Trends and management - rubric Theory and methodology of management

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of Russian TV advertising, as well as the functions of advertising with regards to the goals of advertisers, developers of advertising content, and consumers of advertising products. The article explores the specifics of modern Russian TV advertising, and analyzes the existing traditions of selective perception marketing, as well as advances the original concept of divergence of public values by the Russian media. The research employs systematic and axiological approaches, observation, system analysis, case analysis and content analysis of TV commercials, structural-functional and socio-psychological methods, as well as conceptualization and generalization techniques. The study considers 150 TV commercials broadcasted on the central Russian channels over the period from 2017 to 2020. The author reveals the peculiarities of the Russian advertising content, as well as the trends that established thereof in recent decades. The scientific novelty lies in the conclusion that the Russian TV advertising features a unique (compared to Western advertising) transformative function aimed at changing the national value system as the framework of Russian culture and mentality and the pillar of the Russian system of social values. The author also notes that many TV commercial use the techniques of manipulating consumer perception and consciousness. The acquired results can be applied in the area of protecting consumer interests in the Russian Federation, as well as bringing into correlation the interests of advertisers and consumers of advertising content for more effective promotion of products and services in tune with the interests of customers.

Keywords: informational content, conflict of interests, manipulation, consumer perception, marketing communication, product promotion, digital economy, consumer economics, transformational content, transformative advertising

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.1.12385

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.1.65213

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the role of reason in the modern political processes, global politics and foreign policy of nation states. The author attempts to clarify the basic terms related to the term “reason (mind)” and to show how the “reason” factor is perceived by the participants of political process and political relations. It is established that “reason” is a rather complicated structure. In political and social human activities, it may be manifested in various levels as individual, collective and distributed reason. And there is also a complex manifestation. Appearance of the network structures in the organization of the modern society births the new form of existence of reason, such as network forms, which reflect themselves upon the reasonability criteria and evaluation of certain foreign political strategies or political courses as reasonable. As a result, it becomes obvious, that speaking of reasonable policy, we often mean various bases and criteria for reasonability. Moreover, different cultures have different ideas of reason and reasonability in political activities, which are based upon their traditions and social values. At the same time the noosphere teaching of V.I. Vernadskiy allows to synthesize various approaches to reason and its role in politics into a comprehensive paradigm, connecting them via the modern noo-vitism ideology.

Keywords: administration, politics, reason noovitism, noosphere, Vernadskiy, state, interests, values, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.3.7859

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.4.9603

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.3.63275

Abstract: The article provides the study results of the problems regarding security guarantees in railway transportation. The authors view the key groups of risks, threats and structural vulnerabilities of the infrastructure objects for r ailway t ransportation. T he authors t hen provide the results of modeling methods development and analysis of development of emergency situations at the railway transportation infrastructure objects based upon the formation of structural components and interrelated matrixes, as well as prevention models using the indicator approach. The authors provide the methods for setting and solving of the multi-criteria problem for the optimum placement of indicators within the complicated technical system structures, based upon the criteria of accuracy, completeness, timeliness for detecting failures of various types.

Keywords: t echnical sciences, m anagement, r ailway transportation, structural vulnerability, threat, emergency situation, critical emergency, complicated technical system, indicator approach, table of solutions.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.4.63758

Abstract: The article is devoted to a complex of problems regarding efficiency improvement in the sphere of analysis of accountability management for social and economic systems. The authors provide the results of analysis of the key specific features of the methodology for accountability management. The authors single out the main positive features of this approach towards managing social and economic systems. The authors evaluate the main goals and aims, as well as principles for the monitoring organization for the implementation of federal target programs (FTP). The authors discuss the methods for lowering the level of excessive information within the monitoring system, based on a modified system by Marti. The authors provide the main directions for the efficiency improvement for the systems within the class, which is being viewed by them. The authors offer to use scenario approach to solve the management and control goals for the implementation of target programs. The scenario analysis allows to evaluate the integral performance value under the program target management, and the foremost important efficiency marker is the social and economic effect, which was achieved. The authors provide scientific and methodological recommendations for the improvement of the mechanisms of control over implementation of social and economic target programs. The authors offer to organize quality control based upon the markers of industrial and financial — economic efficiency and accountability of the choice of control objects, as well as its intensity level. The offered model for choosing control objects (FTP performers) is based upon the system of control event plans within the established period of time, including the basic and prolonged annual basic plan, as well as operative plans, while development of these plans is based upon the operative information on production and economic activities of performers in the process of FTP implementation.

