characteristics of conceptual sphere of the author's early and mature lyrics, as well as determine stable and dynamic parameters of his mental worldview. It is established that the structure of conceptual sphere seeks to preserve the fundamentals of the author's view of the world, as well embraces the changes taking place in the poet's worldview.
Onufrieva E.S., Tresorukova I.V. - Discursive formulas of response in Modern Greek pp. 63-78

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69250

EDN: URDYKU

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the study of discursive formulas of response in Modern Greek. Discursive formulas of response, i.e. idioms which are used in speech as a reaction to what was previously said by the interlocutor and which reproduce some of the phonetic properties of the previous utterance, constitute one of the most language-specific layers of phraseology and pose a difficulty for a correct decoding and translation. The aim of the article is to describe the little-studied material of Modern Greek formulas of response, to determine their types and specific properties and to identify typical communicative situations in which they are used. The study is based on the instances of use of such structures in literary works, internet texts, movies and series in Modern Greek, along with data from dictionaries. Methods of structural, semantic, contextual and comparative analysis are used. The findings of the study provide evidence that in Modern Greek there exist structures corresponding to the definition of discursive formulas of response. Eight types of such structures can be distinguished based on the type of the initiating utterance: reactions to a question; reactions to an address; reactions to an expression of agreement or disagreement; reactions to an expression of opinion or an evaluation; reactions to a factual statement; reactions to a greeting, a farewell or a well-wish; reactions to an expression of gratitude; reactions to a directive. It is shown, however, that the key role in every case is played by the actual lexical make-up of the initiating utterances. From the authors’ point of view, what is particularly interesting for the comparative analysis of discursive formulas of response in different languages is the fact that some Modern Greek formulas of response have the form of a curse or of an ill-wish.
Borisova I.V. - Fulfillment of stylistic potential of the English-language advertising slogans in the Internet discourse pp. 66-81

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36239

Abstract: The article examines the English-language advertising content of modern Internet discourse (2010–2021). Leaning on the existing theoretical postulates of Russian and foreign scholars in the area of advertising business and taking into account the accumulated discursive practices of scientific research, the author analyzes the examples of the authentic English-language advertising slogans for the purpose of determining most common and effective stylistic techniques. The validity of the acquired results is substantiated by scientific rigor in selecting the methods of research that correlate with the goals and tasks set by the author: continuous sampling, contextual analysis, statistical data analysis, descriptive and comparative methods. The results presented as a diagram most vividly demonstrate the current trends in fulfilling stylistic potential of the English-language advertising slogans to influence the Internet communicants in the most effective way. The specifics of the online advertising discourse is defined by the fact that Internet is an experimental platform for language artistry of the communicants, who are able to appreciate the nonstandard linguistic intentions of the advertiser and their creative implementation. The author offers to continue the analysis of the stylistic component of the online advertising discourse, as well as trace the dependence of the success of realization of the tactics and strategies of the advertisers on the use of certain stylistic techniques in advertising slogans.
Polinichenko D., Burkhanova M.S. - Amateur Linguistic Concepts in Modern Russia (Based on the Example of Mikhail Zadornov's Creative Work) pp. 67-81

DOI:
10.7256/2306-1596.2013.2.693

Abstract: The article is devoted to historical and linguistic views of a famous Russian satirist Mikhail Zadornov. The authors of the article analyze the principles used by Zadornov in etymologization of Russian and English words. It is shown that the satirist's views are quite similar to moern Russian amateur linguistics.  This is true for both theorizing on linguistic topics (principles of etymologization, original views on morphology and lexical semantics, the priority of the Russian or the Proto-Slavic language and compassion towards dilettant language theories of XIX century) and his particular views, for example, his negative attitude to 'official science' and underlined patriotism. Despite obvious ifluence of other amateur authors on Zadornov's style (A. Dragunkin and S. Alekseev first of all), it is no doubt that he is the author at least of a part of his propagandized ideas. Zadorov plays an important role in modern Russian amateur linguisticsand should be really taken into account.   
Gurkova A.V. - The use of adjectives as a means of changing the time continuum within a literary text pp. 67-76

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.68684

EDN: XCSWGP

Abstract: The subject of the study is the exaggeration and understatement of time in modern English literary text through the use of adjectives. The object of the study are adjectives, which are presented as a means of depicting an exaggerated and understated time continuum. The author examines in detail the semantics of such lexemes as brief, quick, fleeting, ancient and slow. Particular attention is paid to their changes within the framework of combinations with other lexical units, during which time periods are stretched or narrowed. In this work, the author implemented the following methods: the method of component analysis, the method of contextual analysis, the method of linguostylistic analysis. The main conclusion of the study is the identification of the lexemes brief, quick, fleeting, ancient and slow as indicators of exaggeration and understatement of time within the English literary text of the fantastic genre. The use of the analyzed lexemes in different forms of degree of comparison of adjectives, as well as as part of comparative phrases, is noted. The above lexemes can express the speed of actions performed, and the time spent by the heroes is either deliberately drawn out or passes instantly. Also, hyperbolic time can be a way of reflecting the authenticity of the existence of peoples and the world as a whole. It is worth noting that some author's neologisms were identified.
Ilin A.A. - History and modification of modern cinematic vocabulary pp. 68-78

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43454

EDN: WGVXWQ

Abstract: This article is devoted to the diachronic modification of the cinematic vocabulary of the modern German language. The relevance of this study is determined by the insufficient study of the formation and development of German film lexicon in the XXI century, which contributes to new research on this issue in modern linguistics; as well as the need to study the process of formation and evolution of the German language film lexicon to identify linguistic and cultural features of this area of vocabulary.The purpose of the study is to determine the semantic features of the lexical units of the German language, representing the cinematic vocabulary in the framework of the historical development of the language. To achieve this research goal, the following tasks were set and solved: 1) the modern scientific linguistic literature has been studied and analyzed in order to form a theoretical basis for this research problem; 2) the semantic field of cinematography has been considered and the analysis of individual lexical units of German cinematography has been carried out and the modification of lexemes in the context of the historical development of the language in relation to modern trends has been described; 3) the nature of borrowing in the German language of film terms from other languages and the analysis of their structure is made. The article discusses the interpretation and definition of the semantic content of the German language film lexicon. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the grammatical and lexical modification of the German language film terminology based on the diachronic aspect is described for the first time in Russian linguistics, as well as the synchronic correlation of film vocabulary with modern trends is traced. As a result, it was revealed that the semantic group denoting the professions of performing skills in modern German is represented by the word composition of nouns, as a rule, one of which is a verbal noun. The German film language tends to use borrowed synonyms for the original word in communication, the vast majority of these borrowings came from Latin, French and English.
Zeng Y. - Justice / Injustice in the metaphors of Russian politicians pp. 69-76

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.2.35017

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of reflection of the ethical category of “Justice / Injustice” in the Russian linguistic consciousness, in the speeches of various politicians. The object of this research is the representation of situational and value characteristics of this concept in the political metaphors. Special attention is given to the choice of metaphorical images for discussing different political disputes and debates on the question of achieving justice. The author examines such aspects as the category of eventivity, category of value, and verbalization of the concepts of “Justice / Injustice” using metaphors in the political discourse. The scientific novelty consists in merging political values with political metaphors for comprehensive analysis of value orientations of a politician, as well as characteristics of the use of political metaphors in the axiological aspect. It is proven that the value system forms value-semantic space of language. The analysis of metaphorical images in the political media discourse allowed revealing the current Russian political situation, which correlates to the concept of “Justice” within the value system of the Russian people. The acquired results can be applies in teaching stylistics and pragmatics of the Russian language, special courses of cognitive linguistics, conceptual research in linguistics, linguoculturology, as well as some fundamentals of political linguistics.
Barebina N.S., Glyzina V.E., Leontyev A.A., Maksimova N.V. - The Study of Methods and Means of Intensity in Alarmist Discourses pp. 69-77

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.39578

EDN: HPFKOT

Abstract: The object of the study is linguistic facts in the form of a corpus of intensifiers functioning in modern Russian and English during the discussion of agendas related to the unstable situation in a particular sphere of society. The subject of this study is the semantic and grammatical structure of units functioning within the category of intensity. The authors consider in detail such an aspect of the topic as intensity and expressiveness in language, in this regard, an overview of the relevant works is given. Particular attention is paid to various linguistic ways of expressing the degree of intensification of meaning and the gradality of negative meaning. The data of disciplines related to the science of language on the practices of alarm broadcasting, the topics of alarmist agendas are also presented. The modern context supplies us with all new social practices that attract close attention from scientists investigating the mechanisms of influence on groups and masses of people. One of these phenomena was the spread of alarmist discourses that broadcast a state of increased anxiety or panic. These discourses, largely due to the network morphology of modern society, imperceptibly and uncontrollably enter the life of a modern person. Their systematic study by linguistic analysis has not yet been undertaken. At the same time, there are all prerequisites to consider which language mechanisms are involved in the formation of alarmist discourses in the aspect of speech intensification, which makes it different from the logical-rational content. The article argues the timeliness of studying the mechanisms and techniques of actualization of alarmism in connection with the possibility of monitoring the indicators of the latter. It is established that intensifiers, being the opposite of the rational mode of messages, serve as markers of alarmist discourses. Methods of phraseological analysis and description, an interpretive method for interpreting intensifiers in their connections and relationships were used, techniques for describing innovations in discursive practices according to O. S. Issers were used.
Li T. - Translation ethics in the light of the Chinese ecological model of translation pp. 69-78

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40997

EDN: CYJJEB

Abstract: Translation is a kind of cross-cultural interaction of people, and ethical relations have existed since the emergence of human relations. The main task of the translator is to coordinate relations between different cultures, languages and subjects of translation, therefore, the role of the translator is closely linked to ethics from the very beginning of the translation activity, and the activities and duties of the translator are carried out ethically consciously. The purpose of the study is to describe the study of translation ethics in China and a detailed study of translation ethics from the point of view of the ecological model of translation. The author shows how erroneous translations can be caused by the irresponsible behavior of translators due to their incorrect ethical views and values. In this process, the author uses an analytical method and a comparative method. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that, theoretically, it is necessary to continue improving the value and ethical aspects of the ecological model of translation; as for the existing problem of incorrect translation, according to the author, efforts should be made to create a beneficial cycle of translation ecology. Against the background of numerous research perspectives, the science of translation attaches importance to translators, returns to ethics and focuses on relationships and behavior in the system of moral values. The results of the study are important for the improvement of the Chinese translation, the development of translation theory and the training of translators.
Vechkanova E. - Thematic progression and its reproduction in translation from English to Russian pp. 71-80

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.10.31624

Abstract:  This article is dedicated to studying thematic progression as a text-forming and discourse-forming phenomenon. The notion of thematic progression is analyzed in terms of the functional sentence perspective theory, theory of actual division of the sentence, and discourse linguistics. Thematic progression contributes to the cohesive development of discourse, distribution of given and new information that needs to follow certain patterns. That is why the article also dwells on the thematic progression patterns and peculiar characteristics of their themeatic-rhematic organization. Basic thematic progression patterns are: simple linear thematic progression, thematic progression with a continuous (constant) theme, thematic progression with derived themes and thematic progression with a split rheme. They are considered to be universal, peculiar to many languages. That is why thematic progression patterns of English discourse units translated into Russian language often remain the same. Their high informativity, grammatical complexity, as well as differences in grammatical systems of English and Russian languages, necessity to adapt these units to the norms and rules of the Russian language can cause changes in thematic progression patterns of the translated units. The abovementioned facts can also lead to compression / decompression of information, changes of the word order in Russian translations.
Koval A.A. - Discursive creativity as a way of constructing a stereotype of a female politician (using the example of American and French media) pp. 71-81

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.2.37497

Abstract: The research is devoted to the study of the discursive construction of gender from the standpoint of linguocreativity. The subject of the study is the linguocreative means of constructing a stereotype of a female politician in the American and French media. The object of the study is the mass media discourse of the USA and France, represented by electronic versions of national publications. The aim of the work is to compare the discursive means of constructing a stereotype in the mass media discourse of the USA and France and to identify the socio-cultural aspect of linguocreative transformations. The research methods are a combination of discursive, contextual and content analysis. The analysis reveals the linguocreative techniques of constructing a stereotype at the lexico-grammatical and pragmatic level of the language.   The author's contribution to the research of the topic is the establishment of linguistic patterns and models in the construction of the stereotype of a female politician. In particular, a pattern in the use of verbal predicates and role grammatical models was revealed. The author also formulated and compared the identification features of gender stereotypes of the USA and France. The research may be of interest to specialists in the field of discursology, gender studies, linguoculturology, and intercultural communication. The revealed patterns and techniques of constructing stereotypes can be used in the interpretation of English- and French-language literature to identify the gender component of culture. The study makes a conclusion about the stability and reproducibility of gender stereotypes in the media, about the pragmatic potential of linguocreative discourse, about the presence of a gender shift in American and French cultures and about the mutual influence of gender stereotypes.
Ezhkova V.A. - Two traditions of studying modality: plan of expression pp. 73-81

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.12.34740

Abstract: This article advances a hypothesis on the existence of two linguistic traditions of studying modality from the perspective of the plan of expression. The first tradition – the national one – stems from the works of V. V. Vinogradov. The second tradition – the foreign one – harks back to the studies of the philosophers and logicians. The author explores the views of the scholars of both traditions, concluding on their ways of expressing modality. It is noted that researchers use different principles of grouping the modal means; divide them into the markers of objective and subjective modality, epistemic and non-epistemic modality, grammatical and lexical, as well as implicit and explicit. At the same time, there is no uniform systemic representation on the ways of expressing modality in different languages or in a particular language (in this context – Russian). Solution to this problem requires demarcating modality and subjectivity as the different categories of modus. Modality is a way of expressing irreality of events with regards to semantics (current status of a sentence) and pragmatics (illocutive function of a statement). Subjectivity is a method of conveying emotional and mental attitudes of the speaker in relation to the content of his utterance, reality, as well as other parties to communication. Therefore, modal means should include the linguistic units, which introduce the irreal plan of the possibility and necessity. Leaning on such interpretation of the category, the author lists the means of expressing modality in the Russian language.
Kao Thi T. - The peculiarities of using games as a means of improving effectiveness of the Russian language class and experiment with the use of games in teaching Russian language at Hanoi National University of Education pp. 73-85

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.35921

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of different types of translation activity in the process of teaching students of non-philological specialties at Hanoi National University of Education. Being the direct participant of bilingual communication, the student applies the following behavioral vectors: reproduction of the semantic-structural peculiarities of the original text and adaptation of the translation text to a new linguocultural perception. This is namely the key to success in the bilingual communication, since the translator fulfills the communicative, ideological, cumulative (culturological) and even a correctional functions attempting to create the original text without flaws and shortcomings of the original text due incompetence of its author. Fulfilling any of these functions, the translator must desubjectivize the original text (extract the subjective meaning) and the translation text (taking into account the characteristics of the addressee) for the purpose of adequate objectification of the translation text in accordance with the situation. In this regard, the modern methods and techniques implemented in the pedagogical practice of Hanoi National University of Education are particularly relevant. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the attempt to determine the peculiarities of using games as a means of improving effectiveness of the Russian language class and implementation of game-based learning at Hanoi National University of Education.
Dudanov T. - Explicit expression of unconditionality using conjunctions in Chinese pp. 73-91

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69690

EDN: MGRJNV

Abstract: This article discusses unconditionals in Chinese. Conjunctions with unconditional meaning, which serve for the explicit transmission of meaning in a sentence, are chosen as a subject of research. The purpose of the study is to find the conjunctions with explicit expression of unconditionality in the Chinese language. In addition to Chinese, the Russian language is also considered for a comparative analysis of conjunctions in different languages. A comparative analysis is carried out for all types of unconditionality after the description of each section. In this article not only conjunctions with unconditional meaning, but also correlates (words which clarify the meaning of the condition in the first part of the sentence) and the order of two clauses (main and dependent) are compared. The research methods include the search for conjunctions and correlatives from Chinese dictionaries and grammars for a further distribution of them in groups, consideration of conjunctions’ semantic, combination and stylistic features through dictionaries. As Chinese unconditional sentences have been little studied among Russian typologists, this article contains a certain scientific novelty. As a result, three types of unconditionals have been identified in total: absolute, irreal and real. Due to the differentiation of conjunctions in sentences with the absence of a condition, it was found out that a variety of similar words in the Chinese language is as rich as in the Russian one. At the end there are two tables with all the conjunctions both in Russian and in Chinese. In this article Russian is less emphasized because it has been researched earlier by other typologists. This material can be useful not only for sinologists, but also for the specialists in general linguistics.
Mutalov R.O., Bagamaeva M.S. - Construction with adverbial participle clauses in the Kadar language pp. 74-83

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34534

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of polypredicative constructions formed by means of adverbial participle clause in one of the non-written languages of Dargin group – the Kadar language. The goal of this work is to describe the preterite adverbial participles used in formation of circumstantial subordinate clauses, study the problems of co-reference, and establish the key factors that affect the reduction of the co-referential element or its substitution with demonstrative pronoun. Main attention is turned to determination of grammatically correct constructions with adverbial participle clauses with co-referential element. The article employs the methods of synchronic description and field linguistics. The research material was accumulated during the 2019 expedition to Kadar rural localities of Karamakhi and Chankurbe of Buynaksky District of the Republic of Dagestan. The novelty consists in the fact that this work is first to examine the problems of co-reference in constructions with adverbial participle clauses, identification of factors that affect the reduction or substitution of co-referential element,  as well as determination of all grammatically correct sentences with adverbial participle clause that function in polypredicative constructions of the Kadar language. For solution of this problem, the author created the tables that considered the semantic role of predicate actants of superordinate and subordinate parts, position of subordinate part in relation to superordinate part, and the proximity of subordinate part to co-referential element in superordinate part in the compound sentence. As a result, the author establishes the positions with most and least grammatically correct constructions. The presented materials can be used in studying this type of compound sentences in other Dargin and Dagestanian languages.
Serebrennikov S.V. - Binary cause-and-effect model pp. 75-81

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.33139

Abstract: The subject of this research is the abstract model of functionality of cause-and-effect relations, which can be depicted as a construct x leads to y, where x is producing cause, and y – the effect. Leaning on semantics of the text, this model can be presented as P, cause that leads to P effect, where P is any semantic predicate, being on the place of either causing element or the effect element. The object of this research is the texts with cause-and-effect semantics. The goal consists in examination of the structure of cause-and-effect relations from the perspective of the logic of language and the semantic of text. The main conclusion is the depiction of cause-and-effect relations through the simplest binary model, in which the chain is created between to situations of propositions. Elements of the model are interconnected – one situation exists because of the other. Such relationship can be determined on the in-depth level – a semantic element equal for both situations, as well as on the meaningful level – connection between the elements of the situation. The study applies the methods of component analysis, propositional analysis, and contextual analysis. Relevance of the article is substantiated by referring to such modern linguistic trends as the logic of language, semantic syntax, and syntax of the text.
Soloveva A.A. - The Method of Application of Mini-corposes for the Analysis of Language Variation of Etiquetial Expressions in Bilingual Language Situations in the Sociolinguistic Aspect. pp. 77-85

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39183

EDN: WGLTKE

Abstract: The author examines the process of creating and methodology of applying the mini-corps to solve the problems in the field of language choice learning in the sphere of speech etiquette. The different stages of compiling a mini-corps from the peculiarities of material collection to the construction of theoretical models of language use of speech etiquette are considered. The terminological apparatus of the study is introduced. The features of different methods are compared and the need for a comprehensive approach to compiling a mini-corpus is substantiated. The shortage of corpora for the study of language choice in a bilingual situation is stated. Advantages and disadvantages of the chosen methodology are described. In particular, the necessity of selecting authentic examples of spontaneous speech taken from videos based on the method of non-included observation is pointed out. The place of the mini-corpus technique in the set of methods used in this study is shown. The result is a corpus-based description of the algorithms of speakers' use of etiquette expressions in a particular language under the influence of various configurations of factors and parameters of the social context. It is concluded that this method allows, on the one hand, to obtain the necessary and sufficient material for the analysis, on the other hand, it does not involve the use and processing of a large array of data. The prospect of researching the method is to apply it in other situations of bilingualism in order to complement and correct the theoretical models obtained in the course of the study. Thus, the method of compiling bilingual mini-corps makes it possible to reach the level of generalization of linguistic facts, sufficient to build universal models for interpreting the patterns of language choice of etiquette expressions in bilingualism.
Ren J. - The specifics of lexicographic representation of phraseological units in the "Russian-English Phraseological Dictionary" edited by S. Lubenskaya pp. 77-88

