DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38367

EDN: PZQYAO

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the modeling process and visualization capabilities in the Minecraft game, as well as comparing the result with architectural visualization in the Archicad program. The process of creating a three-dimensional model is described using the main stages: site preparation, drawing creation, model design and visualization. Each of the stages has its own characteristics within the game environment. The article points out the negative sides of Minecraft: limited detail and unrealistic visualization. The advantages of the program are also described: the ease of operation and intuitiveness of the menu, the ability to quickly model complex shapes, the game gives minimal concepts about working with materials, the environment and the scene for visualization. The main advantage is the ability to develop three-dimensional thinking within the game environment. The world of the architectural industry is undergoing great changes, this is expressed both in unusual forms and materials of buildings, and in design programs. Each of which has its own characteristics and tools, due to which it facilitates the creation of a certain category of volumes. This makes it possible to develop a certain style trend, an example of this is the Rhinoceros program with the Grasshopper plugin, which allows you to easily create and modify complex objects. But in addition to complex programs with many functions, there are also simple ones that are more entertainment than a serious tool, but can interest the user and direct him to the path of the future architect. One of the most popular games of this type is Minecraft. It is familiar to every student and schoolboy, for a reason, because the creative potential of this game is almost inexhaustible.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38486

EDN: CSDSGG

Abstract: This article examines the architectural and spatial organization of a pedestrian street, presented as an object in the form of a multifunctional complex. The subject of the study is the architectural and typological features of the components of a multifunctional pedestrian street. The novelty of the approach lies in the representation of the street as an integral object in the form of a multifunctional complex in the structure of the residential quarter of St. Petersburg. The article also contains a systematic analysis of architectural planning, urban planning and compositional solutions for objects of this type. The analysis is based on combining the principle of operation of a pedestrian street with the criteria of multifunctionality. The main section of this study is devoted to an overview of the structure of diversified objects included in the pedestrian street building. The scientific novelty of the work consists in considering a pedestrian street as an independent object in the form of a multifunctional complex incorporated into the structure of a residential quarter. For this purpose, the project "Multifunctional Street in the structure of the Lenexpo quarter" (St. Petersburg) was carried out by the Bachelor of Architecture Peter Dmitrievich Cherepanov under the guidance of Konstantin Ivanovich Kolodin, Associate Professor of the Department of Architectural Design of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU). On the basis of the completed project, a typology of objects combined into a multifunctional complex was formulated. The project was developed taking into account the multisectoral unification, as well as taking into account the principles of modular structuring of space and the construction of individual buildings and structures. The mechanism of the pedestrian street operation was calculated, which was reflected in architectural planning and spatial solutions when designing this complex. According to the content of the main sections of the study, conclusions were formulated that take into account the prospects for the development of such architectural objects in the future.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38653

EDN: UBWRWJ

Abstract: The article reflects the results of the research conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern suburbs of Russia (the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century)". The publication examines the creative activity of the famous Trans-Baikal architect, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts Gavriil Vlasevich Nikitin, who worked in Chita at the beginning of the XX century. Brief biographical information is provided concerning the educational training of the architect, as well as his professional activities on the "outskirts" of the Russian Empire. On the basis of archival data and materials of field surveys, seven preserved buildings of apartment buildings built in the capital of Transbaikalia according to his projects have been identified. A brief digression into the history of the construction of these facilities is given, their spatial planning and stylistic features are considered. Apartment houses authored by G. V. Nikitin are of unconditional interest for historical and architectural science not only as examples of regional architecture of the pre-revolutionary period, but also as an example of the work of this master on a private order. Carrying out projects for representatives of the Chita merchant class, the architect managed to create a number of expressive structures that met the socio-economic and aesthetic needs of his time, as well as set the tone for the subsequent development of the central district of the city. The study showed that the architect mainly worked in the forms of eclecticism, skillfully combining motifs and elements of different architectural styles, thereby managing to form his own, well-recognized author's handwriting.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.35689