Keywords: planning, management, target program, efficiency, scenario analysis, imitation model, forecasting, monitoring, control, examination.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.17668

Abstract: This article is a scientific review. The subject of this research is human sustainability in the organizational environment. It is shown that this concept is gaining popularity both in foreign and domestic science. The author investigates the comprehensive understanding of this subject, and based on the integration of different approaches offers a definition of "human sustainability in the organizational environment". The paper presents the arguments in favor of the connection between the study of human sustainability in an organizational environment and other academic concepts of sustainability, such as professional sustainability, business sustainability, corporate social responsibility, concept of business efficiency, and positions them in relative to each other. A separate section is devoted to review of the state of research in related scientific areas of research (the study of the quality of life, the study of stress factors in the workplace, the study of social pollution). As a result of the scientific research can be author's definition of the modern "scientific space" of study of human sustainability in the organizational environment by finding the location of the various research areas and concepts in the elements of the semantic chain "phenomenon – factors – conditions – consequences – results", which allows expanding the scientific idea about the studied phenomenon.

Keywords: Human sustainability, Organizational environment, Quality of work environment, Professional sustainability, Corporate social responsibility, Social pollution , Toxic management elements, Toxic management elements, Scientific space, Sustainability of business

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.67566

Keywords: Human sustainability, Organizational environment, Quality of work environment, Professional sustainability, Corporate social responsibility, Social pollution, Toxic management elements, Toxic management elements, Scientific space, Sustainability of business

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.1.62583

Abstract: The article is devoted to the complex of methodological and applied problems regarding improving efficiency of the organization management. The authors view the methodological approach towards diagnostics and evaluation of the key threats to processes of achievement of the management goals. The authors provide the results of analysis of inner and outer threats to the sustainable development of social and economic systems, their segments and specific economic subjects. The authors evaluate the efficiency of scenario approach for the improvement of management efficiency, which allows to evaluate quality and congruence of varied strategic and tactical management decisions of various temporal and territorial position, and which are aimed for the achievement of the pre-set goals and lowering the level of vulnerability of the management system to the threats of various nature.

Keywords: technical sciences, organization management, management decision, social and economic system, sustainable development, diagnosis of threats, scenario analysis, source of vulnerability, source of threats, harm.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.67567

Abstract: This article conducts a philosophical analysis of the sociocultural aspect of administration, focusing attention on its axiological component. The authors substantiate the importance of axiology of administration on both, the government level, as well as the level of a separate organization. Specificity of the administrative influence through the organizational culture is being revealed. The work substantiates the necessity of taking into account within the work activity the traditions of national culture, its ideals, and values. The authors examine the importance of axiology of administration in solution the tasks of innovative development of the Russian society, when there is a need to motivate people for creativity, initiative, and risk. The scientific novelty consists in overcoming the gap between the culture and sociality within the administrative process, as well as in determination of peculiarities of mechanism that regulates creativity and innovative activity through the values; the latter are considered an essential element of sociocultural administration. The conclusion is made about the advantages of such regulation of creative work, as a challenge, which derives from the ideal nature of values.

Keywords: Society, Social administration, Culture, Values, Government, Organization, Labor, Economy, Innovations, Creativity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2017.2.23425

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of assessing the activity efficiency of top management in the Russian state-owned enterprises (SOE). The author examines the motivational aspects of the executives in proprietary’s interest and application of the just system of material incentives. The focus on state-owned enterprises is substantiated by their significant weight in economic sector of the Russian Federation. Special interest present the universal for all SOE methodological guidelines provided by the Federal Agency for State Property Management aimed at establishment of the system of assessment and motivation of the chief executives. Special attention is given to the principal – agent problem. Leaning on the analysis of the existing methodological guidelines alongside the study and systematization of recommendation of the Russian and foreign specialist on the problem of assessment and motivation, the author makes suggestions on amendments and improvements of such provided by the Federal Agency for State Property Management. The importance of the acquired results consists in possibility of their implementation for increasing efficiency of the system of assessment and motivation of the executives at the level of a singular SOE as a whole, and its separate projects in particular. Special relevance is presented by the author’s propositions on implementation of various schemes of financial incentives depending on a project run by an executive: creation of new business, support and development of the already existing commercial project, realization of cash-consuming projects necessary for achieving certain goal of a corporation.