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40769

EDN: XTEANB

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the lexicographic representation of the dictionary "Russian-English phraseological Dictionary" edited by S. Lubenskaya. Its comparative analysis with similar Russian-English phraseological dictionaries is carried out in the aspects of 1) the volume of the dictionary and 2) the lexicographic description of the phraseological units included in their dictionary entries. Russian phraseological units are considered, their English equivalents are identified, with an emphasis on the comparative analysis of the subject nouns of Russian phraseological units and their analogues in English equivalents. Special attention is paid to the structure of the dictionary article and the lexicographic representation of phraseological units in the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya, the parameters of Russian phraseological units are considered, their English equivalents are identified with an emphasis on the comparative analysis of the subject nouns of Russian phraseological units and their analogues in English equivalents. The purpose of the study is to compare the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya with other Russian-English phraseological dictionaries and to identify the specifics of the lexicographic description of phraseological units in the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the article the author draws attention to the most complete and innovative, but little-studied Russian-English phraseological dictionary edited by S. Lubenskaya, published in 2013. The article fully demonstrates the advantages of S. Lubenskaya's dictionary over other bilingual phraseological dictionaries not only in terms of the range of coverage of materials, that is, the volume of the dictionary, but also in the completeness of the structure of the dictionary entry and a high degree of accuracy and detail of the presentation of the material. The article also notes the importance of S. Lubenskaya's dictionary for further and comprehensive research of Russian and English phraseological lexicography.
Griber Y.A. - Gerontolinguistics of color: research overview pp. 79-99

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.5.32890

Abstract: The goal of this article is an overview of the existing research in the area of gerontolinguistics of color – a new branch of linguistic science, conterminous with gerontolinguistics and linguistics of color, which studies the state of the lexis for color designations in vocabulary of the senior and elderly people. The author meticulously examines the works that discuss sizes and boundaries of separate color categories, complexity of color designation lexis in the speech of different generations of native speakers of a certain language, intergenerational dynamics of color designations, inappropriate usage of color terms by senior people, and possibilities of modeling of age-related physiological changes in the color vision. The search of sources was conducted through the following systems: Russian Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. In the course of research, the author applied methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of materials. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive overview of scientific publications in the area of gerontolinguistics of color from the perspective of comparison of the topics, empirical scope, methods and methodology of studying color vocabulary of the senior population. The author’s special contribution lies in determination and description of the established trends in explaining senior changes in the color vocabulary, as well as discussion of further development prospects of the toolset of experimental research.
Ivanova S.V. - Role of translation in formation of the official business style of Yakut language pp. 79-83

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.29933

Abstract: This article explores the main linguistic features of the official business texts throughout various periods of formation of the official business style of the Yakut language, development of dictionaries of terminology of official business style, including public policy and juridical terms. The author highlights the contribution of the professor of stylistics of Yakut language department and Russian-Yakut translator Petrovaya T.I. in development of official business style of the Yakut language, who developed the theoretical and practical issues on functional stylistics and internal national translation. This work employed the methods of descriptive analysis and comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the research of the linguistic features of the official business style texts of the Yakut language. The work outlines the great role of the Russian-Yakut translation in formation of the official business style of the Yakut language up to present day. Overview of the dictionaries of juridical and public policy terms reveals that there is a pressing need to compile more comprehensive Russian-Yakut dictionaries utilizing the internal term-forming capabilities of the Yakut language.
Afonina M.M. - Analysis of derivational relations of a word in the framework of the study of the linguistic picture of the world (based on the material of the Quebec version of the French language) pp. 79-90

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37981

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world (LPW) of the French-speaking part of Canada by analyzing the derivational relations of the Quebec word patate (potato). The paper analyzes the linguistic characteristics of lexical units that are derived from this word: origin, internal form, structure of meaning, connection of Quebecisms with their analogues from the central version of the French language; also defines the elements of these units, which contain ethno-cultural content (elements that directly form the LPW of French Canadians). The subject of the study is the patterns underlying word-formation relationships, as well as cognitive structures transmitted by the lexical units under study. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the analysis of the relations of the lexeme with the units derived from it is carried out on the material of the Quebec version of the French language in order to characterize the features of the Canadian LPW. In the course of the research, such methods as etymological analysis, analysis of the internal form of a word or phrase, semantic analysis are used. As a result of the work carried out, the ethnolinguistic characteristics (linguistic characteristics that convey the cultural specificity of the ethnic group) of the lexical units under consideration were identified, as well as cognitive schemes that contributed to the formation of units formed on the basis of the patate lexeme. The results of this study can be used in lexicographic practice, as well as in the framework of research in the field of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology.
V'yunova E.K., Petrova E.S. - Cognitive aspect of conveying precise information at the early stages of education process pp. 81-93

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.10.34086

Abstract: The selection of this topic is substantiated by attention of modern science to the problems of synchronized translation. However, if a significant number of publications is dedicated to conference interpreting, the whispered interpreting, which is highly demanded in the conditions of international cooperation, does not receive due attention and not included into training module of the interpreters. The relevance of this research is substantiated by being at the intersection of actively developing fields of translation and interpretation studies: linguistic and didactic. It is reasonable to include teaching this type of translation in the training module for professional interpreters, as the whispered interpreting is highly demanded in the era globalization within the framework of hosting international events. The novelty of this research lies in the thesis that within a specific segment of the linguistic system (conveyance of precision of information), the authors are first to describe the development of an essential skill of compensation at the initial stages of learning whispered translation within the framework of the elaborated and tested universal methodology based on the proposed in the article forms of student’s autonomy in application of “shifter” role game. Cognitive approach towards the analysis of the product of whispered interpretation allowed demonstrating the range of searching the means of compensation – from ineffective to successful, as well as determining the sources of errors, which also include cognitive assimilation. As one of trends of further theoretical development of the topic, the authors indicate erratological direction of studying whispered interpretation. The usage of the suggested method promotes student's autonomy, increases psychological resilience, and develops the necessary for an interpreter professional approach to compensation, thereby preventing a number of errors occurring during interpretation process. The article introduces concepts of shifter language and cognitive assimilation, as well as clarifies the concept of student’s autonomy applicable to teaching whispered interpretation.
Sorokina E.E. - Functional and stylistic features of C. S. Lewis' sermons pp. 81-90

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38663

EDN: UGMTAP

Abstract: The relevance of the article is due to the relatively small study of the issue of assessing the functional and stylistic features of C. S. Lewis' sermons in modern Russian science. The purpose of this article is to study the preaching addresses of C. S. Lewis from the standpoint of functional stylistics. The object of this work is the sermons of C. S. Lewis, delivered in various churches and at religious meetings, published subsequently as an essay in 1949, the subject is their features from the point of view of functional stylistics, manifested through various techniques. Such methods of work as analytical and descriptive were used in the study. The scientific novelty lies in the consideration of the functional and stylistic features of the texts of C. S. Lewis on the example of sermons, as well as the search for elements of appeal in these works. The conducted research indicates that the sermons of C. S. Lewis are characterized by certain functional and stylistic features expressed by a variety of techniques. Among them are various quotations (from Holy Scripture and fiction), allusions to the above-mentioned works, outdated and high-style forms of words, borrowings, various kinds of analogies and comparisons, as well as various rhetorical techniques (diacopes, hypophores), rhetorical questions, repetitions. In addition, these are various appellative constructions, including various verbs with imperative modality, the so-called "we-constructions", various types of complex conditional sentences. The analysis of these functional and stylistic features allows us to illustrate the position of C. S. Lewis and his understanding of the Christian faith in the context of contemporary life.
Abdullaev I.B. - Interrogative Sentence in the Lezgian Language pp. 82-99

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.26474

Abstract: This article is devoted to interrogative sentences in the Lezgian language. the author of the article provides an in-depth analysis of all types of Lezgian interrogative sentences possible from the point of view of their semantics and syntaxis. In his research Abdullaev provides a great number of examples from literature and Lezgian study books. He describes new types of interrogative sentences that have never been described in study books before and carries out an in-depth analysis of subtypes of interrogative sentences in the Lezgian language. Abdullaev refers to relevant foreign and Russian researches that have never quoted before. In his research the author uses modern methods of linguistic research such as description, immediate constituent analysis and comparison. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in Russian linguistic science the author makes an attempt to provide a full structured and classification analysis of all types of interrogative sentences in the Lezgian language. BEfore this topic has been touched upon only partially by Russian and foreign researchers. 
Arsentyeva Y.S. - The peculiarities of euphemistic nomination of phraseologisms-euphemisms that denote poverty in the Russian and English languages pp. 82-88

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36436

Abstract: The object of this research is the Russian and English phraseologisms-euphemisms that denote poverty as one of the concepts of euphemistic reflection of the real world. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of euphemistic nomination of phraseologisms-euphemisms with the meaning of poverty in the Russian and English languages. This article is first to examine the Russian and English phraseologism-euphemisms that denote poverty from the perspective of expressing the pejorative real denotation using euphemistic units, the key goal of which is mitigation and hazing of the concept of “poverty”. Such phraseologisms-euphemisms are characterized by pejorative assessment that can be “improved” by neutral or humorous affective evaluation. In conclusion, the author proves that in both languages the key role in better pejorative assessment of poverty is played by figurativeness and prototype of the analyzed phraseologisms-euphemisms. In both languages, a number of phraseologisms-euphemisms are characterized by ameliorative-evaluative prototypes, which in turn, lead to neutralization of pejorative rational assessment. The scientific novelty consists in application of the new approach towards analyzing the phraseological meaning of a peculiar type of phraseological units based on euphemistic nomination. The acquired results can be used in studying the semantics of phraseological units, lexical and phraseological euphemisms, including in the comparative aspect.
Baskakova A. - The World View at the Reflection of Russian and English Paroemias pp. 83-90

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39383

EDN: UQTJAI

Abstract: The article is dedicated to a research and signification of particularities of Russian and English world view through a prism of paroemiac units. The subject of the study is paroemias in Russian and English languages, reflecting the intellection of two comparative cultures. The goal of the work consists in disclosure of functional abilities of paroemias for understanding the way of thinking of Russian and English informants. At the process of paroemias’ analysis there were used several methods of linguistic research: comparative – historical, the method of opposition, distributive analysis and also psycholinguistic methods of the research. It is effectual to consider the results of the study as determination of the fact, that a world view, expressed at the language by functionating separate paroemaic structures, allows to disclose main national features of different nations in a more detailed way. As the sphere of usage of the results, first of all, can be observed a pedagogical work, when at the process of analysis, study and practical usage of paroemias at the speech the learners recognize the relation between language and thinking, that reflects their perception of a world afterwards. Secondly, the understanding of Russian and English paroemias’ meaning helps the establishment of cultural and language connections between different national groups, indicative of the realization of the cultural communication. The novelty of this study is that there was made the first trial to deduce the process of monitoring the perception of paroemias by Russian and English language speakers from the moment of their initial analysis at level of their acquaintance with a research material (reading, translation and understanding of the meaning) to the moment of perception of their influence on thinking (how paroemias reflect the world view of a concrete nation). The conclusions made from work point to the fact, that the determinant to the search of similarities and comparatives between Russian and English paroemias is at the existence of a particular problematics connected with cultural values, reflected at the compared languages.
Borisova I.V. - Language archivation in online socialization pp. 84-92

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.30279

Abstract: The object of this research is smileys (emoticons) as means of archivation of information responsible for emotional colorization of the transmitted or received message. The subject of this research is the possible variants of expansion of the implicit component depending on the level of intellectual and emotional completeness of the sender or receiver and their inclusion into the cultural values of the nation (in this case the Russian classical literature). The author expands the concept of speech compression to the language archivation, including into this process the technical accompaniment and ergonomic component. The following works served as the factual material of this research: M. Gorky “Konovalov”, F.M. Dostoyevsky “Karamazov Brothers”, N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, and I.A. Bunin “Mitya’s Love”. The following conclusions were made: one the one hand, the process of language archivation through smileys presents creative usage of language resources, defined by new means of communication in the digital environment; on the other, it threatens the existing language norms that establish the fundamental traditions. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the fact that decompression of included information is projected unto figures taken out of works of Russian classics, endless value of which is validated by several generations of native readers of the language.
Kosarina A.A. - Changing the Semantics of Author Terms Based on Scientific and Artistic Texts on the Example of the Term "Happening" pp. 85-92

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.39711

EDN: DVGLVQ

Abstract: The subject of the study is the concept of the author's term, its definition is given, and the etymological, semantic and pragmatic criteria for the allocation of the author's term are also highlighted. Using the term Happening as an example, the use of the author's term in professional and non-professional discourse is considered. The article examines the definition given by the author of the term Alan Kaprow, and the evolution of his understanding of the term Happening. The semantics of the term and its changes in the works of various artists of the 1950s - 1960s, as representatives of professional discourse, and in works of art of the 1960s - 2010s, representing non-professional discourse, are studied. Common features of the use of the term Happening in professional and non-professional discourses are highlighted. The main conclusions of the study are the following positions: the term Happening can be considered copyright, since its author is known, the author's sema is key to the semantics of the term, and professionals using it associate the concept with its creator. In professional discourse, the term is used in a direct terminological meaning. In non-professional discourse, the term loses part of this, acquiring others; in particular, the author's sema is lost, and the term no longer meets the criteria of the author's term. The novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the use of the English-language author's term in professional and non-professional discourse.
Mezit A.E., Kattsina T.A. - Special vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work in the stratification aspect pp. 87-95

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.68702

EDN: SNMPYY

Abstract: The article examines the vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work from the standpoint of stratification terminology, identifies and characterizes the varieties of terminological vocabulary, as well as special names functioning in the lower case of the sublanguage. The object of the study is the sublanguage of social work employees. The subject of the study is the lexical composition of a special sublanguage of social work. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of selective receipt of special texts, the sociolinguistic method, the functional-semantic method and the method of linguistic description. The author considers the studied vocabulary from the standpoint of genesis, formal-structural criterion, motivation, on the basis of correlation with logical categories. The results of the study identified stratification categories of special vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work, carried out the classification of special units by genesis, from the standpoint of formal structural criteria, on the basis of motivation and correlation with logical categories. It is revealed that the key functions of the special vocabulary in the studied sublanguage are nominative and cognitive. In the course of the research, the conclusion is made about the "maturity" of the special vocabulary of the sublanguage of social work and its high linguistic informativeness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time (within the framework of the problems of modern linguistics) a comprehensive analysis of the vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of special work was carried out, stratification categories of professional vocabulary of the sublanguage of social work were identified.
Ma J. - For what reason does Raskolnikov laugh? pp. 89-97

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36874

Abstract: This article analyzes the resources of application of computer technologies for the purpose of visualization of the text semantic field “laughter”. The concept of “laughter” holds a special place in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky, as well as in one of the central semantic fields in the text semantic space of the novel “Crime and Punishment”. Examination of the semantic field within the space of a particular literary text allows determining the peculiarities of the authorial thesaurus within the structure of his linguistic identity. The subject of this article is the concept of “laughter” as the core of the corresponding text semantic field; determination of saturation of the text with the words belonging to a certain semantic field. Despite the fact that multiple questions related to the theory of semantic field are well studied, the scholars take interests in studying the linguistic material, denoted in field linguistics, namely development of the techniques for visualization of the semantic  network through creating cloud tags, semantic text markup, synoptic patterns, rendering, etc. The article offers one of the techniques – visualization based on construction of a plot using a specifically developed computer software. The graphic image illustrates the distribution of units of the semantic field “laughter” in the novel, which enables new interpretations of the content of Dostoevsky’s novel.
Danilova V.A. - Mechanisms of conveying phraseological units in the novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin [based on the translation into the Portuguese language by Dario Moreira Castro Alves pp. 90-98

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.33697

Abstract: The object of this research is the phraseological units in translation of the novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin into the Portuguese language. Analysis is conducted on the concept of phraseological units and methods of their classification in the scientific literature. The article aims to examine the methods of conveying phraseological units in the two noncognate language, as well as reveal ethnocultural differences in the set phrases denoting similar concepts. The author believes that understanding and proper interpretation of phraseological units are essential for translating foreign literature, learning and teaching foreign languages. The research employs the methods of contextual and comparative analysis of phraseological units of the Russian culture in translation of the novel, which allowed discerning the differences in cognition of the text among the native speakers of Russian and Portuguese languages. The novelty of this article lies in referring to the only existing translation of the novel “Eugene Onegin” into the Portuguese language, which was has not previously become the object of linguoculturological research. It is revealed that phraseologisms are widely used in the novel and can be classified by the degree of stability, metaphoricity and motivation word collocations. The author indicates the differences in linguistic means of conveying phraseological units in the Russian and Portuguese languages, as well as determines the ways of conveying phraseologisms in translation of the novel, such as phraseological equivalent, analogue, calquing, and descriptive translation. In translation of the meanings of Russian phraseologisms into the Portuguese language, the translator was able to achieve considerable accuracy, although it is difficult to convey the national flavor of the novel to the fullest.  
Krygin R.V., Dolgopolova L.A. - Travelogue and its role in the presentation of the Crimea by German travelers in the XVIII-XIX centuries. pp. 90-97

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.37720

EDN: QBHETI

Abstract: The work is devoted to clarifying the status of travelogue as a special literary genre. The features of German-language travelogues about the Crimea of the XVIII-XIX centuries are considered. The purpose of the work is to clarify the status of travelogue as a special literary genre combining the features of prose, epistolary genre, adventure. The relevance of the work is due both to the increased interest in travelogue as a genre and to the linguoculturological aspect of studying foreign-language travelogues. The methodological basis was the works of E.R. Ponomarev, E.F. Shafranskaya, A. Pasquali, G. Tverdoty. The article clarifies the concept of "travelogue" based on the critical analysis of theoretical sources. The classification of travelogue by genre and purpose of writing is presented. The article describes the history of the appearance of the term "travelogue" and its consolidation in the scientific literature. The practical research was based on the material of a German-language travelogue about the Crimea of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the period of the development of the peninsula of the Russian Empire. Special attention is paid to genre and target types of travelogue.     The choice of the topic is determined, on the one hand, by the little-studied subject, on the other hand, by the increased interest in the representation of Crimea as a tourist and multicultural object in various linguistic cultures.The objectives of our work are to clarify the concept of "travelogue" and its types, as well as thematic analysis of early German-language travelogues about the peninsula. The constant desire of mankind to travel, to explore unexplored or little–explored territories and, as a result, the desire to capture what they saw and tell others about it contributed to the emergence of a new genre - travelogue. In modern science, travelogue is considered from the standpoint of a meta-genre approach and does not have an unambiguous definition. The main purpose of the travelogue is to create an image of the purpose of the trip. This fact determines the structure of the image, which includes objective, subjective and emotional content. The scientific literature notes the heterogeneity of the travelogue, which makes it possible to distinguish it and classify it according to genre features, goals and functions.
Mutalov R.O. - Conversational Etiquette in the Itsary Dargin Language: Formulas for Contact-Establishing pp. 91-99

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39512

EDN: SZFPZG

Abstract: The article is devoted to the description of the phatic (contact-establishing) function of conversational etiquette in the Itsary dialect of the Tsudahar-Sirkhya language (the Dargin branch of the Nakh-Dagestan languages). The purpose of the study is to identify the conversational formulas for contact-establishing in the dialect under study and to give their semantic and stylistic characteristics. These conversational formulas are still little-studied not only in the Itsary dialect, but also in the other Dargin languages and dialects, and that is the relevance of the issue. Meanwhile, the traditional formulas of conversational etiquette are rapidly being lost due to the change in the traditional way of life and the intensive migration of highlanders to the cities. In the course of the study the methods of synchronous description and the methods of introspection and field linguistics are used. As a result of the study, the most commonly used Itsary words and expressions which are used in the process of interpersonal communication for expressing greetings, well- wishing, sympathy and farewells were identified and systematized, and the scope of their functioning is also identified. A significant amount of conversational formulas material is introduced into scientific use. The results of the study can be used in the study of theoretical issues of conversational etiquette and conversational culture of the Dagestan people and also for compiling dictionaries and for teaching courses of the Dargin lexicology and dialectology at the educational institutions.
Dominenko N.V., Kislukhina M.V. - Functional morphological derivation in terminology of the modern English language pp. 93-104