EDN: ZOWUIM

Abstract: The subject of this article is the analysis of methodological aspects of the study of images of architectural heritage in the cultural space of the city. The object of the study is the architectural environment of the city as part of the architectural heritage. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the influence of heritage on the positive image of the territory, the essence of the image and figurative characteristics of the city, factors of perception of urban space, directions of development of the architectural environment of the city, analysis of the figurative characteristics of the city, the state of architectural heritage. Special attention is paid to the methodology of analyzing images of cultural heritage, classification of figurative characteristics, substantiation of a new approach to the analysis of the architectural environment of the city. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the substantiation of a new methodological construct in the study of the subject field of the influence of figurative characteristics of the architectural environment of the city on the preservation of its cultural heritage. The novelty of the research is the new application of the figurative-symbolic approach to the study of cultural heritage in the images of architecture. The main conclusions of the study are: the need for the formation of an architectural environment, as well as significant activities to actualize and popularize cultural heritage, the active inclusion of images of architectural heritage in the semiotic field of the cultural space of the city, increasing awareness of the value of the architectural environment on the part of citizens.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38646

EDN: URGXMF

Abstract: The subject of the study is the architectural and urban planning features of Class II stations on the section of the Trans–Siberian Railway - the Ussuriyskaya Railway (the historical name of the line), the most remote from Moscow and St. Petersburg. The article discusses the final stations of the route – Vladivostok and Khabarovsk during the years of construction and in the first years of operation (the time frame can be conditionally considered from 1891 – the laying of the road, until the early 1910s - the preparation of projects for the reconstruction and expansion of stations). The author pays special attention to the study of village layouts, the mutual location of the main objects – passenger buildings, squares, streets; the current state of railway development is analyzed. The paper presents the materials obtained during the field surveys and research studies of the author in 2021-2022. It is emphasized that railway stations and their simple, at first glance, architectural design are part of the grandiose ensemble of the Great Siberian Way, original monuments of the era, and as such are of considerable research interest. Architectural and town-planning features of the first railway stations of Vladivostok and Khabarovsk are analyzed for the first time. The necessity of further comprehensive study of the railway development of cities and towns in the south of the Far East, including for the development of measures for its preservation and popularization of industrial architectural heritage, was noted.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38734

EDN: AWWVTR

Abstract: The article presents the main results of a sociological study of the state and prospects for the development of the cultural sphere of the municipality of Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The object of this study was the sphere of culture of Salekhard, the subject is the state and problems of its development. The study was applied in nature and was aimed at obtaining an analytical basis for further verification of the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategy of socio-economic development of the municipality of Salekhard until 2030 in terms of the development of the city's cultural sphere, as well as the adjustment of existing and development of new provisions of this strategy. The results of the study, based on the data of an expert survey and sociological observation, indicate significant achievements in the development of the cultural sphere of the city of Salekhard. Thus, the celebration of the Reindeer Herder's Day in Salekhard has become not only a holiday of local significance, but also acquired the status of a tourist brand of the region. It is revealed that despite significant achievements, there are also problems associated with the shortage of young creative personnel, the deterioration of the material and technical base of cultural institutions of the city. Promising areas for the development of the cultural sphere are such as the creation of open and closed citywide venues for mass events, as well as the development of creative public spaces. In addition, the creation of a drama theater may become a new direction.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38440

EDN: AZRYMG

Abstract: The purpose of this publication is to highlight the urbanization processes of Yakutia in the 1960s through the prism of the ethnosocial development of the indigenous peoples of the North. The article examines the main factors that influenced the formation of the migration landscape of the studied region, re-introduced into scientific circulation the data of sociological studies conducted in the 1970s by the staff of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the SB Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and gives a modern interpretation of the trends that occurred at that time. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analysis of archival data, periodicals, and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-system, problem-chronological and statistical methods also allowed the most complete analysis of the processes studied. Based on the collected materials, the content of the urbanization processes that took place among the small peoples of the North in the 1960s was revealed for the first time and it was revealed that at that time their manifestation was expressed in the penetration of elements of urban life, including infrastructural and social innovations into the daily life of rural communities, and not in their migration activity and moving to larger settlements. It is indicated that these trends were the result of the state policy on the consolidation of collective farms, which caused a change in the general settlement structure in the republic and the active industrial development of the region, which caused a powerful influx of immigrants from other regions accompanied by an increase in the number of urban settlements. Thanks: the work was carried out using scientific equipment of the CCP FITC YANC SB RAS No. 13 CCP.21. 16