Keywords: management, bonus, state-owned enterprise, evaluation, top management, motivation, key performance indicators, efficiency, principal-agent problem, system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2019.1.23779

Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of state administration, since the period of the new public management (1990’s – early 2000’s) until the era of digital management (early 2000’s to the present). An important component of the subject of this research is the practice of implementation of the open data to the practice state administration since the late 2000’s, which leans on the increasing number of government datasets, cloud processing technologies and production sharing, using the civic activists networks, web-based applications “mash-ups” and crowdsourcing. The object of this research is the state administration as the activity of bureaucratic structures, associated with rendering of public services and execution of managerial functions and powers in the conditions of rapid implementation of modern information communication technologies. The scientific novelty consists in description of the key peculiarities of shifting towards the second wave digital management on the example of open data, which are founded on the digital platform, cloud computing, social networks, various web applications and Web 3.0 generation digital technologies.

Keywords: Digital management, New public management, State services, Reintegration of bureaucratic structures, Information communication technologies, Web-bases applications “mash-ups”, Web 2.0/3.0, Open data, Cloud computing, Civic analyst networks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.4.10450

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2013.4.63759

Abstract: The inframarginal economics is a rather new division within the economic science, and it is based upon the inframarginal analysis with the attention focused upon the problems of an economic organization. The article discusses the nature of inframarginal analysis, and the theoretical bases, which distinguish inframarginalism from marginalism within the neo-classical economic theory. The author shows importance of the inframarginal approach for the development of the modern economic science. In this article the inframarginal analysis is viewed through the prism of economic theory. The complex study in the perspective of a neo-classical model and the model by A. Smith allows one to draw conclusions on the place of inframarginal analysis in the process of searching for the business solutions. While the neoclassical approach concentrates upon the optimum distribution of limited resources, the inframarginal economy pays attention to the economic organization problems. Many economic goals are not limited to resource allocation, since such an attitude would leave some important economic development issues relating to the type of economic organization outside the scope of analysis. An illustration to the difference between the organizational and distributional criteria may be found in the «deadweight» monopolies, which is a negative factor from the resource allocation standpoint, while it is not that obvious when one is to evaluate the perspectives of scientific technological progress. Finally, the main reason for the changes in the economic development is related to the issues of economic activity organization.

Keywords: inframarginal economics, inframarginal analysis, neo-classical approach, classical model, economic organization, economic science, structural qualities, economic solutions, individual specialization, costs.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.67568

Abstract: This article explores the nuances of the modern robotics, as well as the cause for the current boom in this area. The author determines and characterizes two directions in development of robotics: in one, which leans on the old concept of robotics, the developers attempt to imitate animals or people; in the other – the concept of robotics leans on the programming, environment perceptions, and understanding of modern technology. A discussion is held on why the robotics was created fairly late, as well as the situation (the zone of nearest technological development), in which robotics has been established. The article analyzes the capabilities of modern robotics as well as some issues related to its development. As a result, the author was able to characterize peculiarities of modern robotics and the situation in which it emerged. The author defines and describes two directions of development of robotics: one is oriented towards the anthropological ideals; the other – towards the ideas of programming, modern technology, organization of special environment representing natural formations, life and nuances of which we have yet to fully understand.

Keywords: Robot, Robotics, Technology, Product, Development, Programming, Environment, Network, System, Autonomy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2017.2.22741

