|
MAIN PAGE
> Back to contents
Agriculture
Reference:
Voronina N.P.
Legal Provision of Food Security: New Answers to Modern Challenges
// Agriculture.
2022. № 3.
P. 13-20.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39425 EDN: YGUHTA URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39425
Legal Provision of Food Security: New Answers to Modern Challenges
Voronina Natal'ya Pavlovna
Doctor of Law
Associate Professor at the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Law of Moscow State University of Law
125993, Russia, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya str., 9
|
nvoroninamgua@yandex.ru
|
|
 |
Other publications by this author
|
|
|
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39425
EDN: YGUHTA
Received:
16-12-2022
Published:
23-12-2022
Abstract:
In the current geopolitical conditions, the Russian agriculture faces risks, the overcoming of which requires new solutions in determining the state policy. The main leitmotif is import substitution. This has been the main task of the state agrarian policy since 2012. The anti-Russian sanctions of 2022 exacerbated the problems of agriculture, the genesis of many of which dates back to the agrarian and land reforms of the 1990s., and to overcome which modern measures of state support are aimed. Among the main problems of the Russian agro-industrial complex is dependence on imported seeds, foreign agricultural machines and spare parts. In addition, logistical ties with countries to which Russia has exported its products over the past few years have been disrupted. An analysis of the modernization of strategic planning documents at the regional level, in particular, in the field of seed production, is presented. The main ways of development of agriculture in the conditions of modern challenges and threats are outlined. Conclusions are drawn about changes in the strategizing of the state agrarian policy, clarification of target indicators, terms, development of state support measures that are adequate to the current global economic situation, transformation of the concept of state agrarian policy, which causes a change in the markets for domestic agricultural products, increasing the importance of the Russian Federation in providing global food supply, security, accelerated development of seed production and technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex.
Keywords:
national security, food security, import substitution, strategic planning, transformation, agriculture, strategy, planning, legislation, legal regulation
This article is automatically translated.
You can find original text of the article here.
Food security "is the basis of national security and an important direction for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy" [4, p. 8]. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 "On National goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period up to the development of 2024" and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2020 No. 474 "On National development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" provide for a number of national goals, which are expected to be implemented in the sphere of agriculture. Their achievement in the field of agriculture requires strategic planning carried out on a sustainable, integrated and systematic basis. In paragraph 2 of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the 2020 Doctrine), "food security of the Russian Federation is the state of socio–economic development of the country, in which food independence is ensured, physical and economic accessibility for each citizen of the country of food products that meet mandatory requirements is guaranteed, in volumes not less than rational norms of food consumption, necessary for an active and healthy lifestyle" [2, p.197]. Import substitution is a process in the economy during which a country manufactures products through producers belonging to its state from its own raw materials [7, p.258]. As a rule, import substitution develops in response to sanctions. In 2014, the reunification of Crimea with Russia took place, which led to the imposition of economic sanctions on the Russian Federation by a number of foreign countries. According to a number of researchers, this was the impetus for the implementation of an import substitution policy aimed at prohibiting the transportation of certain imported goods and products to the Russian state, including in agriculture and the food industry [7, p.259]. In our opinion, the policy of import substitution in agriculture was initiated earlier and in connection with Russia's accession to the WTO. In particular, the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and regulation of Agricultural Products, raw Materials and Food markets for 2013-2020, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 14.07.2012 No. 717, already provided for import substitution of cattle meat, dairy products, vegetable and fruit growing as the second level of priorities of state policy. But the anti-Russian sanctions, of course, accelerated the process of import substitution, since "the most acute food problem manifested itself when Russia introduced certain special economic measures to ensure the security of the country, when about one fifth of the total volume of Russian imports of food products and agricultural