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.5.30969

Abstract: The subject of this research is the English language terms in literary studies and terminological systems of agricultural and soil microbiology at the present stage of language development. The object of this research is the peculiarities of the terminology models in literary studies and sublanguage of agricultural and soil microbiology, as well as their functionality in the modern English language. The authors meticulously examine the complex terms of literary studies and sublanguage of the agricultural and soil microbiology and their structure, giving special attention to the productive models and their functional orientation, as well as characteristic trends of evolution of compositology of the modern English language. Among the main conclusions of the conducted research are the determination and description of the peculiarities of complex terms, their structure and functionality, as well as outlining and fixation of the productive models on the material of the aforementioned terminological systems of the modern English language. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the fact that this is a first experience in analyzing the complex terminological units of lexicon of the sublanguage of agricultural and soil microbiology, as well as terminology of literary studies participating in formation of the national image of the world.
Chernykh A.S. - The influence of Chinese idioms on the grammar of the modern Malay language pp. 95-103

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.69807

EDN: FYMEEH

Abstract: Malaysia is a multiethnic country in Southeast Asia with a population of 33.4 million people, where Chinese make up 22.6%. This article focuses on the grammatical structures that have emerged in the Malay language (ML) as a result of Malay-Chinese language contact. The object of this study is colloquial ML. Previous research has noted that due to the influence of Chinese idioms in "low" spoken varieties of ML, new structures have emerged that break traditional Malay grammar rules. The impact of colloquial and slang forms on modern ML leads to a simplification of its grammatical constructions. It is observed that Chinese idioms primarily influence spoken ML, while in the standard or literary variant, their influence is limited to the lexical sphere. This study examines the usage of such structures in the standard and coloquial variants of modern ML. An analytical approach was applied to analyze data from prescriptive (grammars, dictionaries, textbooks) and descriptive (corpora) sources, as well as conducting experiments with ML speakers. The results of the study indicate that the previously described changes in "low" ML variants have exceeded their boundaries and are actively used in modern colloquial language both orally and in written form. The findings contribute to the analysis of the degree of simplification of grammatical structures in ML due to language contact with other idioms, helping to determine the direction of ML development in terms of the synthesis-analytic spectrum: moving away from the typical Austronesian language structure characterized by rich verbal morphology. The results of the article can be used for developing educational materials and teaching methods for Malay, as well as be useful in studying interference phenomena and language evolution processes.
Savina E. - Legal lexicon in the second volume of Marcel Proust's novel “In Search of Lost Time” (“À la recherche du temps perdu”) “In the Shade of Young Girls in Flowers” (“À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs”): linguostylistic analysis pp. 96-109

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.32086

Abstract: This article reviews the stylistic functionality of legal lexicon in the second volume of M. Proust's novel “In Search of Lost Time”. By means of general and field specific (civil, constitutional, international, criminal and financial) legal lexicon, the author describes various spheres of life that are far from the jurisprudence – human sensory systems, visual arts, social graces of the bourgeoisie and aristocracy, as well as friendship and romantic relationship of Marcel and Albertine. The article employs the methods of lexical, semantic and linguostylistic analysis. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of functionality of specific lexicon in the literary text. The author highlights certain types of social relations, which are described via comparison with legal situations, as well as related metaphors and comparisons from other areas of life.
Anisimova A.G., Tikhonova N.Y. - Neologisms: from author use to dictionary entry pp. 96-106

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38197

Abstract: This article is devoted to neologisms and their use in speech. The authors analyze various ways of the appearance of neologisms in speech, ways of their formation. The subject of research is neologisms that appear either together with new concepts, phenomena, historical figures, or when an existing lexical unit expands the old meaning or acquires a new meaning. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons affecting the stability of neologism in speech, and to identify trends that lead neologism first to stable use in speech, and then, when it becomes a unit of language, to be included in the appropriate dictionaries. The main research methods are descriptive and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time a number of neologisms and the specifics of their functioning in the language are considered in it. As a result of the work carried out, the reasons why most neologisms disappear from speech are investigated, only some of them fall into the dictionaries of the general literary language, and a very small number of neologisms become terms. It is established that the occurrence of neologisms depends on various social trends and economic factors. At the same time, the formation of a neologism as a unit of language, as well as its development into a terminological unit, is possible only if a number of requirements are met.
Knyazkov D.A. - Invectives as a linguistic manipulation in the song discourse (on the example of compositions from “Eurovision” song contest) pp. 98-105

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.8.33536

Abstract: The subject of this research is the abusive language (invectives) prohibited by the rules of the International Song Contest “Eurovision”. The goal consists in substantiating the role of obscene language as a linguistic manipulation in song discourse of “Eurovision” contest. The tabooed words and expressions represent a wide array of lexical units for research by modern linguistic science based on the materials of various voice compositions. Using the lyrics of songs that participated in “Eurovision” and made top 10 chart, the author determined those that contain invectives. The scientific novelty consists in the first ever analysis of song lyrics that contained the lexical units of abusive language prohibited by the rules of “Eurovision”. It was determined that the compositions of multimodal discourse contain various invectives in verbal component. The authors of songs for “Eurovision” apply different linguistic manipulations to influence the live voting and ensure a spot in the finals for their composition. This is directly related to increase in the number of participating countries; therefore, the structure and content of verbal component of a musical-poetic composition of Eurovision plays an important role. Despite the prohibition by rules of the context to use tabooed lexicon in song lyrics, the author was able to identify certain violations in the English-language and Italian-language compositions. The conclusion is made that invectives in the song discourse are effective linguistic manipulations that enhance suggestive semantics of speech act, since all compositions made it to the top 10.
Erysheva A.Y., Tokarchuk I.N. - Semantic and Functional Potential of the Particle ALREADY and its Reflection in Translation into Vietnamese (Based on the Material of the Novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita") pp. 98-111

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38708

EDN: QBYFSO

Abstract: The article discusses typical semantic and pragmatic implementations of the particle "already" and the means of the Vietnamese language used in practice to convey the corresponding meanings. The relevance of the research is determined by its involvement in the problems of translating Russian particles as communicative and pragmatic signs into foreign languages. The object of the study is the particle "already". The subject of the research is syntagmatic, semantic and pragmatic features of this lexeme, as well as ways and means of translating statements from "already" into Vietnamese. The research material was M. A. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" and the text of its translation into Vietnamese. The purpose of the work is to establish the range of types of use of the particle "already" presented in the text of the work under consideration, as well as to determine the features of ways to translate statements with this particle into Vietnamese. The paper uses a descriptive method, as well as elements of comparative and quantitative analysis. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time the question of the functioning of the particle "already" and its Vietnamese analogues is considered on the material of the named novel by M. A. Bulgakov. It is established that when translating statements with the particle "already", a number of relevant Vietnamese words and service combinations are used, of which the most popular means of direct translation is đã, with non-predicative components, transmitting an assessment according to the parameters ‘much’, ‘little’, ‘long’, ‘late’, and with predicative components, the values are ‘change in the situation’, ‘expectation’ and ‘earlier than expected'. It is shown that the specifics of the semantic and functional capabilities of the Russian "already" and the service units of the Vietnamese language do not always allow for an adequate translation, and therefore they cannot be considered completely equivalent. The results of the study can be taken into account both in the study of other Russian particles, including in the comparative aspect, and in lexicographic practice.
Shagbanova K.S. - "Emotion" in the Russian and English language pictures of the world pp. 98-107

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.41025

EDN: HDTZCR

Abstract: The article describes the functioning of the concepts "emotion" in Russian and English. Emotion as a phenomenon of reality has a multifaceted logical nature, is culturally, lexically and axiologically conditioned. The structure of concepts that can be evaluated as equivalents formalizes the categorization and conceptualization of reality, shows a predisposition to interact with cross-cultural concepts. The existing reality is reflected by a set of nuclear and peripheral meanings of the concept "emotion". The meanings of words illustrate the presence of main and secondary signs, monocentricity and predisposition to the formation of diverse associative connections, which determines the boundaries of semantic variation of the word. In the English language picture of the world, the verbalization of the concept of "emotion" shows signs of a behavior marker, properties of a liquid substance, assessments of cultural life events, a space with a depth characteristic. In the Russian corpus of texts, based on the conducted sampling, the following cases of values were recorded: an attribute of behavior, someone's belonging, an obstacle, a device that can be turned off, an indicator of strong arousal. The author states that the theoretical provisions of the cognitive approach allow us to confidently speak about the correlation of the concept under consideration not only with feelings, but also with reason. In the course of the structural and semantic analysis of the presented constructions, a number of meanings of the polysemantic structure of this formation are revealed in the English-speaking and Russian-speaking semantic space.
Danilova V.A. - Ways of conveying ethnocultural lexicon in translation of the novel Eugene Onegin by A. S. Pushin into Portuguese (on the materials of Dário Moreira de Castro Alves’ translation) pp. 100-108

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.5.32880

Abstract: The subject of this research is the ethnocultural lexicon in translation of A. S. Pushkin’s novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” into Portuguese language. The author views the term realia as a lexicon with ethnocultural semantics inherent to determination of linguistic identity. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of the methods of conveying realias in the two non-cognate languages, as well as in determination of ethnocultural differences of the lexemes signifying similar notions. The author assumes that understanding and accurate interpretation of culturally marked lexicon are essential for translating foreign literature, as well as studying and teaching foreign languages. Contextual and comparative analysis of the realias of Russian literature in translation of the novel served as the methods for this research, which allowed determining the distinctions in cognition of text among the Russian and Portuguese native speakers. The novelty of this work is defined by reference to the only translation of the novel “Eugene Onegin” into Portuguese language that has not previously been an object of linguoculturological study. It is revealed that realias are being used in multiple spheres of human activity and may contain cultural component in the meaning of words and their connotation. As a result, the author indicated the differences of language means of conveying realias in the Russian and Portuguese languages; as well as established the ways of conveying ethnocultural lexicon in translation of the novel, such as correlation, hypo-hypernymic translation, adaptation, periphrastic translation, and calquing.
Baeva E.I. - The Comparison of Mimic Phraseological Units Based on Italian and Spanish Material pp. 100-108

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39351

EDN: RVYEPP

Abstract: The article discusses the semantic features of mimic phraseological units of Italian and Spanish and their use to characterize communicative behavior. The classification of sign phraseological units of the Italian and Spanish languages according to functional and semantic criteria is given. The methods of linguistic expression of visual communication that reflect the inner sphere of a person in the Italian and Spanish language picture of the world are presented. For the first time, an attempt was made to conduct a comparative study of mimic phraseological units on the material of two closely related languages using a comparative method. The analysis showed that the mimic phraseological units found in Spanish and Italian have a large number of identical equivalents.     The article discusses the semantic features of mimic phraseological units of Italian and Spanish and their use to characterize communicative behavior. The classification of sign phraseological units of the Italian and Spanish languages according to functional and semantic criteria is given. The methods of linguistic expression of visual communication that reflect the inner sphere of a person in the Italian and Spanish language picture of the world are presented. For the first time, an attempt was made to conduct a comparative study of mimic phraseological units on the material of two closely related languages using a comparative method. The analysis showed that the mimic phraseological units found in Spanish and Italian have a large number of identical equivalents.
Lityagina E.A. - Comparative and Socio-Cultural Aspect in English and Spanish Business Vocabularies. Analysis of Business Jargon pp. 101-111

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.4.27781

Abstract: The subject of this research is the English and Spanish business vocabularies viewed from the point of view of socio-cultural specific features. The aim of the research is to carry out classification and comparative analysis of the word-formation means of English and Spanish business terms, to describe their general and special features and analysis of the socio-cultural element of business vocabulary based on the analysis of jargonisms. The latter systematizes the types of borrowings from the English language, which prevail against the background of Spanish terms and are a distinctive feature of Spanish business jargon. The research methodology includes a comparative method, a method of systematization and classification of the material under study, a descriptive-analytical method, a method of continuous sampling, a method for analyzing vocabulary interpretations. It is a distinctive feature of the Spanish business jargon. This is a method of systematic sampling, a method of continuous sampling, and a method of analyzing vocabulary interpretations. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that it was the first to describe and compare English and Spanish terms and jargon in business from the point of view of word-building models, as well as the impact of sociocultural factors on the formation of business terminology from the standpoint of an anthropocentric approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The role of the English language as the main donor language in relation to Spanish slang business terminology is revealed. The author demonstrates the variety of themes from the point of view of naming processes and phenomena of business practice as well as the prevailing use of metaphors created using components of different forms and thus referring to different notions (color, animal world, national cuisine, body parts, household items and weapon, etc.). 
Zinecker T. - Substitution of a Component/Components as an Example of Occasional Use of Russian Paremiological Units: Experimental Research pp. 103-109

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.29979

Abstract: The subject of this research is the proper use of the mechanism of substitution of a component/components of Russian paremiological units by informants (native speakers) in the course of an experimental research. The researcher describes the experiment scheme and informants' responses that are viewed as examples of occasional use of Russian paremiological units with one kind of transformation. The analysis covers peculiarities of substitution of a paremiological unit component/components for components with similar, related or different semantics and stylistic effect resulting from it. In the course of the research the author has used the following methods: phraseological description developed by A. Kunin, contextual analysis, component analysis, linguistic experiment and continuous sampling from dictionaries. The main conclusions of the research are as follows. As long as a linguistic experiment has the proper scheme that implies awareness of informants (native speakers) on the mechanism of substitution of a component/components as an example of occasional transformation of paremiological units and developed conceptual and logical thinking, it is no problem to create bright examples of such substitutions. The most frequently used substitutions are the onse that use synonyms or lexical units of the same lexical and semantic group or the same lexical set, however, informants often substituted components of Russian paremiological units for lexemes that are not related semantically. The researcher has not discovered a single case of substityution of Russian paremiological units for antonyms. As a rule, informants substituted only one component, substitution of two or more components has been a rare case.  
Dmitrieva E.I., Grubin I.V. - Differences between automotive and traffic terms in England and the United States pp. 103-110

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32272

Abstract: The subject of this research is the different automotive and traffic terms in the English language from the perspective of their variance. The article explores the similarities and differences between the terms of the topic group “Automobile Transportation” in the British and American variants of the modern English language. Special attention is given to the etymology of the terminological units in questions. On the examined examples of terminology, it can be observed that some basic concepts carry national arrangement within the American and British tradition of formation of terminology. For selection of language material, this article utilizes such sources as The Oxford English Dictionary, The Dictionary of Transport and Logistics, Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Cambridge Dictionary Online, and Collins English Dictionary Online. The scientific novelty of this research is justified by the insufficient elucidation of the problem of territorial variance within the English language on the material of transportation terminology, which is a reflection of national perception of the surrounding world. The authors make a conclusion that despite the importance of the standardization and formalization processes, it is necessary to remember that terminology vastly reflects professional worldview.
Shikhalkina T.G. - Communication peculiarities of negotiation language on the example of texts of English-language fiction films pp. 103-110

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.32920

Abstract:  The object of this research the communicative peculiarities of negotiation language on the example of English-language movies. Due the growing attention to the means of successful negotiations, the authors raise the relevant question on the need to consider speech aspects of negotiation process. The goal of this work is to analyze the communicative strategies and tactics (“pressure”, “high opening offer”, “disqualification”, “guilt”, “salami”) in the process of negotiations from the perspective of their effectiveness in achieving desired communicative goals. Combination of theoretical overview of the strategies and tactics of negotiation, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of applying tactics to achieve goals of negotiating parties were chosen as the methods for this research. The novelty of this article consist in reference to communicative peculiarities of negotiations in movies that have not previously been the object of analysis in the area of communication studies. The results of this research allowed determining the key strategies and tactics of negotiation in the analyzed films, as well as defining their effectiveness in the negotiation process.
Jia J. - Spatial Concepts within Syntactic Structures: The Topology-Imagery Hypothesis pp. 104-118

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.69810

EDN: DSIXLI

Abstract: The aim of this study is the creation and implementation of a groundbreaking syntactic structure typology, anchored in fundamental cognitive processes. This involves an in-depth classification and analysis of a variety of sentence types, integrating imagistic and spatial categories. This methodology promotes an in-depth comparative analysis, facilitating the discovery of distinctive syntactic features among the languages examined. The research is dedicated to a thorough exploration of sentence structure's topological aspects, scrutinizing the configuration and interplay of linguistic elements. It places particular emphasis on sentences within three diverse linguistic frameworks: Russian, Chinese, and English, thus enabling a comprehensive analysis and the identification of both cross-linguistic similarities and distinctions. This research adopts a multifaceted approach, combining theoretical analysis with comparative study. Such integration of methodologies allows for a nuanced comparison of sentence structures and their semantic roles in Russian, Chinese, and English, highlighting linguistic and cultural differences between these languages. The novelty of this study lies in the cognitive approach to sentence structure analysis and the development of a classification based on three cognitive models: (i) a single main container, (ii) dual main containers without a defined trajectory, and (iii) multiple main containers with distinct trajectories. A key principle of this classification is the integration of topological and imagery elements, underscoring the diversity of syntactic structures against a backdrop of a unified cognitive base, shaped by cultural and linguistic specifics. The findings reveal that sentences in Russian, English, and Chinese exhibit both shared and unique syntactic characteristics, reflecting cultural-cognitive differences, including the Chinese cultural concept of harmonizing opposites, the Russian cultural notion of segmenting the whole into parts, and the English cultural stance situated between these extremes.
Shatilova L.M., Potashova A.A. - Semantic representation of the concept of “fairness” in the sense of “honesty” in of modern politicians (based on English and Russian journalistic texts) pp. 106-115

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.8.33582

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in semantic analysis of the synonyms of the concept of “fairness” in the sense of "honesty" in speech of English-language and Russian-language modern politicians. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of honesty in speech of English and Russian politicians. The existing gaps in comparative linguistics with regards to comparative analysis of the concept of “fairness” and its semantic component in English and Russian journalistic texts define the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt of comparative analysis of the semantic component of the synonyms of core lexemes of “fairness/honesty”, and their functionality in speech of modern politicians reflected in journalistic texts. In English and Russian languages, the concept of “fairness” is described by the following terms: honesty, law, objectivity, truth. The author conducts comparative analysis of semantics of the synonyms of the concept of fairness in the sense of “honesty”. It was established that in English and Russian journalistic texts featuring the speech of modern English and Russian politicians, honesty implies not only an honest attitude towards something, but also moral, professional, and social dignity that inspires respect, as well as informedness of society on the key decisions, freedom of opinion. Honesty is also openness of borders; willingness to consider ideas and opinions that differ from personal; certain rules and measures that do not lead to unworthy or unacceptable results, as well as an independent decision of the highest authorities. However, in speech of English-speaking politicians, honesty carries rather a legal character, as well as social justice; while in speech of Russian-speaking politicians, honesty means failure to commit immoral, antisocial doings, as well; as being honest first and foremost with yourself.
Grubin I.V., Dmitrieva E.I., Ishaeva O.V., Petrenko T.V. - Structural-semantic analysis of the English metaphors in road, aviation, and maritime terminology pp. 106-114

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.35671

Abstract: The goal of this article consists in the analysis of metaphors pertaining to transport in the English language on the example of road, aviation, and maritime terminology. According to the authors, metaphor is the use of words and phrases in a figurative sense based on similarity or analogy. It is established that transport terminology contains a wide variety of terms that are formed with the use of metaphors. The subject of this research is metaphors in the scientific-technical text. The object is metaphors in transport terminology. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the fact that despite sufficient coverage of private terminological systems of specific types of transport, there are very few comprehensive and comparative works. In the course of research, the author determines a new statistical indicator – the index of metaphoricity of terminological system, as well as describes the key semantic and structural peculiarities of the terms-metaphors of different branches of transport. The analysis of language material allows determining that most of the terms formed with the use of metaphors are attributed to metaphors based on associations with the elements of human body and animal kingdom. From structural perspective, it is established that terminological combinations are widely represented among the terms-metaphors of all terminological systems that were subjected to analysis, while simple terms – in the terminological systems of road and aviation transport.
Savina E. - Macrostructural and microstructural stylistic figures based on legal vocabulary describing the form and content of social relations as a means of expressing the author's irony in the third volume of M. Proust's novel "In Search of Lost Time" ("la recherche du temps perdu") "At Guermantes" ("Le Côté de Guermantes") pp. 108-120