Abstract: The subject of this study is the features of introducing marketing innovations in the process of managing regional development. The object of the study is the socioeconomic environment. The peculiarity of the study of regions and their foreign economic policy is the specificity of the state federal system, according to which each region has the right to represent its interests in foreign trade independently and not depending on the directions of the federal center. At the same time, it correlates with the fact that the budget policy, as well as the marketing strategies of the region, are aimed at forming a unity of state perception on foreign markets. The author tries to eliminate these contradictions. The methodology of the research is based on the analysis of the information base of the main provisions of the regional policy, as well as the statistical analysis in which the results of foreign economic activity of the regions of Russia are presented. The novelty of this study consists in the developed macroeconomic planning, taking into account the regions, which is also the author's proposal for a block of marketing communications and adapted instruments for positioning individual regions as independent units. For projecting the marketing strategy, information on changes in the competitive potential of the region and the state of the environment in the process of implementing the positioning strategy is presented. The article shows that the regions of the Russian Federation have a specific resource potential and the level of social development and infrastructure that has a significant impact on the formation of foreign economic relations. The question of the degree of independence of the regions in the implementation of foreign economic activity remains quite controversial, since developing the external economic activity of individual regions remains very important task of preserving the integrity of the country's economic space.

Keywords: market researches, economic activity, potential, integration, innovations, region, marketing, management, international, public management

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2017.4.24848

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the methodological and applied problems of increasing the efficiency of administrative processes of the socioeconomic development of Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the current conditions. The authors provide the results of analysis of the basic peculiarities of the Arctic zone of Russia as a complex large-scale and spatially distributed administrative objects, as well as the priority projects of the development of the Russian North. The article describes the main peculiarities of administrative processes of the socioeconomic development of Arctic zone and determines the basic groups of factors that substantially complicate the administrative processes of the development of Arctic zone using the traditional methods and approaches. In the course of this research, were examined the various schemes and mechanism of group administration, as well as presented the results of analysis of the efficient application of matrix organizational structures of group administration. The authors introduce the core formalized model of group administration of the socioeconomic systems that allows proceeding to the further mathematical description of its dynamic characteristics. The aforementioned model is also the basis for the development of solution methods of the complex of applied and practical tasks aimed at increasing the efficiency of group administration in terms of the emerging at the final stage scenarios of development of the examined system. The authors create the integrated hierarchical organizational structure of group administration of the development of Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as formulate the promising directions of fundamental and applied studies in the area of development of the indicated methodological approach.

Keywords: control, efficiency, matrix structure, scenario analysis, modelling, planning, symbolic graphs, group management, economic development, Arctic

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.67569

Abstract: The object of this article is the biopolitics, while the subject of this scientific research is the notion of biopolitics, its genesis and evolution. The author carefully examines the origin of this term, its evolutions and the borders of its current use within the framework of the Western political science. The author emphasizes the role of Michel Foucault as an innovator, who gave a new understanding to the problem of biopolitical measurement of social reality. The role of Giorgio Agamben and Norman Rose as successors of Foucault’s tradition of interpretation of biopolitics is also being highlighted. The author uses a textological analysis, which allows determining the differences in interpretation of this notion among various researchers. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the following: 1) structuring the periodization of development of the notion of biopolitics, which is based on the transformation of essence introduced by various authors; 2) detection of the inner content of the notion of biopolitics, which was used by various representatives of political science. We should also note the revolutionary innovations of M. Foucault, who introduced a new interpretation of this term by significantly expanding its apprehension and reconsidering the nature of authoritative interactions in the era of mature modernity.

Keywords: Post-structuralism, Post-structuralism, Liberalism, Post-modernism, History of notion, Biopower, Michel Foucault, Nikolas Rose, Genealogy, Sociobiologism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.67570

Abstract: This article reveals the evolutionary process of forming patterns of development and political decision-making in the Russian Federation on the national government level. The author notes that during Russia's recent history (from the time of formation of the Russian Federation in 1991) the country has sequentially changed three models of development and execution of decisions: polycentric, vertically centralized, and mixed (currently in force). The methodological basis of the study is a systematic, structural and functional, comparative political approach, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation. Each of the above patterns of development and political decision-making (polycentric, vertically centralized and combined) corresponds to the socio-political formation of the Russian state at certain stages of its development, and gave way to the next model under the influence of radical changes in the political life of Russian society, which brought substantial changes in the political system and the political regime in Russia. Together, all three models are stages of the same evolutionary process, extrapolation of which allows forecasting the changes to the Russian Federation’s combined model of development and political decision-making in the future.