raw materials fell under foreign sanctions, which corresponds to almost 15% of their domestic consumption" [1, p.215]. Today, the Russian agro-industrial complex faces both old and new threats, and the risks are divided into three groups: 1) sanctions and trade, 2) food, 3) climate and weather [6, p.4]. It is to overcome them that the state agrarian policy and strategic planning documents should be directed. The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 993-r dated April 12, 2020, which approved the Strategy for the Development of agro–industrial and fisheries complexes of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy of the Agro-industrial Complex 2020), provided that the state policy in the field of agro-industrial and fisheries complexes was determined taking into account import substitution processes. It indicated that it is necessary to involve agricultural land in the turnover, the development of a reclamation complex, and the formation of a unified digital database. At the same time, the current geopolitical situation causes a number of issues that need to be addressed, including the transformation of strategic planning and legal regulation of the development of the agro-industrial complex. On September 8, 2022, by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2567-r, a new Strategy for the development of the agro-industrial and fisheries complexes of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 was approved. It notes, firstly, the need for long-term and long-term development of the agro-industrial and fisheries complexes of our country, secondly, import substitution of critical agricultural products, thirdly, strengthening food security, fourthly, the development of new export directions, fifthly, effective management of agricultural land, thirdlySixth, the digital transformation of agriculture. The new Strategy is aimed at solving a number of both old and new problems of the agro-industrial complex. 1. Search for new directions of export of agricultural products. Overcoming the negative consequences of anti-Russian sanctions, according to some experts, is possible by concluding new international agreements with friendly and neutral foreign states (access mode: https://pravo.ru/story/239997 /(accessed 03.06.2022). Russia should not refuse to export its agricultural products, but it should be organized in friendly and neutral countries. The countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, China, and India were named as priority areas for the development of exports of Russian agricultural products. 2. Development and strengthening of logical systems in the EAEU (hereinafter referred to as the Union). It is necessary to intensify the cooperation of the EAEU members to ensure food security, the general principles and approaches to ensuring food security of which are determined by the Decision of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 89 of September 14, 2021. This document is aimed at ensuring the food security of the members of the Union through the production of their own agricultural products, mutual trade, reducing dependence on imports of material and technical resources. The principles of ensuring food security of the EAEU are: prohibition of discrimination in the common agricultural market of the EAEU, combination of national interests and the common agricultural market of the EAEU, consideration of international experience. Currently, there is a question of forming a common exchange market for EAEU goods. The list of goods offered for trading on the general exchange market of the Union is proposed: mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, sugar, meal, cake, timber, then grain [3, pp.6-8]. According to forecasts, the development of a common exchange market will help overcome the dependence in pricing for agricultural products and food from foreign countries.
3. Reducing dependence on imported seeds. For example, sugar beet seeds are almost 100 percent imported (access mode: https://rg.ru/2022/02/21/chto-grozit-prodovolstvennoj-bezopasnosti-rossii.html (accessed: 03.05.2022). Back in December 2021 The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V. I. Matvienko "drew special attention to the unsatisfactory results of the implementation of the FNTP in the field of development of domestic breeding and seed production of agricultural crops, especially for import substitution of potatoes and sugar beet" [5, p.8]. The doctrine of 2020 provides for a threshold value of seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection - at least 75 percent. Therefore, one of the strategic objectives of the Russian state is the development of seed production. There have already been changes in the legal regulation of seed production - on December 30, 2021, a new Federal Law No. 454-FZ "On Seed Production" was adopted, which enters into legal force on September 1, 2023. It regulates seed production relations in more detail in comparison with the current law, including the competence of state authorities, scientific support of seed production, requirements for the production (cultivation), storage, transportation and sale of seeds of agricultural plants, information support of seed production, ensuring safety in the field of seed production of agricultural plants, the implementation of federal