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.35575

Abstract: The article analyzes microstructural (metaphor and figurative comparison) and macrostructural (allusion) stylistic figures, including legal vocabulary, through which the author ironically describes both the essence and the form of social relations, primarily between representatives of the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie. Legal terms from the field of criminal procedure, as well as administrative, constitutional, criminal, civil and commercial law used as a figurative part of these figures were selected as the object of the study. Traditionally, terms are divided into commonly used, i.e. used in everyday life; terms used in many branches of knowledge, not only in jurisprudence, but, say, also in logic, and special legal terms that indicate phenomena peculiar to law. In this work we use the methods of lexical, semantic and stylistic analysis. For the analysis of stylistic figures, we turn to the classification of J. Molyneux, who divides them into macrostructural (not having any pronounced features; not always noticeable in the text and may not be understood: in our case, this is an allusion to the situation from constitutional law) and microstructural (immediately noticeable in the text; used to create them vocabulary cannot be replaced by another; they are understood unambiguously; in our case, these are metaphors and figurative comparisons). Through the use of these figures, the author's irony is expressed at all levels: both in describing the social relations of aristocrats and bourgeois among their own kind, and in their interaction with each other. In the contexts under consideration, the "sublime" vocabulary also sometimes coexists with the vocabulary of a more "low" style, which allows you to create a contrast between how certain social relations are seen by the characters and what they really are.
Ding L. - Russian and Chinese phraseological units of religious themes with components-numerals five, seven and ten pp. 108-116

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43595

EDN: TMRFRZ

Abstract: This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the numbering phraseological units with a religious component in the Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. The object of the study is phraseological units of the Russian and Chinese languages of religious themes containing components-numerals five, seven and ten. The subject of the study is the linguistic and national-cultural features of Russian and Chinese phraseological units with a religious component. In order to identify and describe the similarities and differences in the vision of the world peculiar to the Russian and Chinese peoples, such research methods and techniques as linguistic and cultural analysis, comparative method, descriptive method, etymological analysis, etc. were used. The tasks of this article are carried out with the help of linguistic and cultural analysis of some fragments of the national mentality reflected in the mirror of phraseology. The scientific novelty of the work consists in a detailed study of numeral phraseological units with a religious component in two languages. It seems that Russian phraseological units containing components- the numerals seven and ten, mainly carry a connotative meaning, denoting completeness and perfection. In Chinese, phraseological units with the above components have a closer connection with Taoist teaching than with Buddhism and Confucianism. The comparative study of numeral phraseological units in both languages contributes to the penetration into a different cultural reality, the understanding of the ethnocultural specifics of the numerical code associated with the religious sphere.
Gurkova A.V. - Lexical indicators of exaggeration and understatement of the time of the English language (based on the material of literary texts) pp. 108-116

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.43433

EDN: HIVJSP

Abstract: The subject of the study is the exaggeration and understatement of the phenomenon in the modern English art text. The object of the study are nouns that act as a means of depicting an exaggerated and understated time continuum. The author examines in detail the semantics of such lexemes as second, minute, moment, year, hour, day, age and their changes within the framework of combinations with other lexical units, during which time intervals are stretched or narrowed. Special attention is paid to the presence of dictionary and author's phrases in the fiction text of the fiction genre, their quantitative calculation and analysis of the frequency of use. The novelty of the research lies in the search for new non-dictionary and author's phrases that are able to reflect time in terms of its exaggeration and understatement. Such an image of time affects the description of the hero, their actions, the characteristics of not only places, but also specific characters. A special flow of time in the context of a fiction genre literary text is caused by a different flow of the time continuum. The main conclusions of the study are the identification of a high frequency of the use of non-dictionary phrases for exaggeration and understatement of time, as well as a change in the meaning of dictionary phrases that are enclosed in the context of a dicteme that allows to expand the semantics of the proposed vocabulary combination of lexemes.
Zhgun D. - Cases of Asymmetry between Semantic and Pragmatic Meanings in Emotional and Evaluative Utterances (Based on the Analysis of English Fiction) pp. 109-117

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30344

Abstract: The subject of the article is emotional and evaluative utterances in literary texts. The article briefly appraises the current research of emotions in linguistics, emphasizing their role in communication. The linguistic data are also enforced by theories from psychology. The author thoroughly studies emotional and evaluative utterances that reveal asymmetry between the semantic and pragmatic meanings. Emotional and evaluative utterances are defined as utterances that express, imply or describe emotions, emotional states and reactions. Asymmetry is defined as the deviation from the norm as a result of a language natural functioning. Research methods include definition, semantic and pragmatic analyses of emotional and evaluative utterances, selected from English fiction by the continuous sampling method. The author comes to conclusion that asymmetry occurs due to the subjective experience of emotions and linguistically manifests itself in reverse reactions and ambivalence. It has been revealed that true knowledge about emotion is context dependent and it is the context that shows whether emotion is appraised positively or negatively.
Serbin V.A. - Borrowings in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language pp. 110-124

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34698

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of techniques of external enrichment of terminology of the Vietnamese language. An attempt is made to examine the phenomenon of borrowing of foreign words in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language. The author explores the factors of borrowing, carries out classification by origin and source of borrowing. The relevance of this work is defined by the need to systematize knowledge on the foreign borrowings in military terminology of Vietnamese language at the current stage of its development, rapid advancement of military science, new technologies, integration of Vietnam into the global community, and, thus, the emergence of vast foreign lexicon from Western languages, including in terminology. The novelty consists in systematization, generalization, and analysis of the methods of foreign borrowing in Vietnamese language and sectoral terminologies, particularly in military terminology. The conclusion is made that military terminology of Vietnamese language contains 80% of borrowings from foreign languages. According to the source of borrowing, foreign words are divided into two groups: of Sino origin (Hán Việt), and of Indo-European origin. The basis of borrowings is comprised of the terms of Hán Việt origin, which in have assimilated and currently are fully functional units of Vietnamese language. At the present stage, most of the words are borrowed from the English language; the majority of loanwords from European languages in Vietnamese language are attributes to semantic (word-forming and semantic calques). This method of borrowing often makes the terms too complex, difficult to remember and use. Borrowings from European languages, which currently infiltrate into Vietnamese language without changing their graphic form, are pronounced in accordance with the phonetic norms of Vietnamese language.
Itskovich T.V. - The value of family among youth (based on conversational language of youth) pp. 110-117

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34703

Abstract: The subject of this research is the conversational language of modern youth, which is thematically diverse, as followed from fulfilling grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “Language that is commonly used in a family: axiological reality and methods of research (based on the conversational language of a Ural city)”, 2018-2020. Emphasis was placed on the topic of family values and parenting, which is explained by high relevance of this topic for young people. The goal consists in description of axiological reality of modern students in the area of family relations. In the course of analysis, the author uses the methodology developed by the grant collective, which implies determination of the value aspects of thematic and communicative content in text of the dialogue. The dialogue implements a number of value orientations inherent to the Russian national culture, such as: marriage, childbirth, parenting, relation to older generation. Participants of the dialogue describe parental attitudes that pertain to family and reality overall. The recordings of conversational speech of youth demonstrate that respondents directly explicate family values, as well as anti-values. Implicitly, the analyzed text contains the value of love and kindness. Analysis of the text indicates that respondent prefer harmonious and nonconfrontational communication. Unanimity in the value attitudes is reflected in communicative behavior: the respondents approve the raised topics, agree with the declared value orientations, and avoid conflict behavior.
Bobodzhanova L. - Peculiarities of national cultural adaptation of Grimm's Fairy Tales when translated into Russian pp. 111-120

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33627

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of fairy tales as a special genre of children's fiction literature with unique features and a long history. In the course of this work, the author gives definitions to the key concepts; examines correlation between the literary fairly tale and folk fairy tale, evolution of fairy tale genre, namely the works of Brothers Grimm. The article the stages of establishment of fairy tales as an independent genre in the history of literature. An attempt is made to determine the genre similarities that make fairy tales comprehensible within the framework of other linguocultures. Special attention is turned to the specificities of national cultural adaptation in translation of fairy tales from German into Russia, taking into account the peculiarities of translation transformations. The conducted analysis allows concluding that children’s fairy tale literature is a reflection of the national linguistic worldview, and largely depends on the existing in the society national cultural traits, mentality and perception of the world. These facts indicate that translation and adaptation of fairy tale literature requires the translator to understand the uniqueness of worldview of the people affiliating to different cultures, as well as convey the national cultural identity and specificities of foreign perception and mentality of the representatives of various linguocultures.
Solovyeva A. - Analysis of the contextual environment of English military aviation terminology in professional texts pp. 111-121

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38033

Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the contextual environment of English military aviation terminology in professional texts. The purpose of this study is to determine which linguistic units surround the terms in the texts, what are the features of their compatibility with each other. In accordance with this goal, the tasks can be formulated as follows: to determine in which texts military aviation terms appear, to distinguish from them those that should be classified as professional; to divide the terms of professional texts into groups according to their frequency; to determine which syntactic models are involved in the formation of the contextual environment of terminology and how productive they are. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to analyze the contextual environment of military aviation terms simultaneously in several genres of professional texts. In the course of the work, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as statistical methods were used. Based on the results of the study, the author identified the main genres of professional texts in which military aviation terms function; analyzed structural and grammatical models of the formation of free and terminological phrases with terms, established the relationship between the frequency of terms and the diversity of their contextual environment. The results of the study can be used both in the practice of teaching aviation English, and in the practice of developing computer systems for recognizing terms in texts, as well as analyzing their compatibility.
Sakharov I.A. - Peculiarities of the Borrowed Electric Vehicle Terms Adaptation in Modern French Language pp. 112-123

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38772

EDN: MLJSZH

Abstract: The object of the study is the borrowed terms in the modern French scientific and technical literature on electric vehicles. The subject of the study is the etymological, functional, morphological, phonetic and semantic characteristics of terms and their influence on the process of their francization. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the assimilation process and the types of assimilation of the electric vehicle terms borrowed into the French language. Evaluation of the process may be important for understanding the formation of new French terms systems. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the terms of the electric vehicles, the factors influencing the development of the terms system, the methods of assimilation. The study concludes that the process of assimilation of borrowed terms of electric vehicle in the French language proceeds under the influence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The classifications of borrowed vocabulary are compared to group borrowings according to the degree of assimilation. The borrowed terms with partial assimilation in French change their phonetic and graphic forms, participate in word formation with prefixes and suffixes, may lose their original meaning, and acquire a specific one. Fully assimilated terms are indistinguishable from the native vocabulary, whereas for non-assimilated borrowings, comments or synonyms are required. The study of the assimilation process can be continued by a more detailed study of certain types of assimilation (graphic, phonetic, semantic, etc.) of borrowed terms in the new terms systems in French using the created classifications.
Zhang T. - Pun in the Chinese advertisement texts pp. 113-123

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.32175

Abstract: This article reviews and analyzes pun in the Chinese advertisement texts. Pun is a literary technique that in the same contexts uses different meanings of similarly sounding single word, different words or phrases. In the Chinese advertisements pun is used as an instrument of linguistic manipulation for imparting a humorous effect or instigating targeted audience to utilize their imagination for decoding a message. Usage of pun in advertising attaches a meaning to an expression, which seems hard to understand, but in reality, it simply attracts consumer’s attention and incites them to buy advertised goods based on the background knowledge. In accordance with the selectmen material, communicative-pragmatic method is recognized as most relevant allowing to consider linguistic peculiarities of the text, as well as extralinguistic circumstances and factors. Pun plays an important role in creating advertisement texts. Bright and positive texts that contain pun are capable of expressing a deeper meaning and convey larger volume of information in comparison with the traditional advertising. Such advertising helps to represent a company and characteristics of a product in a simple and understandable format and ensure product marketing.
Shal'nova E.P., Garanina N.V., Guseva A.A., Zharikova D.A., Kondrakova A.A. - On the demand for advertising products (advertising text and advertising slogan) created in the light of the knowledge of the system of modern Russian language, skills and competencies formed on the basis of such knowledge (the description of practical experience) pp. 114-125

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.8.36120

Abstract: The subject of the research is the following questions: 1) do the knowledge, skills and competencies acquired in the course of discipline “Modern Russian Language” and the discipline “Culture of Speech” as part of the discipline “Modern Russian Language” contribute to the creation of advertising products; 2) is there is a  market demand for advertising products created based on the knowledge, skills and competencies acquired in the course of the discipline “Modern Russian Language” and the discipline “Culture of Speech” as part of the discipline “Modern Russian Language”. The article describes the practical experience of creation of advertising products (advertising text and advertising slogan), and assessment of their demand on the advertising market. The authors determine the sense of demand for advertising products created on the basis of the developed professional competencies. It is established that the acquired knowledge and skills formed thereof do help to create a high-quality advertising product. The authors experimentally prove the high demand for advertising products created in the light of the knowledge of the Russian language system, skills and competencies formed on the basis of such knowledge. The scientific novelty lies in carrying out the experiment that proves the demand on the advertising market for knowledge, skills and competencies acquired in the course of studying classical humanities disciplines “Modern Russian Language” and “Culture of Speech”. The practical importance of this research consists in a positive answer to the question on the demand for knowledge of the system of modern Russian language, communicative qualities of speech, skills and competencies formed on the basis of such knowledge. The relevance of this article also consists in conveying positive experience to the upcoming generation of students majoring in “Advertising and Public Relations”.
Akimova O. - Generic Trademarks with the Semantic Role of the AGENT in the English Blog Discourse Event Schemas pp. 116-122

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.24598

Abstract: The subject of the research is the generic trademarks that play the semantic role of the AGENT in the English blog discourse event schemas. The aim of the research is to reveal cognitive discursive peculiarities of generic pragmonyms that play the semantic role of the AGENT in representative event schemas of the English blog discourse based on the integrated linguistic and cognitive analysis. The rationale of the research is caused by the role of generic pragmonyms as one of the most productive sources of enriching the vocabulary as well as the units that influence the linguistic consciousness and create new cognitive structures. To achieve the research targets, the researcher has applied a combination of such research methods as discursive and contextual analysis and conceptual modelling. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the researcher carries out an integral analysis of peculiar use of English generic pragmonyms playing the role of the AGENT in the event schemes represented by the means of the English blog discourse. The author comes to the conclusion that apart from deonimized pragmonyms that designate living creatures capable of perception and cognition, some generic pragmonyms play the role of the AGENT based on the metaphoric or metonymic transfer of meaning. 
Chilingaryan K.P. - Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect) pp. 116-123

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35737

Abstract: The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for typological description of the Russian and Armenian languages, as well as for teaching these languages to non-native speakers. The presented materials broaden scientific representations on multifacetedness of development of fusional declension on the example of two quite different languages within the same language family.
Zhu Y. - Emotivity Category as a Means of Popularizing the Political Propaganda Video of the Communist Party of China (CPC) pp. 117-125

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39445

EDN: LBXMWG

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of the emotional categories in the implementation of political propaganda and the formation of public opinion. The subject of the paper is the peculiarities of the characteristics of the emotional category, the object is the Russian version of political propaganda video "Communist Party of China". The paper adopts descriptive, contextual, and emotive analysis methods. The video is a human-centred text, in which the personalization phenomena are the sources of the emotional category: the personalization in this video (CPC acts as one character) allows us to form a positive, attractive image of the CPC. The verbal (lexical, syntactic means) and non-verbal emotional components of the video (soundtrack, video sequence, color scheme) are identified, the interaction of which contributes to the emergence of a positive emotional impact exerted by the video on the recipient, and the formation of a positive image of the CPC as a great party leading the country to prosperity, which should leave a positive impression on the recipient. In conclusion, we state that emotional categories play a major role in creating emotional impressions, which is closely related to the technique of personalization. The point of innovation of the paper is emphasized the role of this personalized method in popularizing political propaganda.
Dousti Niri Z.M., Sheykhi Jolandan N. - Semantic analysis of the words denoting the term "reason" in Persian pp. 117-125

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43486

EDN: TNAFKF

Abstract: The term "reason" refers not only to linguistics, but also to a number of other sciences, including philosophy and logic. In Russian and Persian there are different words denoting the cause. However, each of them has a specific shade of meaning that distinguishes it from the others. These words include: علت ( ellat), سبب ( sabab), and دلیل ( delilah), the reason, cause, etc. And there are also some cases when it is possible to replace these words, and in some cases it is impossible to replace them with each other. This work is devoted to the semantic properties of Persian words denoting the cause, as well as their relationship with similar Russian words. Here we briefly talk about the words that denote the term "reason" in Persian and their relationship, as well as the difference between them, and also compares them with Russian equivalents. This study will help Russian-speaking students who study Persian in understanding of different Persian words - synonyms, as well as help Russian and Iranian translators to choose an adequate words when translating texts from Russian into Persian and vice versa.
Vepreva I., Pikuleva Y. - Family axiosphere: to the problem of inventory of basic values (on the material of recording of conversational speech) pp. 118-130

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34705

Abstract: The goal of this work consists on determination of specificity of axiological content of the speech commonly used in a modern family. The dialogical material of Ural citizens united by the commonality of family relations was accumulated; the audio recordings were translated into written form (700,000 characters). The author developed a heuristic procedure for linguo-axiological analysis of conversational speech based on the content of family communication. The two types of speech communication depending on the vector speech behavior towards the content of conversation (content plan) or the addressee (communication plan). The value-thematic and value-communicative fragments of the dialogue are determined respectively. Fragmentation of dialogues on the value basis provides the researcher with the set of compact structural units of analysis appropriate for identification of value meanings of dialogue of the respondents. The author highlights direct and implicit linguistic cues of verbalization of value representations of linguistic identity; acquires the typology of verbal explication of basic values, systematization of axiological representations within the family. The first block of values is determined based on the analysis of value-thematic fragments. It includes universal values, as well as the groups of values related to family relationships, household, and values that receive public recognition. The second block of values is determines based on the analysis of communication-value fragments. It includes groups of values associated with general communication values and values of family interactions.
Kravchenko M.A. - Metalanguage reflection in modern advertising, or when metatext is more important than text pp. 118-130

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.37948

EDN: WRQXSE

Abstract: The article considers the advertising language as a specific linguistic phenomenon, the main characteristics of which are creativity, interactivity, expressiveness, culturogenicity, intertextuality and polycode. These characteristics of the advertising language, which determine its uniqueness, were the result of the influence of external and internal factors. An external factor is the pragmatic nature of advertising, which manifests itself in its suggestive orientation. The internal factor determining the uniqueness of the advertising language is the orientation of the producer to the code. The advertiser consciously and carefully selects the method of encoding the message, so the creation of the advertising text takes place in the process of deep metalanguage reflection: creolized texts of modern advertising are permeated with metalanguage contexts. The analysis of the corpus of examples of modern advertising texts, taking into account the assumptions put forward, allows us to conclude that a high concentration of meta-texts is one of the main defining features of advertising discourse. The objectives of this article are to identify and manifest the key characteristics of the advertising language; to resolve the question of how legitimate the very fact of distinguishing the "advertising language" as a specific linguistic construct can be considered; to determine the key parameter that forms the "superstructure" of the advertising language over the basis of natural language. The key characteristics of the advertising language are determined by the communicative orientation of advertising texts. The latter is purely pragmatic in nature. The main purpose of the advertising text is to have an effective impact on the recipient. Moreover, this effect is characterized as indirect, having a manipulative nature. The suggestiveness of advertising is perceived as its immanent property and basic category. At the center of the study of the language of modern advertising is the problem of the correlation of text and metatext. Metalanguage reflection plays a great role in the creation of advertising texts. Creolized texts of modern advertising are permeated with metalanguage contexts. A high concentration of meta-texts is one of the main features of discourse. For the advertising discourse, this feature is decisive.
Hu Y. - The opposition "justice – injustice" in Russian and Chinese paroemias pp. 120-131