Keywords: Political system, Russia, World politics, Synergetic vision, International relations, Diplomacy, Interests, State, Security, Risks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.2.14600

Abstract: In this article the author defines methodological approaches to the definition of indicators of competitiveness measurement of franchise businesses. He offers his approach to structuring criteria of competitiveness. The author convincingly proves that competitiveness criteria of franchises are facets of its work which aim to achieve a stable competitive advantage in the common interest field with other companies, which undoubtedly is a hot topic, considering the evolved market conditions, and his point of view provides a fresh insight on the phenomenon of competitiveness. This work's method of research involves the analysis of the work of franchising enterprises and spotting criteria of their measurement of competitiveness on this basis. The author’s major conclusions are as follows following. Management of competitiveness of a subject of the economy is impossible without definition and measurement of its most significant indicators. In order to achieve a stable competitive advantage in the market, a franchising enterprise needs to work out its own system of objectives that will be clear for all its employees involved in the projects, employees who will aim for the normative indicator values as a the bar for their work. Using the complex of the given criteria of competitiveness measurement in other spheres of economy is only reasonable if the management strategy is aiming to expand influence beyond the current region. The novelty of the article stems from the fresh system of criteria offered by the author that have both, academic and practical value.

Keywords: measurement, approach, management, competitiveness, criteria, diagnostics, complex, franchises, indicators, market

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.2.66426

Keywords: measurement, approach, management, competitiveness, criteria, diagnostics, complex, franchises, indicators, market

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.2.15625

Abstract: The authors have developed a method of evaluating the effectiveness of the system of state support at the regional level, which makes it possible to assess the actual level of management efficiency in a particular region, and identify existing reserves. Correlation and regression analysis, which gives an opportunity to identify the most important factors that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of the state support system in the sector. Also proposed correlation and regression models (for example, the model showing the influence of the effectiveness of information support for innovative activity of organizations in the region; model showing the influence of accessibility of innovative infrastructure on the number of small businesses in the region, per 100,000 inhabitants, and others). Application of this method in the practice of public administration of the small innovative business sector will take into account the influence of the qualitative factors in evaluating the effectiveness of the system as a whole.

Keywords: effectiveness of control, institutional aid, economic sanctions, economic crisis, innovations, small innovative entrepreneurship, methodical approach, assessment of effectiveness, providing national security, state support

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.2.67813

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.3.16048

Abstract: The paper is focused on the methodological and applied issues of development regional security management processes. In this work, the basic principles of organization of social stability monitoring are being examined. The results of the analysis of mass media and social networks monitoring effectiveness are presented. The set of basic technological tasks of monitoring automation is considered. The results of the analysis of the problems of the conception and use of key performance indicators for regional security management processes are presented. The basic requirements for such indicators are formulated. The results of the analysis of the main paths for improving the efficiency of the social stability monitoring systems using the modified I.-M. Marty chart are presented. The solution for regional security management problems is formulated using the scenario analysis methodology, it’s the initial data base including monitoring data on social stability in the region. The results of the analysis conducted have shown that information technologies of monitoring must be built on the set of target indicators of social stability in order provide the necessary level of efficiency and completeness of information for effective decision-making. The use of the modified I.-M. Marty chart and the sets of indicators developed on this basis can significantly improve the efficiency of monitoring by streamlining data flows and reducing non-productive costs of data collecting and processing.

Keywords: management, monitoring, regional security, social stability, information technologies, data flows, scenario analysis, management decisions, mass media, social networks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.3.66950

Keywords: management decisions, scenario analysis, data flows, information technologies, social stability, regional security, monitoring, management, mass media, social networks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.3.19709

Abstract: This article describes an example of a systemic approach towards the analysis of social systems and the organizations or their components. The model of analysis is based on the consideration of system through relative properties of its elements. Since these properties are manifested only in the interaction, the state of the system can be described as a set of resource exchange processes and their parameters. Each component of the system is characterized in terms of its function. All participating members are described as external resources that support processes of an organization. The methods of research of system elements or its processes and resource sources involved are shown based on the SWOT analysis. The author describes the most effective strategies for all four types of processes (strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities). The assignment of processes to a particular type is based on the relative features of interacting entities. It is stated that all subjects, with which a system or an organization interacts, are sources of useful resources. If there is a source of destructive influence on the organization processes, the system searches for external resources, extenuating this influence without connection thereto. It is implied that any exchange of energy takes place on the basis of mutual compensation. It is also shown that for a system any interaction is adaptation to a larger system, or a change of smaller systems for its own benefit. Hence, the result for the system will either be an accumulation of energy or investments. Finally, the author describes the algorithm for evaluation of any sources of resources for their assignment to one of the categories on the SWOT matrix. The rating is based on the relative value of the resource source and the relative probability of its emergence. The main instruments of the different strategies are accumulation, investments and an increase in turnover. Additionally, the possibility of using this instrument for assessment under the model of Porter’s five forces is represented.