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38120

EDN: ASQDZC

Abstract: The author analyzes the features of urbanization processes in Indonesia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of transferring the capital of modern Indonesia. The author examines in detail the features of the urbanization process in Indonesia. Special attention is paid to the role of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, as the main factor of urbanization processes in the context of uneven development of urban areas. The social and economic imbalances that have arisen as a result of uneven urbanization are shown. The article presents an attempt to analyze the transfer of the capital of Indonesia in modern Russian historiography. The author analyzes in detail the perception of the problems of urbanization in the intellectual discourse of Indonesia. The article presents an overview of the structure and activities of the Metropolitan Administration of the Archipelago – the governing body of Nusantara – the new proposed capital of Indonesia.   The novelty of the study consists in the analysis of the Indonesian experience of urbanization and attempts to solve the problems of its unevenness. The article analyzes 1) the social problems of the Indonesian model of urbanization, 2) the features of Jakarta as the capital in the context of urbanization, 3) the prospects for the transfer of the capital and development projects of Nusantara as the new proposed capital of Indonesia. The contribution of the Indonesian intellectual community to the discussions on urbanization and the transfer of the capital is shown. The results of the study suggest that 1) modern Indonesian society is fragmented in the perception of the transfer of the capital, 2) political elites decided to move the capital to Nusantary, ignoring the opinions of opponents, 3) vectors and trajectories of the subsequent development of urbanized regions and the new capital remain uncertain.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.37507

EDN: ALIIZJ

Abstract: The emotional state and quality of the citizens' rest depends on the quality of the decorative floral design. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the floral design of the central part of the city of Izhevsk, to determine the optimal planting area of annual ornamental crops per 1 m2 and the factors that influenced the quality and decorative effect of regular-style flower beds in the conditions of Izhevsk. The selected objects for research are located along one route: Victory Square, Kuzebai Gerd Square, Likhvintsev Boulevard, the square near the residence of the Head of the Udmurt Republic, the square near the Children's Cafe. The examination of flower beds was carried out according to the principle of the route method. For a qualitative assessment of flower beds, the following were taken into account: the surface of the flower bed, the habitus and decorative properties of plants, the presence of decay, the state of the soil, the planting rate, and the littering. To assess the decorative effect of flower beds in the floral design of Izhevsk, the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFIC UrO RAS) developed a 4-point assessment taking into account the laws of composition. Flower beds located on the territory of the studied objects are decorated mainly with annual flower crops and occupy an area of 3464 m2 (99.5%), including 1570 m2 (45%) in regular style, 13 types of ornamental plants of single–season use belonging to 10 families participated in the landscaping of regular-style flower beds in 2019-2020. When studying flower beds in the central part of Izhevsk in 2019-2020, the dependence of the assessment of quality and decorative effect on the density of planting flower seedlings was revealed, with increasing density, the decorative effect of flower beds improves. Several reasons have been identified that have affected the deterioration of the decorative nature of flower beds: violation of the planting dates of flower crops, sparse plantings (16 pcs / 1 m2), low level of agronomic care of flower beds.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.37777

EDN: AGWBUM

Abstract: In the last thirty years, questions about the future of urban development have been discussed in the world. Global agents and organizations (the World Bank, the UN) set the vectors of planning policy and set goals for the development of cities around the world. The role of the state in the management of urban development is changing. There is a transition from state regulation to "management", which includes new subjects in the management process: investors, businesses, citizens. The transformation of management models is explained by economic globalization, the emergence of a global economic sector. Cities are starting to compete with each other and focus on attracting investment. Governments of different countries are looking for suitable ways to manage cities. In this context, post-socialist cities that are facing the consequences of the transition from socialism to the market are of particular interest. The object of this research is the transformation in the management of a post-socialist city in the context of global changes. The subject is the ways of conceptualizing transformation in the management of a post–socialist city.   Tasks include: 1) identification of the main approaches to the analysis of transformations in the management of a post-socialist city under the influence of global changes; 2) description of the conceptual discussion around the concept of "post-socialist city" and the theoretical possibilities of its application; 3) discussion of these approaches in relation to the study of post-Soviet cities. The article presents an overview of theoretical and methodological concepts describing global transformations in city management. The scientific novelty consists in the expansion of the categorical apparatus for describing and conceptualizing the transformation in the management of post-socialist cities in the context of globalization, the ways for describing the transformation in the management of post-Soviet cities are outlined.