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.36480

EDN: JTWSXM

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the binary opposition "justice – injustice" on the material of Russian and Chinese paroemias in the linguoculturological aspect. Russian Russian linguistic and cultural analysis was carried out against the background of the Chinese language in order to identify the national and cultural specifics of the selected paremiological units in the Russian language and Chinese worldview. The object of the study is Russian paroemias that verbalize the opposition "justice – injustice". The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural specificity of the analyzed Russian proverbs and sayings against the background of the Chinese language. Russian Russian dictionaries of proverbs and sayings, phraseological dictionaries of the Chinese language, illustrative material presented on the website of the National Corpus of the Russian Language serve as the material of the study (www.ruscorpora.ru ) and other Internet resources. The description of the oppositional attitude is appropriate when studying paremia, since the expression of moral values through the opposite attitude is of particular interest when studying the linguistic picture of the world. The work carried out a semantic analysis of key lexemes, highlighted different situations in which there is or is not a sign of justice, and also made some specific observations and conclusions about the functioning of these paroemias in literary and journalistic texts. The developed materials can be used in reading special courses on phraseology and intercultural communication, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Shakhnazaryan V.M. - To the question on studying national versions of multinational languages (on the example of Mexican national version of Spanish) pp. 121-128

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33693

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the currently relevant question of linguistic variation. The goal consists in the analysis of key approaches towards studying the peculiarities of Mexican national version of Spanish. The subject of this research is the specificities of systemic, logical, linguistic, and cognitive-pragmatic approaches towards studying national versions of multinational languages. The starting point is the statement that problem of determination and structurization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of the genesis, statics and dynamics (state and functionality) of this national version of the modern Spanish lingual system requires a more detailed and thorough analysis. Within the framework of this article, the author considers the systematic, logical, linguistic, cognitive-pragmatic approaches and their specificity, substantiated by the peculiarities of studying linguistic and speech means of the Mexican national version of Spanish as an independent national-cultural model of the linguistic worldview. Russian and foreign Romance philology has a number of works dedicated to the topic at hand. However, the question of systematization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of development, current state, and national-cultural specificities of functionality of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical linguistic units, which determine the differences between Mexican national version of Spanish and other versions, remains unresolved.
Popova L.G., Shatilova L.M., Khukhuni G.T., Krasnikova A.D. - Linguistic characteristics of the German letter of recommendation (diachronic aspect) pp. 121-132

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.37379

Abstract: This article discusses the features of letters of recommendation: types, structure and criteria for evaluating work certificates. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that letters of recommendation have been around for a long time and are an integral part of the business sphere in Germany. Given the lack of workbooks in Germany, providing a letter of recommendation for consideration by a potential employer is a prerequisite. This speech genre requires detailed attention and consideration from the point of view of linguistic and structural features. The object of research is the speech genre "recommendation letter". The subject of the study are structural and substantive features, types of letters of recommendation. The purpose of the work is to consider the types and features of letters of recommendation in the German language in a diachronic aspect. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the types and linguistic characteristics of the German-language recommendation letter are studied from the standpoint of diachrony. The research material was a German website containing archives of old letters of recommendation: Arbeitszeugnis-forum.de.In the course of the study, it was found out that the most preferable is a qualified letter of recommendation containing a detailed description of the employee and opening him a wider range of further career opportunities. Qualified recommendation letters in German have the following features: 1) a letter of recommendation must comply with the principles of truth and benevolence, therefore it must be written positively; 2) a qualified letter contains information about the work performed, various qualities and achievements of the employee, about his behavior among colleagues and clients, as well as thanks and wishes for the future. The analysis of letters of recommendation showed that until 1900, there were mainly simple working certificates in use in Germany. The letter of recommendation did not have a clear structure. The qualified certificate has received great relevance and has been supplemented with characteristics, approximately, since the 1940s.
Gladkova O.K. - The ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" in English travel notes of the XIX century pp. 122-133

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35812

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" in the texts of English-language travel notes. The author and potential reader of travel notes are representatives of their own culture, and the described image of Russians is "alien". It is shown that the image of the "alien" is presented in many words using the concepts of "other" and "other". The opposition "friend-foe" expands, forming a quadriadum "friend: other, other, alien". Each member of the quadriad exhibits a different degree of axiological intensity. "Other" means a neutral or positive assessment, "other" - a neutral assessment, "alien" - a negative assessment. Special attention is paid to the subjectivity of the author's assessment of not his own culture. Evaluation can vary depending on various extralinguistic factors. As a result of the study, the gradual nature of the "friend-foe" opposition and its axiological marking were established. The author's perception of the new culture does not consist only of the extreme values of "own" = "good", "alien" - "bad". The evaluation of "one's own" and "someone else's" is not stable: "one's own" can be both positive and negative. The assessment of the "stranger" is also capable of changing from negative to neutral or negative. The change of cultural realities during the author's journey sets the evaluative orientation of the category and fixes it on the evaluation scale - "other" - "neutral", "other" - "good", "alien" -"bad". The complex of lexical means that explicitly or implicitly axiologically mark the opposition "friend-foe" was also analyzed. This article for the first time analyzes the ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" on the material of English travel notes of the XIX century. The genre of travel notes best illustrates the author's presence in another culture, as a result of which the border between "one's own" and "someone else's" is actualized.
Khabarov A.A. - Delimitation of the concepts of "speech", "discourse" and "text" in the light of modern linguistic concepts pp. 123-131

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.1.35281

Abstract: As an integrative cross-disciplinary phenomenon, discourse requires critical comprehension in synergistic unity with the differentiating parameters of the text and processes of generation and perception of speech, taking into account ethnopsychological, cultural, linguocognitive and structural-logical factors of communication. The author carries out a comparative analysis of the research of discourse in its correlation with speech and text as macrounits of cognitive and speech activity. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the theory of discourse is currently undergoing fundamental transformations that reflect changes in the conceptual and terminological framework, the emergence of new methodologies and objects of linguistic research. Contrastive description of the triad "speech-discourse-text" is conducted through the prism of semantic-structural, communicative and socio-pragmatic approaches in modern linguistics. The thesis is advanced that discursology, as a cross-disciplinary scientific discipline should possess the objective instruments for analyzing and grading discourse as a subject matter in all national languages. The article provides theoretical generalization of a range of research dedicated to examination of the phenomenology of speech, discourse and text in the light of modern linguistic concepts. Leaning on the thesis on mutual conditionality of structural-semantic parameters of the text, the author carries out a comparative analysis of a number of fundamental theoretical works of foreign and Russian linguists in the field of speech activity, modeling of the psychological processes of speech, as well as semantics of the discourse and semantic structure of the text. The problematic of studying the trichotomy "speech-discourse-text" affects more and more fields of linguistics and expands discursology as a separate scientific discipline. The comparative analysis of terminological units demonstrates that the distributive examination of the concepts of "discourse", "speech" and "text" in modern linguistics is primarily substantiated by the traditional culturological, ontological and methodological factors, and is associated with a variety of approaches, instruments for analysis, and categorical-conceptual framework.
Parfenenko E.N., Popova L.G., Nifanova T.S. - Lexical-semantic representation of periphery of the notional component of the concept “clemency” in the English and Russian languages pp. 124-131

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.33202

Abstract: The goal of this work became the identification of similarities and differences of peripheral conceptual attributes of clemency in the English and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and Russian lexemes representing the notional component of the concept of clemency in the compared languages, placed in the core and on the periphery of the concept. The concept of clemency was selected due to insufficient study of its verbalization in comparative linguistics. On the materials of lexicographic sources, the author determines the composition of nuclear lexemes and their synonyms that are capable of reflecting peripheral conceptual attributes of clemency in the English and Russian languages. The scientific novelty of this research consists in the fact that it is first to establish similarities and differences of peripheral conceptual attributes of clemency in the English and Russian languages. It is determined that core of the concept in English language is binominal and represented by the lexemes clemency and pardon; while in Russian language it is monomial. In conclusion, the author reveals that on the periphery of the concept in question in the English language are the lexemes grace, oblivion, allowance, indulgence, leniency, which are the synonyms of nuclear lexemes; and in the Russian language, there are  fewer synonyms of nuclear lexeme – apology, mercy, grace, remission. Comparison of the composition of peripheral conceptual attributes of clemency in the English and Russian languages demonstrated that they differ for the most part. Thus, the peripheral conceptual attributes of clemency in the English language is the comprehension of forgiveness as leniency with regards to a human being who committed the transgression, as a punishment, but in mitigated form. In the Russian language, the understanding of forgiveness as condescension to the transgression and aiding the one who transgressed.
Ding Q. - In accordance with the laws of the genre: the peculiarities of using uppercase letters in Internet memes and postcards pp. 124-143

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35755

Abstract: Internet memes and postcards as the popular carriers of Internet communications, implement new, simplified in literary and aesthetic level forms of communication. The process of creating such genres entails departure from orthographic rules, among which is the use of uppercase letters. The subject of the research is the determination of peculiarities of practical use of uppercase letters in Internet memes and postcards. The goal is to follow the observance of orthographic rules in these genres regarding the use of uppercase letters, as well as to identify the stylistic peculiarities of these two genres and characteristic use of uppercase letters. The relevance and scientific novelty of this article consists in examination of content creation for Internet memes and postcards, rather than memes themselves. Extralinguistic roots of the problem of liberal use or inobservance of uppercase letters are detected on the linguistic basis. The research leans on the content from open sources. The conclusion is made that both linguistic genres represent the examples of mass communications addressed primarily to the users with lower aesthetic demand; different linguistic gradation lead to certain departure from orthographic rules in both genres; this may not be progressive from the perspective of language development, but rather be oriented towards primitivization of content.
Bykova L., Tadzhibova A. - Functioning of the Expanded Metaphor in Modern Press pp. 125-137

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.4.27816

Abstract: The subject of the research is the modern Russian and German press that contains examples of the use of expanded metaphors. Cognitive metaphors are actively used by journalists to perform one of the main functions of press, to influence the reader and develop the public opinion. The object of the research is the peculiarities of functioning of expanded metaphoric models. The aim of the research is to give a definition of what metaphoric models are the most productive in analytical newspapers in German and Russian. Having used the random sampling technique, the authors have selected Russian and German online publications that contain one or several expanded metaphoric models. The results of the research demonstrate that military, morbial, game and criminal metaphoric models are the most productive in press. The authors demonstrate text-forming features of a metaphor. The use of several sources of metaphoric modelling in a journalistic text increases its visualizatino features and makes it panoramic and understandable for readers.   
Shakhnazaryan V.M., Kazakova I.E. - Translation peculiarities of national-cultural lexicon (on the example of territorial dialect of Spanish language in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo and New Zealand national version of English language) pp. 125-133

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34870

Abstract: The goal of this article is to determine the peculiarities of translation of national-cultural lexicon based on the analysis of Maisms (Mexican national lexical units of Spanish language in the state of Quintana Roo) and Maorisms (New Zealand national lexical units of English language). The article substantiates the need for knowing accuracies and specifics of formation and development of lexical units of national-cultural nature. Lexical units are examined in their historical evolution, as well as in modern synchronous context. Semantic meanings of the aforementioned terms are viewed through the prism of translation paradigm. The research material contains the survey of informants – residents of the indicated regions, as well as unilingual and bilingual academic dictionaries. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive examination of specific characteristics of translation of the national-cultural lexicon on the example of two unrelated lexical national-cultural groups, as well as in analysis of the relevant lexical changes of linguistic units at the current stage of development of New Zealand version of English language and territorial dialect of Spanish language in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It is proven that lack of knowledgeability of translators in the field of lexical aspects of the national-cultural language leads to misperception and subsequent inaccurate interpretation of speech patterns, oral and written texts.
Kaverina V., Wang Y. - Criteria for writing compound nouns (contact-hyphen) in modern Russian orthography pp. 126-138

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43527

EDN: TNBZIY

Abstract: The subject of the study is the regularities of the distribution of merged and hyphenated spellings of complex nouns in modern rules. Special attention is paid to identifying the main criteria for the design of the words of the studied group in the "Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation" of 1956, which still have the status of a set of spelling norms of the state language. Since the current rules are outdated, the work also considers the prescriptions of updated, but not having an official status, academic rulebooks: the complete academic handbook of 2006 and the newest electronic resource of OROSS "Spelling commentary of the Russian Dictionary" by E. V. Beshenkova, O. E. Ivanova, E. V. Tenkova. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it analyzes the modern rules of spelling of complex nouns and the criteria underlying them. The established inconsistency of codification of these norms originates in the "Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation" of 1956 and is further developed in modern reference and educational literature, in particular in the complete academic handbook of 2006. As a result, it is concluded that it is necessary to include in the basic set of spelling rules a section containing the basic rules for distinguishing between merged and hyphenated spellings, set out briefly, simply and clearly.
Shukurov D.L. - Nomination of God in Biblical-theological tradition of Eastern (Oriental) Christians pp. 129-141

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33802

Abstract: The goal of this research is the philological examination of principles of nomination of God in the Oriental theological tradition of Christianity. The concurrent conceptual objective lies in comparison of Eastern Christian (Oriental) doctrine of nominations of God and the Cappadocian divine onomatology. The subject of this article is the so-called revealed nomination Other nominations of God are interpreted as replacements for the proper name of the Biblical God Yahweh, the profane usage of which was a taboo back in the Old Testament era. The research employs the methodological principles of Biblical exegetics and linguistic hermeneutics. The author differentiates the exegetic and hermeneutic approaches accepted in the theological science. It implies that that the firs is associated with the particular philological methods of interpretation of Biblical texts, while the second – with the theological generalizations and interpretations that are based on the results of exegetic explication. The conclusion is made that the key features of Syriac (and Eastern overall) divine onomatology consist in a distinct categorization of divine nominations, among which special status belongs to the proper name (nomen proprium) of God, which is inherited by Eastern Christians from the Old Testament Jewish traditions; as well as in preservation of the common to Old Testament religiosity sacralization of the name of God as a source of sanctifying power and symbol of God’s presence. Therefore, within the Syriac Christian tradition, which prompted the development of traditions of all Eastern (Oriental) non-Chalcedonian churches, was formed a special type of divine onomatology based on the Old Testament cult of the nomination of God, which is an attribute of semitic sense of the world, manifested in linguistic peculiarities of Biblical translations into Semitic languages (Targum and Peshitta).
Potyakailo S.A. - Bibliometric analysis of research paradigms in linguistics pp. 129-140

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38210

EDN: POFKDM

Abstract: The paper discusses issues related to the bibliometric analysis of current linguistic paradigms in the framework of scientific specialties 10.02.19 – Theory of Language and 10.02.04 – Germanic languages for the period from 2000 to 2020. The subject of the study is the patterns, trends and prospects for the development of current linguistic paradigms. The purpose of the work is to analyze dissertation research of scientific specialties 10.02.04 – Germanic languages and 10.02.19 – Language theory selected using structural bibliometry methods, as well as to identify promising areas for the development of the science of linguistics. In the course of the study, it was possible to substantiate the structure of the transition from one linguistic paradigm to another. Due to the permanently decreasing relevance and the need to study topics identified by keywords defining current linguistic paradigms, as well as the constant regression in publication activity, a crisis is brewing in science, according to which scientists partially or fully cannot substantiate the existing problems, the so-called anomalies, within the framework of the paradigm under study. An undoubted marker of the future bifurcation point, the moment when quantitative will turn into qualitative, is the level of research publications that dropped below the level of 2000 in 2020. The stages of T. Kuhn's theory can be traced throughout the 20s, and the data obtained by bibliometric analysis indicate a crisis in linguistic research.
Boyarkina A.A. - Representation of the Green Color in Journalistic Texts by English and German Nouns and Verbs pp. 131-144

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39149

EDN: YGFVYW

Abstract: The purpose of the proposed work is to identify similarities and differences in the manifestation of green symbolism in English and German journalistic texts, the sources of which were online media. The subject of the study is the semantics of English and German nouns and verbs representing the green color in the compared languages. The symbolism of this color designation was chosen due to its insufficient study in the framework of comparative linguistics. In this article, based on the material of lexicographic sources, the dictionary meanings of these lexemes are determined, which can display the symbolism of the studied color in journalistic texts in English and German. The scientific novelty of this study is that for the first time it establishes similarities and differences in the transmission of green symbolism through nouns and verbs on the material of modern English and German journalistic texts. It was found that in English texts, in comparison with German texts, a greater number of nouns denoting green are used. In the course of the study, the comparative method, the method of semantic analysis, the modeling method, the quantitative method and the method of component analysis were used. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that in English journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color, represented by nouns and verbs, is used to neutralize the green color of objects of material reality. In addition, the green color is able to display the positive symbolism of the permission of the requested action, environmental protection. In German journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color can be both positive and negative. Basically, there is a positive symbolism of green when it comes to environmental protection. The symbolism can also be negative when the political activity of the Green Party in Germany is sharply criticized.
Sun' J. - Semantic compatibility and construction of the denominative relative clause "in the spirit" pp. 132-140

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.1.36984

Abstract: This article is dedicated to semantic compatibility of the denominative relative clause "in the spirit" and its construction. The relevance of this research consists in the need for comprehensive analysis of such lexical units that are refereed to as functional words, however, have the characteristics of the nominal. The object of this research is the denominative relative clause "in the spirit". The subject is determination of the construction of this relative clause and its semantic compatibility with other linguistic units. The article aims to reveal the semantic and constructive peculiarities of the denominative relative clause “in the spirit” leaning on the analyzed linguistic material. Detailed description is given to the two-term construction of the relative clause "in the spirit", its right and left components. This study explains the semantic component of the relative clause "in the spirit", which reflects the relations of similarity, correspondence, or singularity. This article is first to examine the denominative relative clause "in the spirit" form the perspective of semantic compatibility and construction, which determines the scientific novelty. The denominative relative clause “in the spirit" usually expresses semantics that describes the correspondence of object, action, event or phenomenon to certain characteristics. Context analysis demonstrates that the relative clause forms a two-term construction with the left and right component. The lexical-semantic composition of the right and left components can be expressed in a variety of lexical ways. The left component of the relative clause "in the spirit" for the most part is represented by verbal lexicon, while the right component – by nominal lexicon. The conclusion is made that the signs described in the semantic structure of the relative clause “in the spirit” have direct and indirect methods of characterization. The indirect method lies in reference to the phenomenon, event, or historical fact; while the direct method of characterization is not attributed to a particular event.
Bakanova A.V., Terentieva E.D. - Means of artistic expression in the language of Spanish folklore pp. 132-143

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38364

EDN: JXEQHW

Abstract: The article examines the traditional means of artistic expression in Spanish folklore texts. The subject of the study is hyperbole, antithesis, comparison, constant epithet, which play a special role in the language of Spanish folklore. The distinctive features of the artistic system of folklore are the use of tropes at all levels of narration, the dependence of the stylistic design of the text on genre specifics, the predominance of a special polyexpressive, harmonic style in most folklore works. In addition, each genre of folklore has a functional and emotional characteristic, a special intonation, the creation of which is aimed at using the means of artistic expression. The types of tropes analyzed in the article are traditional and typical of Spanish folklore texts and illustrate the specifics of folklore allegory and artistic expressiveness. The conclusions of the study are based on the analysis of the artistic system and linguistic features of small and large genre forms of Spanish folklore. The minor intonation of a Spanish lullaby (canciones de cuna, monerías nanas), filled with repetitions, comparisons and personifications, differs from the major character of game and dance-song folklore (juegos, cancioncillas, ruedas, bailes), where the use of dialogical form, shouts and imperative mood, special rhyme and accents. The imagery of Spanish proverbs and sayings (proverbios, refranes) is expressed in the use of various artistic techniques with a general sententious character – metaphors, metonymy and synecdoche, syntactic parallelism, rhyme, alliteration. For Spanish riddles (enigmas, adivinanzas), comparison, metaphor, hyperbole, antithesis, onomatopoeia are common. In counting and drawing lots (comienzos de juego), rhyme and rhythm, the use of interjections and exclamations come to the fore. In larger forms of Spanish folklore, such as a fairy tale, there is a constant epithet, hyperbole, repetition, fairy tripling. Spanish folklore tends to use hyperbole and antithesis as the most frequent stylistic figures, as well as the main plot-forming and compositional techniques.
Kazakova I.E. - Extralinguistic features of the development of modern English in New Zealand pp. 133-141

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.3.37634

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the trends of linguistic development in the territory of the New Zealand region within the framework of the redistribution of ethnosociogroups, as well as to assess the linguistic prospects of the southern and northern island parts in a comparative analysis. The article reveals the main extralinguistic factors influencing the linguistic space of the south and north of New Zealand, which provoke evolutionary linguistic shifts with the formation of new variations of the language. The most important comparative characteristics of ethnolinguistic groups are identified and described on the basis of a statistical assessment of their redistribution over the past few years, taking into account covid realities. The subject of the study is the New Zealand language space at the present stage of development. The scientific novelty of the study is to present the current language situation in New Zealand based on a comparison of the changing ethnic and sociolinguistic conjuncture of the southern and northern islands. Official statistical data on the New Zealand region, as well as a socio-ethnic atlas with forecasting up to and including 2038, were used as materials. The study provides a justification for the linguistic shift in the territory of New Zealand, and also presents a summary table of comparative data on the ethnic composition and linguistic groups of the southern and northern regions with an assessment of possible scenarios for future language development in the context of ethnosociolinguistics.
Kuraleva T., Pavlenko E., Vyunova E. - Linguistic Representation of the Emotional State of «SURPRISE» in American English pp. 133-140