state control (supervision) in the field of seed production. It is necessary to modernize strategic planning documents both at the level of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. In 2022, certain subjects of the Russian Federation assumed obligations to increase beet crops, developed strategic planning documents for the development of seed production [3, p.4]. Active actions are also needed to reduce the dependence of the EAEU members on imported seeds. The Agreement on the Circulation of seeds of agricultural plants within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union dated 07.11.2017 (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) is valid within the Union. It "regulates legal relations related to the circulation of seeds of agricultural plants within the Union, with the exception of seeds of agricultural plants, the genetic program of varieties of which contains genetically engineered material" (Article 2). The agreement provides for information support for the production and turnover of seeds of agricultural plants, the definition of uniform methods for the varietal identification of agricultural plants, the definition of varietal and sowing (planting) qualities of seeds of agricultural plants, measures aimed at the unification of national legislation on the testing of varieties and seed production. The Union has defined a list of agricultural plants for which there is dependence on the import of seeds and (or) planting material in the EAEU member states. These include sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, safflower, corn, winter rye, vegetable and melon crops, alfalfa, esparcet, fruit and berry crops. In the new Strategy, it is planned that the growth rate of seed production of new domestic varieties of agricultural plants within the framework of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program in relation to the previous year (basic and target options): in 2024, it will be 5 percent; in 2030, it will also be 5 percent. 4. Reducing dependence on imported agricultural machinery and spare parts. The Strategy plans an annual renewal of the fleet of vehicles at the level of 10 percent of the number of self-propelled vehicles and other equipment available. It is also necessary to apply modern technologies, including precision farming systems. Thus, modern realities required the adjustment of strategic planning documents in the field of agriculture. The position has been formed in the literature that sanctions should reorient the Russian agro-industrial complex from an "overly open agro-industrial system" into a system focused on sustainability and self-sufficiency, strengthening the protection of the agro-industrial complex from external influence" [6, p.7]. This requires changes in strategic planning, not only of agriculture, but of the agro-industrial complex as a whole. It is necessary to monitor the provision of fertilizers to agricultural producers, maintain stable prices on the wholesale market of agricultural products, increase the production of domestic agricultural machinery and equipment, intensify cooperation between agricultural producers and scientific organizations in determining the need for domestic seeds of major crops and breeding products for the long term (the list of instructions approved by the President of the Russian Federation on 04/26/2022 № Pr-738. Access from help.- right. systems "Consultant Plus"). Thus, the sanctions policy led to a change in the strategizing of the state agrarian policy, the clarification of target indicators, deadlines, and the development of state support measures adequate to the current global economic situation. At the same time, the concept of the state agrarian policy itself is being transformed, as there is a change in the markets for domestic agricultural products, the growing importance of Russia in ensuring global food security in terms of cereals and fertilizers, accelerated development of seed production and technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex.
References
1. Altukhov A.I. Ensuring the country's food security in the context of foreign sanctions // APK: economics, management.-2014.-No. 12.-P.215-219.
2. Voronina N. P. Legal transformation of state agrarian policy in the context of modern challenges and threats // Network scientific and practical journal of private and public law.-2022.-No. 4 (19).-P.195-202.
3. Digest of key publications in the media. Issue 55.-FGBU "Center for Agroanalytics" of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, 2022.-P.6-8.
4. Ivantsov P. I. Organizational and economic bases for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus. – Minsk: Belarus. Navuka, 2009.-218 p.
5. Senator Liliya Gumerova: “Russian seed production needs substantial investment” // Agrarian Science.-2022.-No. 2.-P. 8.
6. Sedova Yu. G. Academician A. V. Petrikov: “it is time to strengthen the protection of domestic agriculture and the agro-industrial complex from external influence” // Agrarian science.-2022.-No. 4.-P.6.
7. Tsvetkova P. I., Dubova Yu. I. Import substitution in the food industry in Russia under sanctions // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University.-2021.-No. 3 (449). Economic sciences. Issue. 72.-S. 258-264.
Peer Review
Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.