Keywords: social capital, symbolic capital, cenotypes of Ramensky, competition of Yudanov, systemic approach, marketing mix, Porter's five forces, SWOT analysis, strategic management, systems theory

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.3.68190

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the authority delegation in implementing development strategies, which include activities that change the culture and code of conduct of company personnel. The formed algorithm of the authority delegation in the process of implementation of the strategy of enterprise development should consider hosting a number of events: creation of teams and ad hoc groups; establishing and strengthening feedback; major intervention. It was determined that the adopted structure of the balanced scorecard for each company is unique in its kind, but the chain of value creation of the company will include the same basic and auxiliary business processes. Among the conclusions made are the author’s definition of the desired future status of the company; the planning and development process for implementing change should take into account the principle of planning; implementation of development strategies is carried out via delegation of authority to "agents of change". The novelty of this work consists in the general model and conceptual algorithm for authority delegation in the process of implementing the development strategy of the enterprise.

Keywords: management, enterprise, development, strategy, performance, system, authority, delegation, changes, algorithm

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.10281

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.65509

Abstract: This work focuses on analyzing technologies and development of models and methods for increasing the efficiency of information security audit of automated systems. The authors list the methods for information security audit, as well as describe the major stages of information security control system audit, including comprehensive examination of the system, analysis of existing risks and developing recommendations list for improving information resource security systems. The authors raised and solved the problem of increasing efficiency of organizing information security audit while minimizing audit risks. The audit process is presented as a set of audit procedures, interrelated via time and information. To analyze and evaluate audit risk, the authors introduce the definition of “standard pattern of audit data processing”, according to which the audit data processing is divided into processing itself, error control and correction, or, failing that, requesting additional base information necessary for the completion of the audit. The article’s methodology basis consists of the systematic method, the structural and functional method, the comparative approach, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling and observation approaches. The task of optimizing the audit process involves making the right choices regarding information processing technologies for audit data, which would ensure minimal errors in results. The authors offer models and methods of efficiency analysis, substantiation and choice for design solutions to enhance information security, using vector stratification to pick the right solution out of the multitude of alternatives.

Keywords: information security, automated system, audit, audit risk, standard pattern, control, design solution, comprehensive evaluation, targeted selection, vector stratification

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.17111

Abstract: The article introduces the distinction between the concepts of technics and technology. It is shown that technology goes through three main stages of development. The first stage is unanimously associated with the culture of Antiquity and the Middle Ages part, whentechnology could be described as a form of magic. The preconditions for the second stagerise from antiquity and the Middle Ages as new technics emerge primarily in XVI-XVIII centuries, dubbed engineering. The third stage, mainly situated in the XIX and XX centuries, involves the formation of technology. Originally formed as "technology in the narrow sense," mainly involving the technical work carried out withinin industrial production and bourgeois competition. Then "technology in the broadest sense" or "technology of major techno-social projects," emerged. The final stage is the formation of a "global technology". The author offers description and evaluation of e ach type of technoogy, as well as a comparative analysis of different kinds of work and practice, situational analysis and problematization, case studies. As a result, the author is able to show the difference and the interconnection between technics and technology, the main stages of their development, influenced by social and cultural factors and conditions. Thus, the author solves a number of long-standing problems of philosophy and history of technology. primarily in XVI-XVIII centuries

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.67134

Keywords: manufacturing, engineering, magic, development, technology, Equipment design, competition, quality, cost, design

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.17825

Keywords: Society, Social administration, Culture, Values, Government, Organization, Labor, Economy, Innovations, Creativity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.17632

Keywords: Robot, Robotics, Technology, Product, Development, Programming, Environment, Network, System, Autonomy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.17210

Keywords: Post-structuralism, Post-structuralism, Liberalism, Post-modernism, History of notion, Biopower, Michel Foucault, Nikolas Rose, Genealogy, Sociobiologism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.1.18001