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.38886

EDN: ZPNUXU

Abstract: The paper discusses major grammatical constructions that are used to describe the emotion of surprise in American English. Linguistic description of this emotion is difficult to formalize as this emotion is short-lived and is usually described in a clustered way. The linguistic material includes data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The paper focuses on grammatical constructions that are used by the speaker to describe their emotions rather than on lexemes that nominate emotional states. Corpus analysis shows that the whole range of grammatical constructions in question can be categorized into two groups: constructions with one proposition and constructions with two propositions. The use of constructions with two propositions allows for a more extended description of the emotion and to shift the focus to the reason, time or action. The paper also claims that, although the emotion of surprise is regarded as a neutral emotion, the grammatical construction, by itself, foregrounds a negative discourse prosody of the lexemes that nominate the emotion of surprise.
Pavlova A.D., Guruleva T.L. - Peculiarities of genesis of the classical phrase particles of Chinese language pp. 134-143

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34877

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the evolution of phrase particles in Chinese language. The goal consists in examination of genesis of the classical phrase particles of Chinese language and their development patterns. The article also describes the origins of phrase particles, which were established as a result of analysis of the genesis. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for diachronic analysis of the particles in order to understand the essence and peculiarities of the functionality of modern particles. Recent years indicate heightened interest to learning Chinese language. The requirements to the level of formation of the Chinese linguistic personality in the process of teaching Chinese language at schools and universities have also grown significantly. Phrase particles play an important role in the development of communicative competence of the learners of Chinese language. Leaning on the existing theoretical works and written sources, the author analyzes the particles of Putonghua from the III century BC until the eary XX century was performed, as well as reconstructs the process of formation and development of the modern classical phrase particles (啊,吗,吧,呢,了,的). The conclusions are formulated on the origins of classical phrase particles of Chinese language and their development patterns; description is given to the peculiarities of formation of each of the classical phrase particles.
Hu Y. - Metaphorical use of Russian verbs naming properties of plants pp. 134-143

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38048

Abstract: The article is devoted to the linguoculturological analysis of Russian verbs naming properties of plants. The purpose of the article is to describe the metaphorical use of verbs, the primary meaning of which belongs to the thematic group "PLANTS", special attention is paid to the possible semantic mechanisms of creating a metaphor. The subject of the study is the semantic, pragmatic and culturological features of the verbs under study. In the course of the study were used materials presented in S. Aliaffar's PhD thesis "The semantic field "plant" in the Russian language", the selection of verbs was also carried out by the method of directed sampling from the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D. N. Ushakov. As a result, 28 verbs were approved. Sharing the position of N.D. Arutyunova and M. Black that "the semantic mechanism of metaphor involves four components, only partially represented in its structure: the main and auxiliary subjects of metaphor and some properties of each of them, the article presents a variety of possible "main subjects", which are designated in the process of metaphorization, an attempt is made to describe and analyze the semantic mechanism of metaphor construction. The analysis of the metaphorical transfer associated with the plant world made it possible to facilitate the study of this issue, allowed us to replenish the lexicographic description of these units.
Arsentyeva Y.S. - Methods of translating nonequivalent units in the Russian-English Dictionary of Phraseological Euphemisms pp. 137-146

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.12.37168

Abstract: This article explores the problem of adequate translation of English equivalents of the Russian phraseological euphemisms in the compiled by the authors “Russian-English Dictionary of Phraseological Euphemisms” – the first bilingual dictionary of euphemisms. Special attention is given to preservation of the significative and denotative component of the meaning of Russian phraseological euphemisms in their translating into English. The subject of this research is the methods of adequate transmission of the semantics of nonequivalent reinterpreted Russian euphemisms. The goal lies in the description of possible methods of translating nonequivalent Russian phraseological euphemisms into English: the right part of the dictionary entry is still under study. The novelty of this research lies in the discussion of possible methods of translating nonequivalent phraseological euphemisms that combine the characteristic features of both phraseological and euphemistic nominations. These typical characteristics are reflected in the right part of the dictionary entry. The acquires results prove that existence of four methods of translating nonequivalent phraseological euphemisms: using loanwords, lexical, descriptive and compound translation; the letter is crucial in delivering necessary information on the Russian phraseological euphemisms. The conclusion is made on the need to include additional information on the peculiarities of euphemistic nomination of the Russian phraseological euphemisms in form of descriptive translation into English, as opposed to the method of translating nonequivalent phraseological units in the existing bilingual phraseological dictionaries.
Guan Q. - Lexico-semantic Aspects of Word "Sanction" in the Russian Political Sphere pp. 137-151

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.37500

EDN: QTIKDL

Abstract: The article analyzes the structure and features of the lexico-semantic field (of the word) "sanction" in the Russian political sphere; author discuss the semantic connections of its lexical units and metaphorical models of this word in the political discourse of the Russian language. The subject of the study is the semantic content of the term under consideration, presented on the website Kremlin.ru and in the Russian National Corpus. The purpose of the study is to analyze a fragment of the Russian political picture of the world reflected in this field. To achieve this goal, a set of the following linguistic methods has been applied, such as statistical description, component analysis, field method, etc. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, using the example of the term "sanction", an attempt is made for the first time to build a lexical-semantic field of a political term of the Russian language. The results obtained show that the lexico-semantic field "sanction" in the Russian political sphere consists of 7 microfields that are interconnected with each other and have their own model - "core-periphery", however, the boundary of the transition from the core to the periphery is not clearly traced. In addition, the lexico-semantic field is also a way of representing the language world picture, because the cultural features of the language of any nation are primarily reflected at the level of the lexicon - the most dynamic tier of the language system. The term "sanction" in modern Russian language is used not only in the legal, but also in the political spheres, and is also used as a tool for regulating relations between states and international organizations. In the Russian political sphere, lexico-semantic field "sanction" is accompanied by a large number of metaphors used to reveal the conflicting nature of the sanction and the dramatic nature of political life, the semantics and scope of the term, as well as stylistic evaluation, are expanded.
Mushkina Y.V., Shatilova L.M., Karandeeva L.G. - Structural-functional model of terminological phrase in the field of production of technical formalin in the example of Russian and English languages pp. 141-150

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.1.37258

Abstract:   This article is dedicated to comprehensive examination of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The article considers the characteristics f the nomination of terminological units and highlights the most common models of terms in the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" using the example of Russian and English languages. Modern linguistics features a few research on the terms of chemical industry, while the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" has not previously become a subject of separate research, particularly in the comparative aspect of two or more languages, which determines the relevance of this publication. The goal lies in description of the terms of chemical industry, namely "Production of technical formalin" in the Russian and English languages. The subject of this article is the study of the terminological systems of chemical industry in the field of production of technical formalin relative to functionality of the term-word and terminological phrase. The novelty consists in the comparative analysis of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The terminological system of chemical production of technical formalin includes the following lexical-thematic groups: 1. Technological process of production of technical formalin 2. Equipment line 3. Chemicals and reactions It is established that in the Russian language, the most commonly used model in all subgroups is the two-component model "adjective + noun" (over 50 %); while in the English language, it is the two-component model "noun + noun" (over 50%).  
Jazokova J. - Lexico-stylistic features of the expression of reproach in a literary work and its film adaptation: comparative analysis pp. 141-149

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.41040

EDN: ZPWRKL

Abstract: The subject of the study is the lexical means of expressing reproach. The object of the study is expressions with the intention of reproach. The theoretical basis of the research is the idea of reproach as a component of conflict communication. The study reveals the most general patterns of changing expressions with the intention of reproach in the screening of fiction. The analysis is carried out by comparing the expressions of the characters of the literary work with the expressions of the characters of the film adaptation. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as lexical changes in the text of a work of fiction during its film adaptation. Special attention is paid to the reasons for changing the text of a work of fiction during its film adaptation. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a comparative analysis of expressions with the intention of reproach is carried out, the analysis is carried out in comparison of the text of fiction with its film adaptation. The following transformations were identified: the preservation of lexical composition, the omission of lexical units, the addition of lexical units and the replacement of lexical units. The main conclusions of the study are the reasons for the identified transformations, which are caused, firstly, by the change in the elements of the content of situations according to the director's plan. Secondly, transformations occur due to the cinema's greater ability to visually represent the objects of a work of art: the viewer sees what the reader can only read.
Lobanova T.N., Sivova D. - Linguistic aspect of information wars in mass media discourse pp. 143-152

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.37866

EDN: UIWNTA

Abstract: Recently the process of active informatization of society and globalization of the world information space has been observed. The consequence of this process is different kids of Information Wars, where the mass media plays the main and the most important role. The immersion of an increasing part of humanity into the virtual world of media in the age of digitalization generates a high demand for the creation of information and cyber warfare. If the main tool of the information war is the media, then the main tool of the media is language. The subject of the study is the language functioning in the mechanisms of information wars. The main content of the research is the analysis of the concept of "information war" from a linguistic point of view. Theoretical analysis of literature, media linguistic analysis, methods of critical linguistics, etc. are used as research methods. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is a media linguistic study involving foreign scientific concepts (English), untranslated and unpublished in Russian. The article provides a number of clarifications and additions to the existing theories of information warfare with the involvement of linguistic and political science textures. A systematic, versatile and detailed description of the current state and changes that have occurred in linguistics over the past ten years in the light of the conceptualization of the phenomenon of "information war" is presented. Based on the results of the study, the concept of information warfare in mass media discourse is revealed, and a comprehensive method for studying this phenomenon is proposed.
Vei K. - Denominal relative clause “by the example of”: construction and co-occurrence pp. 144-155

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35853

Abstract: This article describes the construction and specificity of co-occurrence of auxiliary unit “by the example of”.  The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for comprehensive description of auxiliary words. The object of this research is the prepositional unit “by the example of” which belongs to the group of denominal relative clause. The subject of this research is the semantics of “by the example of”, the constructions it forms, and peculiarities of its co-occurrence. The key goal is to determine the constructive specificity and co-occurrence of the lexeme “by the example of”.  The author’s special contribution lies in systemic description of the syntagmatic structure and construction characteristics of the auxiliary unit “by the example of”. The article illustrates the structure of the trinomial and binomial constructions on the basis of the relative clause “by the example of”. The construction determines the right and left components and the common connecting parts. The analysis of linguistic facts presented in the Russian National Corpus allows conducting formal and semantic classification of the right and left components of the construction. Description is given to the methods of expressing the common part of the construction. The author concludes that “by the example of” forms a trinomial and binomial construction and indicates the relation of partial equivalence.
Sychugova L.A., Evlasev A.P. - Functions of Linguistic Means in the Process of Politician's Image Creation (the Case Study of Donald Trump's Public Speeches) pp. 145-151

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2018.4.27963

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the image in political linguistics and the consideration of the problem of the substantive aspect of the speech image of a politician, which is due to the exceptional role of the image for the politician as an active public figure. One of the most notable social institutions of our time is politics, the interest in the study of which by linguists has been steady recently, since many political actions are by their very nature speech. The article includes an analysis of the functioning of language means when creating an image of a politician. In the course of their research the authors have applied the following methods: analysis of vocabulary definitions, introspective analysis, statistical analysis to define the frequency of language phenomena. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: the use of language tools in D. Trump's public speeches, which is mainly due to the objectives of these speeches, the main task of which is to make a strong impression on the audience; stylistic techniques at the phonographic, lexical, lexical-grammatical and syntactic levels, through which the speaker maintains the attention and interest of listeners, activates the process of perception and affects the addressee to achieve the goal.
Al'-Avad A.R. - The Doctrine of Language and Speech Sounds in the Works of Al-Jahiz and A.A. Potebni: Similarities and Differences pp. 145-151

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39877

EDN: YFRPMW

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of works of two philosophers and linguists A.A. Potebnja and Al-Jahiz "Thought and Language" and "The Book of Eloquence and Interpretation". Their ideas in the field of the philosophy of language turned out to be meaningful and advanced for their time, Al-Jahiz managed to synthesize the views of previous Arabic and Persian scholars, applying them to Arabic, he managed to draw logical conclusions about the system of the Arabic literary language and collect a four-volume collection of Arabic poems and sayings. His teachings covered not only grammar, but such areas as dialectology, paralinguistics, proverbs and sayings, eloquence up to experimental linguistics. The most important contribution of the Arab scientist, which has not yet been fully studied by modern scientists, is his exhaustive definition of articulate sound as a thought-organizing part of the human body. The purpose of our study is to identify similarities and differences in the views of scientists regarding the sounds of speech and their differences from the sounds of other animals.
Popova L.G., Shatilova L.M., Samarina N.V. - Semantic content of indefinite pronouns in the English literary texts pp. 148-155

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.10.36364

Abstract: The goal of this article lies in analysis of the semantics of indefinite pronouns of the English language, which form the core of the semantic field of uncertainty from the perspective of functional linguistics. The subject of this research is the semantic content of English indefinite pronouns in the literary and publicistic texts. The relevance of this work is defined by the lack of works in both domestic and foreign modern linguistics dedicated to indefinite pronouns of the English language. The scientific novelty consists systematization of indefinite pronouns in form of semantic field and determination of possible varieties of uncertainty through the semantics of this group of pronouns in the English literary texts. It is established that in literary texts, the indefinite pronouns of the core of the semantic field of uncertainty of the English language are used for conveying quite very peculiar; however, the key components are uncertainty and generality in evaluation of the unfolding events. Uncertainty can be explicit or conditional. Generality also correlates with uncertainty, leaving out particularities. The absence of particularities is the main semantic indicator of the use of nuclear indefinite pronouns in the literary texts.
Iafarov R. - Word in the Dictionary and Discourse (a Case Study of German Language Vocabulary) pp. 152-162

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39088

EDN: QTWQJC

Abstract: The article explores the functioning of usual words and neologisms in the German-language print media discourse as well as in mono- and bilingual dictionaries. Particular attention is given to the lexicographic and contextual translation of the lexemes and the problem of lexicographic underrepresentation of mass media vocabulary. The methods applied include semantic, contextual, discourse and corpus analysis. The article provides examples of potential lexical difficulties which may be faced by a translator or a speaker of German as a foreign language. The academic novelty of the research is due to the unique lexical material presented in the article, which is either absent in dictionaries or has an incomplete lexicographic explication or translation. The translation of these lexemes should not be verbatim and literal, as the translator must take into account extralinguistic realities, linguistic and cultural aspects of word semantics and that of a particular discourse type, collocation and usage of lexemes in the original and the target language. For instance, the translation of international terms is often reduced to loan translations (calques) that require an explanation or translation commentary. The article concludes that there is a need for linguistic, linguacultural and extralinguistic analysis, which has to be conducted by a translator or a reader of a text in a foreign language. The data obtained by the research can be used in translation, lexicographic and teaching activities.
Zhu Y. - Emotivity Category as a Way to Popularize Scientific Knowledge in Edutainment pp. 152-160

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40406

EDN: VSBLNG

Abstract: The purpose of our research is to study the category of emotivity in the Russian popular science text. The main research methods in this case are descriptive method, content analysis and emotive analysis. The linguistic category of emotivity is the subject of the study, and the popular science video "The Russian Language in 18 minutes" is the object. Special attention is paid to the function of the category of emotivity in a popular science text related to the popularization of scientific knowledge. In our work, we have shown that popular science text involves not only emotion-neutral components, but also emotive components, which include, for example, emotive-potentiative, rhetorical question, emojis and emoticons. It is also proved that with the help of emotive components, rigorous scientific information turns into accessible even for non-specialists. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the representation of the category of emotivity in a strict scientific style. As a result, it is proved that the category of emotivity can systematically manifest itself in a scientific style as a means of popularizing scientific knowledge, in particular in a popular scientific text. Russian in 18 Minutes, the material we have chosen, can be used as a good example in the class of Russian as a foreign language, the results of our research can also be used in the course of stylistics.
Kereshun A.V. - Author Aphorism as an Element of the Manipulation Chain in the USA Election Political Discourse pp. 153-158

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.27375

Abstract: The subject of the research is aphorisms in political discourse which a frequently met phenomenon. Peculiarity of the electical political discourse preparation is the intent of a speaker to influence the target audience. In his research Kereshun focses on the author aphorism that is used as one of the techniques of influencing the target audience. Thus, the aim of the article is to analyze peucliarities of manipulative use of author aphorism in the political discourse. Aphorism is viewed as the core of a manipulative construct. In his research Kereshun has used the interpretative method and definition analysis method as well as Charles Pears' semiotic theory. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author studies the manipulative potential of aphorism The analysis carried out allows to define the borders as well as describe active elements of the manipulation chain that uses aphorism as the core of the chain. Moreover, the researcher extends and clarifies the definition of aphorism in general.   
Yi L. - Subjective Frequency of Buzzwords pp. 153-159

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30571

Abstract: The article is devoted to the frequency of the use of buzzwords. The phenomenon of 'buzzword' is of great interest for many modern linguists while it still does not have a clear definition. This research presents an attempt to describe and, if possible, explain an important indicator of buzzwords which is the subjective frequency of the use of a linguistic unit as calculated on the basis of a linguistic corpus. The researcher of the article demonstrates that there is not sufficient estimation of the frequency of use of buzzwords on the basis of corpus texts and offers an experimental linguistic method to determine the subjective frequency. The main research methods used by the author of the article is description, comparison and experiment which have allowed to define different advantages and disadvantages of objective and subjective frequency of the use of buzzwords. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the researcher have analyzed the main gaps and problems related to estimations of buzzwords carried out on the basis of corpus texts (difficulty of presenting results, challenges of analyzing conversational and network materials, late update of data and materials, unprecise distinction of word semantics); the researcher has also demonstrated opportunties of the method of successive intervals and has proved the importance of the aforesaid method by describing the Word of the Year project. 
Yang X. - Lexical units nominating women in the paremias about the gender inequality of the Russian language pp. 154-162

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69367

EDN: HHDWVM

Abstract: Russian linguistic and cultural community gender stereotypes reflecting the inequality between men and women in the Russian linguistic and cultural community, verbalized by the paremias of the Russian language; the subject of the study are such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother—in-law". The material under study forms part of the national picture of the world, of which the paremic corpus is a part. Special attention is paid to the verbalization of gender stereotypes in the studied parodies. The aim of the study is to describe the lexical units that nominate women and are used as part of the Russian language related thematically to the linguistic markers of gender inequality. The relevance of this study is determined by both linguistic and extralinguistic parameters. The first group includes an interest in the linguistic and cultural analysis of the paremiological fund, including in a comparative aspect. The second group of factors includes a social demand to satisfy the need to understand the mentality of representatives of the Russian linguistic culture. The following methods were used in this article: systematization, generalization, description, semantic analysis, conceptual analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents in a generalized form gender stereotypes that take place in the Russian language community and which are verbalized in paremias with nominating components "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law", indicating a social role of a woman (wife, mother, mother-in-law, daughter). The main conclusions of the study are the following : historically, the Russian linguistic and cultural community has developed a pejorative view of a woman as a member of society. Russian language parodies with such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law" most often actualize negative connotations that are expressed at the explicit level. This is confirmed by currently existing Russian gender studies, which show that there are certain patterns of male and female verbal behavior in the Russian language, the differences in which are probabilistic in nature.
Gao X. - Specificity of realization of linguoculturological peculiarities of the Chinese language in the Russian linguistic system (on the example of translation of Mo Yan's novel “Life and Death are Wearing Me Out” pp. 156-163