A REVIEW of an article on the topic "Legal provision of food security: new answers to modern challenges". The subject of the study. The article proposed for review is devoted to new responses to modern challenges in the legal provision of food security. The author has chosen a special subject of research: the proposed issues are investigated from the point of view of agrarian and international law, while the author notes that "... a number of national goals that are supposed to be realized in the field of agriculture. Their achievement in the field of agriculture requires strategic planning carried out on a sustainable, integrated and systematic basis." The NPA of Russia is being studied, including the provisions of the Food Security Doctrine, the Agro-industrial Complex Strategy 2020, and decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission related to the purpose of the study. A certain not very large volume of scientific literature on the stated problems is also studied and summarized, analysis and discussion with these opposing authors are present. However, there are other authors who also study this problem and write about it. At the same time, the author notes: "... the policy of import substitution in agriculture was launched earlier and in connection with Russia's accession to the WTO," But anti-Russian sanctions, of course, accelerated the process of import substitution, since "the most acute food problem manifested itself when Russia introduced certain special economic measures to ensure the country's security ...". Research methodology. The purpose of the study is determined by the title and content of the work: "... the current geopolitical situation causes a number of issues that need to be addressed, including the transformation of strategic planning and legal regulation of the development of agriculture." They can be designated as the consideration and resolution of certain problematic aspects related to the above-mentioned issues and the use of certain experience. Based on the set goals and objectives, the author has chosen a certain methodological basis for the study. The author uses a set of general scientific, special legal methods of cognition. In particular, the methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to generalize some approaches to the proposed topic and partially influenced the author's conclusions. The most important role was played by special legal methods. In particular, the author used a formal legal method, which allowed for the analysis and interpretation of the norms of the current NPA of the Russian Federation, international documents. In particular, the following conclusions are drawn: "... Russia should not abandon the export of its agricultural products, but it should be organized to friendly and neutral countries," etc. Thus, the methodology chosen by the author is fully adequate to the purpose of the article, allows you to study many aspects of the topic. The relevance of the stated issues is beyond doubt. This topic is one of the most important in the world and in Russia, from a legal point of view, the work proposed by the author can be considered relevant, namely, he notes "... active actions are needed to reduce the dependence of EAEU members on imported seeds." And in fact, an analysis of the work of opponents and NPAs should follow here, and it follows and the author shows the ability to master the material. Thus, scientific research in the proposed field is only to be welcomed. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is beyond doubt. It is expressed in the specific scientific conclusions of the author. Among them, for example, is the following: "... the sanctions policy has led to a change in the strategizing of the state agrarian policy, clarification of target indicators, deadlines, and the development of state support measures adequate to the current global economic situation." As can be seen, these and other "theoretical" conclusions can be used in further research. Thus, the materials of the article as presented may be of interest to the scientific community. Style, structure, content. The subject of the article corresponds to the specialization of the journal "Agriculture", as it is devoted to new responses to modern challenges in the legal provision of food security. The article contains an analysis of the opponents' scientific works, so the author notes that a question close to this topic has already been raised and the author uses some of their materials, discusses with opponents. The content of the article corresponds to the title, since the author considered the stated problems and achieved the goal of his research. The quality of the presentation of the study and its results should be recognized as improved. The subject, objectives, methodology, research results, and scientific novelty directly follow from the text of the article. The design of the work meets the requirements for this kind of work. No significant violations of these requirements were found. Bibliography. The quality of the literature presented and used should be highly appreciated. However, the presence of additional modern scientific literature would show even greater validity of the author's conclusions. The works of these authors correspond to the research topic, have a sign of sufficiency, and contribute to the disclosure of many aspects of the topic. Appeal to opponents. The author has analyzed the current state of the problem under study. The author describes the opponents' different points of view on the problem, argues for a more correct position in his opinion, based on the work of individual opponents, and offers solutions to individual problems. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The conclusions are logical, concrete "... the very concept of state agrarian policy is being transformed, as there is a change in the markets for domestic agricultural products, the growing importance of Russia in ensuring global food security in terms of cereals and fertilizers, accelerated development of seed production and technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex." The article in this form may be of interest to the readership in terms of the systematic positions of the author in relation to the issues stated in the article. Based on the above, summing up all the positive and negative sides of the article, I recommend "publishing" taking into account the comments.
Link to this article
You can simply select and copy link from below text field.
|
|