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35896

Abstract: The relevance of this topic is substantiated by increasing cross-cultural, interlingual and interethnic ties between Russia and China, as well as the overall trend of modern Russian philology towards studying the aspects of implementation of certain linguoculturological peculiarities of the Chinese language in the Russian language system. The goal is to reveal the specificity of linguistic means used in conveying linguistic and cultural peculiarities in translation of texts into the Russian language. The article explores the specificity of linguistic means used in Chinese-Russian translation, as well as describes the methods of translating texts into the Russian language to convey linguoculturological peculiarities of the Chinese language. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first within the framework of linguoculturological approach to conduct comprehensive analysis of the specificity of using linguistic means in Chinese-Russian translation. As a result, it is proven that the proper understanding and perception of texts translated from the Chinese language into the Russian language is based on the accurate translation that ensures equivalence with the original text, conveyance of the semantic meanings and emotional connotations instilled by the author. It is worth noting that in translation into the Russian language, an important role is played by both linguistic and extralinguistic factors.
Pogorelova I.V., Shiryaeva Z.L. - Latin Alphabet Borrowings in V. Pelevin's Novel 'iPHUCK10' pp. 159-164

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.29572

Abstract: The subject of the research is the English borrowings in a Cyrillic text. The object of the research is the Latin alphabet borrowings in V. Pelevin's novel iPHUCK10. Describing the matter under research, the author underlines that there are certain cultural, political, economical and civilizational procsses behind borrowing as a language process. The importance of the research object (i.e. exclusion of Latin borrowings in a Cyrillic text from the scope of analysis) is caused by a great number of Latin borrowings in a Cyrillic text of a novel which makes the latter to be a matter of particular research. The authors of the article analyze Latin borrowings in the novel from the point of view of their structural and distributive features. This implies the use of such methods of linguistic analysis as structural, quantitative, distributive and content analysis. The novelty of the research is caused by the integral analysis of functional of Latin borrowings in a Cyrillic text. The main conclusions of the research is the provisions about structural, distributive and meta-communicative peculiarities of aforesaid units. The authors' special contribution to the topic is the description of basic metafunctions (descriptive and coding) performed by Latin borrowings in the novel. 
Vasil'ev V.V. - Stages of establishment of the Arab punctuation system pp. 160-170

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.28843

Abstract: The developed in Arab language punctuation has undergone several stages prior to its acceptance as a functional part of the graphic writing system. This has been attributed to the fact that initially punctuation was not well received among Arab intelligentsia, as in their eyes, it carried an imprint of the European influence, and even perceived as one of the symbols of European colonialism. The author attempts to examine the key stages in development of the Arab punctuation system, as well as determine the main factors that affected its establishment. The article assesses and highlights the crucial factors differentiating from the formation of European punctuation. Within the Russian Oriental Studies, the indicated aspects are explored for the first time due to lack of sufficient material in the Arab language for carrying out a comprehensive research. However, over the recent time this topic becomes the focus of attention among Arab linguists. This article is intended for those studying Arab language or interested in punctuation overall as a linguistic phenomenon.
Bakanova A.V. - Views on Death in Catalan Phraseology pp. 160-172

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30576

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of semasiological, phraseological and paroemiological aspects of the 'mort' concept in the Catalan language from the point of view of linguocultural approach. The lexeme 'mort' is used in the Catalon language in different meanings to express the fear of death, philosophical and religious expectations, and ironic attitude to human foibles. Catalans view death as an inescapable event; temporary verge; rest; sleep, tax that free humans from earthly judgement (Pagar tribut a la mort); suffering; grief (dol); sacral action. The research is based on over two hundred of paramias and phraseologial units, analysis of dictionary definitions of Catalan 'death' lexemes, derivational and synonymic rows. Numerous paramia euphemisms describe death as a travel and indirectly relate to grave yard or memorial service (Anar a son Tril·lo). There are also cases when the 'death' lexeme designates extremely unpleasant, insignificant or unattractive humans or items (Això és una mort) to reinforce a negative remark or indicate insufficient qualities (colors ben morts). Catalans do not avoid using death lexemes in their conversation which presents their ironic and philosophical attitude to death. 
Shcherbakova M.V. - On determination of the part-of-speech affiliation of modal words pp. 161-170

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36637

Abstract: The subject of this research is the part-of-speech affiliation of modal words – a special group of lexemes that are irreplaceable, syncategorematic, and lack formal unity. The author examines four most widespread approaches towards determination of the part-of-speech status of modal words, modal semantics, in particular, and the function of modal meaning; provides summary of the existing in Russian linguistics classifications of modal words, and lists their basic lexical-semantic categories. In the course of studying the genesis of modal words, the author correlates them with other parts of speech. For determination of the part-of-speech status, emphasis is placed on the degree of manifestation within this group of lexemes of semantic, morphological, syntactic and word-forming characteristics, namely the compliance of modal words with the listed criteria. The novelty consists in the analysis of the part-of-speech affiliation of modal words through the prism of the traditional semantic-syntactic approach, considering the formal-morphological aspect of modal words, which allows accumulating the avaliable knowledge on modal words, as well as compiling holistic representation on the nature of their origin and functionality. The research materials can be used in teaching morphology of the modern Russian language, as well as in preparation of lectures and textbooks on cognate disciplines. The conclusion is made that in synchrony, modal words represent an isolated group that is in-between of autosemantic and functional words. The recommendation to classify this group as a separate part of speech remains polemical; however, segregation of modal words in the grammatical system is unarguable.
Beliaeva T.R. - Frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon as the markers of disciplinary affiliation of a discourse pp. 164-175

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35902

Abstract: This article is dedicated to a corpus-based research of functionality of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon in various types of disciplinary discourse, the purpose of which lies in verification of a hypothesis on a special function of the academic lexicon to indicate disciplinary affiliation of the scientific text. In the era of increasing mathematization and digitalization of scientific knowledge, corpus linguistics becomes a paramount instrument of empirical research aimed at acquisition of knowledge on the language through quantitative and qualitative analysis of compilations of texts, the scope and subject of which can be set in accordance with the specific objectives of the scholar. Special role in corpus-based research is assigned to the methods of statistical analysis for effective processing of the obtained quantitative data on linguistic realias, thereby considering linguistic research equivalent to the research of exact and natural sciences by degree of verification. The article describes the fragment of comprehensive research on functionality of the general scientific lexicon, which using the statistical method of correlation analysis on the example of more than 100 general scientific words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) established correlation between frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific lexicon and the type of disciplinary discourse. The scientific novelty lies in the holistic approach towards analyzing the characteristic features of distribution of the frequency of general scientific lexical units in 8 types of disciplinary discourse, as well as in in application of the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics that demonstrate that academic lexicon same as terminological lexicon may serve as marker of disciplinary affiliation of the discourse.
Shitkova M. - Interaction of Verbal Sequences in a Literary Text pp. 165-174

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.29749

Abstract: The subject of the research is a verbal sequence as a type of a text. The term under research refers to text stylitics and thus requires analysis of a text from the point of view of use of language. Such approach allows to speak about peculiarities of narration in general but not only language facts that can be discovered. The author of the article focuses on kinds of interaction of verbal sequences in literary texts and describes such kinds of interaction as 'interpenetration', 'collision' and 'parallel development' of verbal sequences in a literary text. To achieve the research targets, the author has applied linguistic analysis methods as well as observation, analysis and synthesis which have allowed to discover internal relations between language facts in the texts under research. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that verbal sequences have been mentioned but rarely studied by Russian science. The analysis carried out by the author has allowed to discover different variants of verbal composition and has pointed out that there is a certain connection between how verbal sequences are organized in a text and what message the writer wants to convey. Thus, the researcher emphasizes the importance of verbal sequences in a literary text and underlines the need for further research.   
Gurin V., Batitskaya V. - Semantic analysis of the proverbs and sayings with the lexical component “heart” in the English language pp. 171-178

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.29066

Abstract: The subject of this research is the semantic peculiarities of proverbs and sayings with the lexical component “heart” in the English linguistic consciousness. The goal consists in analyzing these phraseological units, extent the representations on the lexeme “heart”, and examines its redefined meaning. Special attention is paid to study of the concept of phraseology as science, phenomenon of phraseological units, as well as determination of common and differential attributes of proverbs and sayings, which reflect vision of the world and national culture of native speakers. Using the method of continuous sampling, the author determined 28 phraseological units with the component “heart”. The conducted semantic analysis allowed classifying proverbs and saying with the component “heart” in the English language, identify linguoculturological aspects of the concept “HEART”, provide a holistic description to the semantic structure of the aforementioned phraseological units. The analyzed phraseologisms were grouped depending on the meaning of the component, which is used by native speakers for expressing the attitude to garrulity, cowardice, self-doubt, description of various feelings and emotions. In phraseological units of English language, the lexical component “heart” is associated primarily with an individual and his inner world: personality traits; other people’s perception of him; his relationship with other people; communication manner; self-identification in the surrounding reality; type of activity.
Chzhan Y. - To the description of semiotic theory in the tradition of Chinese Linguistics pp. 171-180

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.4.29612

Abstract: The Russian scholars often associate semiotics with such names as Ferdinand De Saussure, Charles Morris, Roland Barthes, who wrote a wide variety of works and significantly contributed to the formation of semiotics. Therefore, the Russian science has sound understanding of semiotics in Europe. In Asian regions, namely in China, semiotics is also one of the most popular trends. This article gives special attention to the formation and development of semiotics in the modern Chinese academic environment for the purpose of revealing and clarifying the key periods of study of semiotic theory, trends and directions of semiotic research, as well as the main works written by the Chinese authors from the perspective of semiotics. The author's special contribution into this research consists in introduction to the Russian linguistic paradigm of the process of formation of semiotics as an independent scientific direction within the Chinese academic environment. Description is provided to the three key periods of development and advancement of semiotic theories in China. The main trends and directions of research in the modern academic environment are explored. The article features the works of the prominent Chinese linguists – Yaping Huang and Hua Meng, who implemented  the semiotic ideas into the study of ideographic writing. The article also examines the work of the renowned Chinese scholar Qian Guanlian, who studied the pragmalinguistic aspects from the perspective of semiotics, which allowed comprising a semiotic base of the communication theory and pragmatics, and thus made a significant contribution to further research of these trends.
Andreeva E.Y. - Objective and subjective nature of transformations in translation of a literary text pp. 171-176

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.11.36921

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of objective and subjective nature of translation transformations. The research relies on the biographical novels “Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson” and “Isadora: A Sensational Life” by Peter Kurth and their translations into the Russian language. Research methodology employs the methods of descriptive and comparative analysis. The goal lies in examination of the various types of translation modifications (substitution, inversion, addition, and omission) for determining the inevitable changes in the sentences with syntactic structure on the one hand, and the results of individual approach of the  translators fluent in Russian and English on the other hand. The novelty consists in the analysis of syntactic modifications, taking into account various extralinguistic factors within the framework of a particular genre of fiction literature – biographical novel characterized by a special degree of expressiveness. In is established that in literary translation all transformations can be divided into two groups: objective and subjective. Objective transformations are the result of differences in the formal and semantic systems of the English and Russian languages, while subjective modifications help to express the degree of likelihood of the event, as well as the emotional state or attitude of the characters to the events, people, or things. The acquired conclusions contribute to further study of the role of syntactic transformations in the literary translation from English into Russian, as well as can be used in preparation of specialists who study English at the lectures and seminars on the relevant topics of emotive syntax and literary translation.
Lifanov K.V. - On the Divergence of the Slovak and Czech Literary Languages at the Word-formation Level pp. 171-178

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39311

EDN: MOYLLO

Abstract: The object of the study is such lexemes of the Slovak literary language, which were originally similar to the corresponding Czech, but in the XX century they underwent changes, as their word-formation characteristics changed. At the same time, the corresponding Czech words remained unchanged. We call this phenomenon asymmetric divergence. Asymmetric divergence characterized many parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs. The source of the material was primarily the newspaper "Catholicke Noviny" for 1889-1890, as well as some publications of the early XX century. This article discusses cases of asymmetric divergence realized in small closed groups of vocabulary or even at the level of individual lexemes. The main conclusion of the author is that asymmetric divergence was an important factor in the formation of the lexical composition of the Slovak literary language and its acquisition of specific features that distanced it from the Czech. To the greatest extent, it affected nouns, and the most common means was suffixation, that is, replacing the original suffix that coincided with the corresponding Czech with another suffix. The divergence of the Slovak and Czech literary languages, as a rule, is beyond the field of view of researchers who consider primarily the influence of the Czech language on Slovak. At the same time, it was she who was the leading trend in the development of the Slovak literary language in the XX century.
Shatokhina V.S. - On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language pp. 174-180

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.32946

Abstract: The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.
Matytcina M. - Areas for Integration of Critical Discourse Analysis into Empirical Tool of Political Research pp. 175-182

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.2.29847

Abstract: The subject of the research of the areas for critical review of modern critical discourse analysis as a theoretical and practical discipline as well as anaylsis of new courses of development of modern critical discourse. The aim of this research is to describe practical use of critical discourse analysis and analyze new areas for critical discourse analysis development such as analysis of multimodal featurs thus underlying the reasonability of inclusion it into the methodological framework of modern science. The author of the article emphasizes the need in a scientifically-based definition of critical discourse analysis. Opportunities and limitations of critical discourse analysis demonstrate prospects of integration of this interdisciplinary quality method into empirical tools of political research, this proving the reasonabiilty and pratical importance of its integration into a set of methods of modern political research. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author gives a description of soem limitations of critical discourse analysis as a scientific approach such as the absence of general principles and methods of research and scientific objectivity, inconsistency, inaccurate selection of material, consideration of the environment and heuristics of cognitive linguistics and analysis model. The author has also describes new trends of modern critical discourse. Obviously, the time has come to critically review theoretical and methodological approaches and gruonds typical for critical discourse analysis as a research method. 
Kurchinskaya-Grasso N. - Peculiarities and main characteristics of the legal English language pp. 177-182

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.32071

Abstract: This article examines the peculiarities of the legal English language as the object of translation studies. Currently, English language is dominant in international relations and business, and plays a significant role as legal language within the European Union. Legal English is a global phenomenon. This style of English language is used by the lawyers and other legal experts in their work. In the conditions of globalization of English language, it is necessary to be scrupulous about translation of the legal English in order to avoid inaccuracies in the entire system of international law. Therefore, the goal of this article consists in consideration of the unique characteristics of legal English associated with its origin, terminology, linguistic structure, linguistic peculiarities, and punctuation. The work employs descriptive method, comparative method, and method of applied comparative jurisprudence. The conclusion is made that legal English developed under the influence of languages previously used in the legal system, which is reflected in modern legal terminology and linguistic structure of the legal English language and requires attention in translation. Taking into account the aforementioned peculiarities would be of much help the legal translator in working with legal texts in English language.
Smirnova A.G., Pevneva I.V. - To the question of studying anthropomorphic euphemia in modern media texts pp. 179-187

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32092

Abstract: The topics that are forbidden or undesired for mentioning in public have always been present in human society. This led to the emergence of euphemisms in the language, which affects the new surge of interest among linguists towards studying the phenomenon of taboo, everything related to it that impact the relevance of this topic in the context of linguistic science. The subject of this research became the linguistic means assisting the creation of anthropomorphic euphemia. The study is conducted on the materials of modern media text, selected through the method of continuous sampling from the German online newspapers. Research methodology includes the use of contextual analysis, dictionary definitions analysis, component analysis, as well as the traditional methods of linguistic observation and description. The research is carried out from identifying and proving the hypothesis on a particular type of euphemia, namely anthropomorphic euphemia. The article analyzes the linguistic means from the German-language media texts, in which the authors of publications discuss the forbidden for German society topics and meanings. The novelty of this work consists in the new approach towards studying euphemisms and euphemia, as well as in introduction of the new term of anthropomorphic euphemia that implies a special selection of linguistic means, which appeal to internal and external qualities and characteristics of a human. The research result contribute to the development of lexicology and cognitive linguistics, as well as broaden the knowledge on euphemia.
Mikhailenko A.Y. - Textual periphrases in the semantic structure of N.M. Karamzin's sentimental historical novel "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" pp. 179-188

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44178

EDN: MRLFUI

Abstract: The work is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the lexical figurative means of artistic expression – periphrase as an integral component of the semantic structure of the literary text created in the line of sentimentalism aesthetics in the genre of historical story against the background of the ongoing process of the formation of the norms of the Russian literary language in the context of linguistic polemics of the turn of the XVIII–XIX centuries. The study of the semantic structure of a literary text involves the analysis of the types of nomination techniques and their aesthetic content. However, the use of peripheral expressions has a certain specificity, which is associated with their heterogeneity in thematic marking, structure and object of nomination. The subject of the study is periphrases, the paper presents the classification of periphrases of N.M. Karamzin's story "Natalia, the boyar's Daughter" as works of the genre of sentimental historical story. Using the example of the analysis of the text of the story, the peripheral combinations in the thematic groups love and time (time/period: life, year) are considered, the models of periphrases, metonymic nomination are described, the functions of periphrases are considered. The study of the functioning of periphrases is focused on determining the place and role occupied by this technique in the semantic structure of the text. The relevance of the research is connected with the choice of the research material – N.M. Karamzin's novella "Natalia, the boyar's daughter", its consideration in order to identify the features of the semantic structure and is due to the general interest of modern linguistics in the interpretation of a literary text based on a system-functional approach to the study of the object.
Bogemova O., Petrova E. - Realization of the apology speech act: selection of speech tactics and the perlocutionary effect (based on the material of the Russian, English and French languages) pp. 181-197

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.33004

Abstract: This article examines the realization of the apology speech act in the three linguistic cultures: Russian, English, and French. The goal of this work is to determine the similarities and differences in functionality of the verbal act of apology in the context of the indicated cultures. The subject of this research is the expression with illocutionary meaning of apology. The authors review the composition of speech repertoire, means of realization of such speech act (conventional language, conventional speech, and nonconventional means), selection of speech tactics in expressing apology in form of the indirect speech act. Special attention is turned to perlocutionary effect, i.e. verbal response of the interlocutor to the addressed apology, as well as to the speech tactics that are frequent in the instances of expressing apology. The novelty of this work consists in studying the apology speech act of within the framework of cross-cultural pragmatics, with the use of practical material from the three linguistic cultures. The preliminary survey conducted among native speakers allowed concluding that the majority of respondents of these linguistic cultures attribute the ability to apologize with the image of a polite person. This particularly this pertains to the English-speaking and French-speaking cultures. Meanwhile, the examination of the articles of explanatory dictionaries demonstrates that the perception of the ability to apologize as a mandatory component of the concept of politeness is rather inherent to the mentality of native speakers, that to academic science. The analysis of practical material clarifies the speech repertoire and the frequency of selecting separate linguistic (imperative, performative) or speech means (speech cliché) used in realization of the direct speech act, as well as determines the key speech tactics used for expressing apology in form of the indirect speech act. Examination of the interlocutor’s verbal response as a perlocutionary effect on the apology indicates that this speech situation suggests a predominantly positive response. The maximal similarity in expressing apology is observed in the composition of speech repertoire of the speakers belonging to three different linguistic cultures, while the difference manifests namely in the selection of speech tactics for expressing apology or responding to it in form of the indirect speech act.
Sun Y., Rybakov M.A. - Linguocultural connotations of the lexeme “pine tree” in the Russian and Chinese languages pp. 181-188

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.4.35304

Abstract: The subject of this research is the lexeme “pine tree” with special linguocultural connotations in the mentality of Russians and Chinese. The authors reviews the historical-cultural associative meanings of the lexeme “pine tree” in the Russian and Chinese linguocultures through the analysis of phraseologisms, proverbs, myths, poems and literary works, as well as historical materials, customs and traditions of the two nations. The article employs descriptive, contextual, comparative methods, component analysis, and cognitive modeling. It is demonstrated that “pine tree” makes a positive impression in both linguocultures; its connotations coincide in the meanings of “perseverance” and “longevity”. Although unlike in Chinese linguocultural connotation, in the Russian language, pine tree also symbolizes negative emotions, such as “loneliness”, “sadness”. The novelty of this research lies in comparison of linguocultural connotations of the “pine tree” phytonomen via interdisciplinary study of the results of perception of this object, its concept and image by the Russian and Chinese native speakers. The accumulated materials can be used in teaching comparative lexicology of the Russian  and Chinese languages, teaching Russian language for Chinese students or Chinese language for Russian students, as well as in the development of lectures and textbooks in these disciplines. The conclusion is made that the detailed contrasting study of connotations of the characteristic phytonomen in two different linguocultures contributes to cross-cultural communication, broadens the perspective on value system of the native speakers of different languages, and allows the people learning a foreign language to avoid undesirable language and cultural conflicts in the context of cross-cultural communication.
Savina E. - Legal Metaphors and Figurative Comparisons as a stylistic way of characterizing the Society of Guermantes in M. Proust's novel pp. 181-193

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38408

EDN: NMFWUQ

Abstract: The article examines legal metaphors and figurative comparisons that allow us to imagine the world of the French aristocracy of the period of the Third Republic in M. Proust's novel. The terms of constitutional, administrative, international public and civil law, as well as banking law as part of business law are identified. The author examines Marcel's imaginative understanding of high society through legal concepts. The subject of the study is the specific legal terms of the text. The purpose of this work is to analyze the layers of the artwork, allowing us to present the features of the world of French aristocrats in a republican environment. The article uses methods of semantic, linguistic-stylistic analysis and linguistic commenting. It is shown that the aristocrats' rejection of the Republic is expressed, among other things, through their rejection of the new legal system, and through an ironic attitude towards its institutions. On the contrary, reverence for the cultural stratum of the irrevocably departed period of absolute monarchy is one of the distinctive characteristics of the Guermantes, people of their close social circle and even their servants. Legal terms contrasting these two epochs also introduce a complex and ambiguous antithesis, important for M. Proust's texts as a whole, between what is and what seems. The distrust of the aristocrats of the period of the Third Republic to the new legal reality turns out to be one of the distinctive features that allow them to maintain their clannishness, despite the apparent democracy in choosing a circle of communication and openness to change.
Shatilova L.M., Potashova A.A. - The peculiarities of functionality of the concept of “justice” in the meaning of “law” in the speech of modern politicians in the English and Russian publicistic texts pp. 183-191

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34228

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in the semantic analysis of synonymic rows of the concept of “justice” in the meaning of “law” in the speech of modern politicians in English and Russian publicistic texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of lexemes representing the concept of justice in the meaning of “law” in the speech of English and Russian politicians. Relevance of this work is defined by fact that the problems of comparative analysis of the concept of “justice” and its notional component based on the material of English and Russian publicistic texts remain poorly studied in the comparative linguistics. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt of comparative analysis of notional component of the synonyms of core lexemes “law” and its Russian equivalent in publicistic texts in the speech of modern politicians. In the English and Russian languages, the concept of “justice” implies honesty, law, objectivity, and truth. This article presents a comparative analysis of synonyms of the concept of justice in the meaning of “law”. As a result, the author determined the equivalent lexemes that represents the concept of “law” in English and Russian languages, and carried out semantic analysis of these lexemes in publicistic texts in the speech of modern politicians in Russian and English languages. It was revealed that law mostly reflects legal nature and means the rule that is used to determine the pattern of social behavior; an adopted principle, decree or instruction that establishes certain order; a legal act, principles, regulations set by law; a draft law submitted for the approval of legislative branches; a formal order. It can also define moral behavior in the society and signify the rule of moral conduct
Grigoryev D.Y. - Some ways and means of expressing initiality in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of the verbal vocabulary of the Dari language pp. 183-190

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.35916

EDN: PQTQNO

Abstract: The subject of this study is the means and methods of expressing the category of the beginning of action and the beginning in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of verbal vocabulary in the Dari language. The object of the study is the grammatical structure of the Dari language, characterized by little study. The categories of the beginning of action and beginnings in the Dari language can be expressed in various ways, for example, with the help of a certain set of means – lexical and syntactic constructions in which syntactic, morphological means and the lexical meaning of the verbs themselves interact. These aspects are discussed in detail by the author in this article. The material of this study may be of interest to specialists in the field of theory and practice of translation. The main conclusions of the study are: the means of expressing the initiality of action, which in the Russian language constitute a significant semantic grouping of verbs of the corresponding method of verbal action, in the Dari language are almost completely tied to other levels of the linguistic structure and include elements of the morphological and word-formation levels of the language. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is a detailed consideration of the means and ways of expressing the category of beginnings in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of verbal vocabulary in the Dari language. The novelty of the research is associated with a detailed consideration of the complex of lexical and syntactic constructions that can be used to express the meaning of the beginning in the Dari language.
Lykova O. - The Analysis of Gender-Specific Peculiarities of Insincerity pp. 185-191

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.28739

Abstract: The subject of the study is gender characteristics of insincere statements and behavior. The experimental material includes 100 video fragments in Russian and 100 video fragments in American English. The study of this material included perceptual-auditory and perceptual-visual types of analysis, which were conducted with the involvement of groups of test-auditors. The results of perceptual-auditory and perceptual-visual types of analysis revealed some gender differences in insincere statements and behavior. However, most of the parameter values noted by the subjects when working with the material are in the zone of average values, which makes the study of these parameters especially difficult and indicates the relevance of this problem. Processing such a data set (915,600 cells) was carried out for the first time, but it did not reveal major gender differences in the speech and behavior of communicants, which indicates the need for further study of this problem.
Rukodelnikova M., Nanii L.O., Kholkina L.S. - Linguo-specific lexis of Chinese language and problems of translation: on the example of 麻烦 máfan ‘trouble; disturb; worry’ pp. 188-199

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32160

Abstract: The subject of this research is the translation strategies of linguo-specific lexis of Chinese language. On the example of lexeme 麻烦 máfan ‘trouble; disturb; worry’, the author highlights the fundamental principles of describing linguo-specific words based on their grammatical functions, lexical compatibility, and stylistic connotations. The analysis of use of 麻烦 máfan determined a correlation between grammatical functions and stylistic connotations. Therefore, 麻烦 máfan is often used as an adjective in colloquial speech, while in the official language it is rather used as a noun. The study is conducted with application of the modern lexicographical methods, including work with dictionaries, corpus data analysis of the Chinese-English parallel corpora, as well as survey of native speakers. The scientific lies in the systematic application of extensive corpus material towards the analysis of linguo-specific lexis, which allows finding the appropriate translation equivalents. The research results lead to a number of recommendation on improvement of the Chinese-Russian dictionaries, and can valuable in the practice of teaching Chinese language.
Zhao P. - Spelling of the particle "by" in the history of Russian writing: hyphenated spelling as a stage in the formation of the norm pp. 191-197

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.37337

EDN: PYVSOQ

Abstract: The article is devoted to the hyphenation of the particle "by(b)" in the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to establish a codified and customary spelling norm, trace its dynamics and find out what role the hyphenated use of the particle played at this stage. The codification of the spelling of the particle is presented in 2 editions of the Dictionary of the Academy of the Russian Federation of 1789-1794 and 1806-1822 and in the Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian of 1847, as well as in the recommendations of grammars of the XIX century. The material of dictionaries is also considered as a source of information about the usual use of particles. The Usus is established by the method of continuous sampling on the material placed in the "National Corpus of the Russian language" (a subcorpus of texts in the old spelling). As a result of the analysis of the usage and texts of dictionaries of the XIX century, the instability of this section of the spelling system of Russian writing throughout the XIX century was revealed. The Dictionary of the Russian Academy normalizes separate spellings of "by (b)", and separate and merged uses vary in the text of the dictionary, hyphens are not found. However, throughout the XIX century, the particle "by (b)" is written in the use of a hyphen, although the number of separate spellings exceeds the number of hyphens. Ya.K. Groth, having analyzed the patterns of use of the particle "by (b)", finally legalized its separate spelling in works of an analytical and codifying nature at the end of the XIX century.
Egizaryan P.E. - Portuguese Future in Portuguese Grammatical Essays of the XIXth - XXth Centuries pp. 192-196

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.29274

Abstract: The object of the research is interpretation of the grammar of the future tense in the Portuguese language in grammatical essays of the XIX-XXth centuries. Three essays were written in the genre of neogrammatism before 1910 and three were created in the genre of structuralism after 1970. The subject of the research is the prospect of the views on overall linguistic issues of the tense category (three-part structure and egocentricism of the temporal indicator, close connection between expression of the future tense and modality) as well as topical issues of the Portuguese language (expression of modality meanings by certain temporal forms and vice versa, common use of the periphrastic future and specific features of its semantics). The research was based on the contrast comparison of data from grammatical descriptions in the Portuguese language of the XIX and XX centries. The main conclusion of the research is that already in the first half of the XIXth century grammar experts viewed the future tense as a complex phenomenon and described it taking into account not only temporality but also modality and pragmatic meaning of words (even though they made at a rather basic level). Grammar experts of the second half of the XXth century investigated problems that had been already raised before but did it with more diligence. The new aspect was their detailed analysis of the future periphrase ir+Inf. 
Varlamova A.V. - The role of interlinear in literary translation: syntactic aspect (on the example of the novel by E. P. Neimokhov) pp. 192-202

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34275

Abstract: The language of fiction literature, language of the classics of national literature, prominent prose writers is the primary source for studying literary language. This article examines the role of interlinear in literary translation and the translation equivalents of complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages on the example of the novel “Alampa” by Egor Petrovich Neimokhov in two volumes. The subject of this research is complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages. Special attention is given to finding equivalents in translation of complex sentences in the Yakut and Russian languages on  the syntactic level language, as well as to determination of the role of interlinear in fiction literature. Yakut linguistics has started to study the stylistics of Yakut language, while the lexical, morphological, and syntactic stylistics is in its inception stage. The works of researchers dedicated to the syntax of Yakut language cover the questions of syntactic transformations using the example of attributive constructions (Vasilieva, 2002) and syntactic transformations of one-member sentences (Atakova, 2007). There are no special works dedicated to the analysis of complex sentences in fiction texts in the Yakut-Russian translation. This raises the need for studying the equivalents of complex sentences in interlinear translation, and its role in literary translation. The following conclusions were made: 1) the content of complex sentences in the Russian language usually correspond to the such in the Yakut language, although they differ significantly in structure; 2) in both languages, the semantic meanings of complex sentences are expressed through various means that reflect the peculiarities of non-cognate languages, however, separate equivalents are determined among such constructions; 3) in interlinear and literary translation, complex sentences of the Yakut text are preserved in the Russian language for the most part. Thus, interlinear translation plays the role of intermediary translation and directly affects the translation result.
Timokhov A.D. - Transcreaction Strategies in Video Game Localisation (based on "Team Fortress 2") pp. 194-209

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38511

EDN: NMJRUE

Abstract: The article studies transcreation in video game localisation within the modern discursive paradigm, with its focus on Team Fortress 2. The subjects studied are the original (i.e. English) and Russian localisations of the game. The objects of analysis are cases of transcreation, the specifics of transcreation as a phenomenon as well as its patterns with regard to English-Russian localisation. The article analyses and describes examples of cultural adaptation via transcreation, defines and describes the strategies of transcreation, and also seeks to determine the relevance of transcreation regarding video game localisation. As of today, there is a great number of localisation specialists, yet both phenomena of localisation (as whole) and transcreation (in particular, as one of the methods for game content adaptation) lack comprehensive linguistic research. In this respect, the study is novel since it addresses the emerging phenomenon of localisation, thus appealing to new content and introducing new discourse into translation studies. Specifically, the article addresses transcreation as one of the localisation techniques that offers unique requirements to translation both as a process and as a result that differ from the conventional ones in the practice.
Kiselev S.S. - The Struggle for National Identity and Multilingualism in Terms of Globalization Processes (the Case Study of France) pp. 197-206

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2019.1.29369

Abstract: The subject of the research is the arguments against the Toubon law of 1994 that the authors compare to the most recent major  language policy decisions made by the government of France. The Toubon law is viewed as the geopolitical (defense of national culture) and domestic security means (ensurance of the social order). Nevertheless, discussions around this law demonstrate that it lacks a distinct policy and consensus about the areas of future development of the French language. The conservative Toubon law opposes to liberal attempts to simply French spellling in 1990 and the Fioraso law of 2013 that permitted teaching disciplines in English. The author of this article analyzes arguments of the followers and opponents of the above mentioned laws and provides a rich illustrative socio-political material that proves theoretical provisions of the research. In his research the author has applied methods of contextual and discursive analysis as well as the methods of observation, generalisation and description. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the ideological fight to defend the national culture from globalization processes and ensurance of the public order through unifying of the national language seems to be lot. Despite all the laws issued, France does not support the defence of the French language openly and admits teaching disciplines in English at Franch universities under the influence of globalization, world economy and European Union. Thus, a new vector of France's language policy is being formed. 
Diveeva A.A. - The concepts of “human”, “time”, “life” and methods of their representation in the Russian-language rap lyrics pp. 198-206

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.35524

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the semantic arrangement of rap lyrics. Based on the quantitative and statistical processing of the material, the author determines the lexical units that acquire a new functional purpose and conceptualization in the literary text. The goal of this research is to describe the functionality of the universal concepts of “human”, “time” and “life”, as well as the methods of their representation in the Russian rap lyrics. The relevance and novelty of this work are defined by the fact that despite the attempts existing in the linguistic science to determine the semantic and conceptual fields common to the lyrics of rap culture, this topic remains poorly studied within framework of interpretation of the Russian rap lyrics as a literary text. The concepts of “human”, “time”, “life” in rap lyrics manifest as the key indicator of the system arrangement of a literary text; and despite their universal nature, reflect the specific content, which is substantiated by communicative and stylistic peculiarities of rap. The conducted analysis of rap lyrics demonstrates that the concept of “life” can perform a leading role one in arrangement of the lexical-semantic space of the text, as it suggests a complex representation of social reality (time and space), life activities of the subject and their assessment, reflection on the new life and new people. The article employs descriptive method, contextual analysis, quantitative-statistical analysis, as well as the method of continuous sampling.
Naumova K.M. - On the Question of changing the Chinese Language Picture of the World on the example of the functioning of the lexemes jia/ jiating ‘family, home’ pp. 198-212

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35646

Abstract: The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural changes in the Chinese language picture of the world on the example of the functioning of the key lexemes for the mentality of the Celestial Empire 家 jia/ 家 庭 jiatin ‘family, home'. The material for the work was lexicographic sources of the last 40 years, as well as two constantly updated online buildings (the Chinese Language Building of the University of Leeds and the Balanced Modern Chinese Language Building). The data obtained in the course of the study are systematized and grouped according to the principle of their lexical compatibility with other units. A special contribution of the author to the chosen topic is the presented table of the most frequent collocations. In addition, attempts have been made to describe the semantic field of the concept "jia"/ "family, home", noting modern language trends, as well as to trace the Chinese attitude to family values in retrospect. The novelty of the work consists in a comprehensive linguoculturological approach to the consideration of the lexemes 家 jia/ 家庭 jiatin ‘family, home'. The study showed that, due to the influence of Western liberal democratic values on modern Chinese society over the past thirty years, in particular, on intra-family relations, relations between parents and children, there has been a noticeable shift in the assessment and interpretation of the concept of "family" in the Chinese language. On the one hand, under the influence of the historical events of the XX century, some designations of family groups and clans went out of use, the situation of women and the economic situation in the country as a whole changed, which also led to the emergence of numerous new neologisms fixing these extralinguistic transformations. On the other hand, the older generation and the leadership of the CPC continue to promote the traditional approach to family values, which also illustrates the language material of the corpora.
Zhou Y. - Linguistic interpretation of "ugliness" of the characters of Russian and Chinese fairy tales pp. 198-208

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38287

EDN: QXDUUO

Abstract: The article examines the interpretation of the concept of the ugliness of the external appearance of the characters of the Russian and Chinese fairy tales; analyzes and compares the similarities and differences of the named concept in different linguistic pictures of the world. Ugliness is considered as a basic universal concept of the aesthetic category inherent in the utilitarian and spiritual needs of people of different nationalities. The object of the study is the concept of ugliness in the linguistic picture of the world, reflected in a fairy tale. The subject of the study was the attributive means characterizing the characters of Russian and Chinese fairy tales; the creation of a semantic classification of representative lexemes, their cultural meanings and connotations. Classical conceptual analysis, which includes etymological, definitional, semantic, comparative types of analysis of key adjectives representing the concept of ugliness, is chosen as methods of practical research. The main conclusions of the conducted linguistic research are that the etymological analysis of the concept of ugliness allowed us to identify the following lexical and semantic groups of adjectives united by the theme "ugliness": ugliness as unattractiveness, ugliness as old age, ugliness as weakness. Based on the analysis of adjectives, it is concluded that the content of the Russian and Chinese concepts of ugliness essentially coincides, but as a result of the influence of national cultures has specific features. Consideration of the concept of "ugliness" in fairy tales in a comparative aspect makes it possible to identify national specifics reflected in the folklore picture of the world. And the novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to analyze the concept of "ugliness" using the material of Russian and Chinese fairy tales. The results of the analysis can be used to study the national folklore and linguistic worldviews of the two peoples.
Al-Lami F. - Linguistic picture of the world on the example of the diplomatic discourse of the Russian and Arabic languages pp. 198-205

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.40724

EDN: XBVUNS

Abstract: Cultural differences are exacerbated when relations between ethnic groups are not uniform and ideal. In today's uncertain political environment, especially taking into account the Middle East, it is usual to use various methods and strategies to create clarity and confidence to exit the "emergency" in communication processes, regardless of specific political events and circumstances. The author notes that the genre of political discourse has its own vocabulary, which includes certain routine lexical devices and clichés. However, in modern languages (including Arabic), words lose their uniqueness and become polysemic, given the globalized environment and the world in which modern man lives. The study of some languages used in political discourse and the identification of linguistic features in this area are important for linguistics due to the small number of scientific studies in the field of political discourse in Arabic and Russian. It is also noted that today there are few scientific works devoted to some aspects of modern diplomatic issues. The study notes that some linguistic activities aimed at studying and clarifying the meaning of the form of political discourse are important, especially those related to the linguistic picture of the world, Arabic and Russian languages and methods of studying political discourse.
Dmitriev A.V., Kogan M.S., Vdovina E.K. - Theoretical-applied significance of corpora in computer linguodidactics pp. 200-216

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32219

Abstract: The subject of this research is the application of corpora in teaching foreign languages. Prevalence of discursive practices and in-depth study of discourse marked the emergence of studies with cognitive-corpus focus; therefore, we are currently witnessing global coverage of corpus linguistics – both, substantively and methodologically – various professional and scientific zones in the area of humanistic research and other. The authors touch upon the question on the role and place of corpus linguistics in modern science, and support an opinion that corpus linguistics is meant to become a foundation for the new cognitive in its essence linguistic theory. The research methodology is structure on the interaction of such modern approaches as corpus-based and corpus-driven. Using these methods, the students take on the role of researcher-experimentalists, by means of corpora and in the process of performing specifically developed corpus-based tasks, conduct their own minor linguistic research. The authors’ special contribution consists in substantiation and generalization of theoretical experience of the forerunners in light of analysis of the direct and indirect application of corpora not only in teaching source language, but also computer linguodidactics; as well as description of such application from the perspectives of corpus-driven and corpus-based approaches for their future implementation into the educational process. As an example of such implementation, the authors developed a project task for the extra-mural master’s degree students of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University majoring “Computer Linguodidactics”: to compile their own corpus (based on the concordance software AntConc) on the selected topic of a particular textbook on general or specialized English language.
Yi L. - Fashion and the buzzword in scientific coverage (based on the material of Russian and Chinese) pp. 200-216

DOI:
10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.38013

EDN: KBSEPX

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of fashion and buzzwords in scientific coverage, the task of which is to identify the concept of "fashion" in various scientific fields and the characteristics of the buzzword in the discourses of the Russian and Chinese languages. The article describes the manifestation of the fashion category in philosophical discourse. A comprehensive analysis of the philosophers' points of view on fashion allows us to identify the load of meanings of the concept of "fashion" in clothing, its connection with the concepts of "prestige" and "taste" and characters (total, changeable). Separating the semiotics and semiology of fashion, R. Barth proves the inseparability of fashion and language. Semantic and cognitive analysis of the concept of a fashionable word in two languages shows common characteristics: relevance, mass character, prestige, transience, news, expressiveness. The study allows us to conclude that the concept of "language fashion" and "fashion word" is closely related to the category of fashion in culture and in civilization. In the philosophical discourse, the most important characteristics of the fashion category were highlighted: its inseparable connection with the category of taste, the social nature of fashion, its inclusiveness and changeability. In semiotics, fashion was defined as a sign system put at the service of the economy and social stratification of society. Language fashion is a powerful means of manipulating and influencing human consciousness. The buzzword is a significant dynamic linguistic phenomenon, it simultaneously creates a problem of lexicography and performs powerful functions. The author considers the concept of "fashionable word" in the everyday life of Russian linguistics in comparison with Chinese, which determines the novelty of the study.
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