DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39469

EDN: YVZSAN

Abstract: At the moment, the agricultural sector is a promising direction in the development of modern technologies using artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI). To prevent hunger, the development of the agricultural sector is seen as relevant. Statistics show that the population of the Earth is growing, respectively, the number of products for providing people with the necessary food products is also increasing. To date, there are three areas of application of modern technologies in agriculture: computer vision, machine learning and predictive analytics. Agricultural robots are created in order to ensure the effective use of AI in the agricultural sector. Artificial intelligence is a complex of software methods that carry out activities comparable to the creative activity of a person. With the use of modern technologies, agricultural enterprises have the ability to remotely carry out weeding, spot-spray pesticides using UAVs, monitor the behavior of livestock, detect animals diseases. The process of spraying plants, checking the soil without delivering it to the laboratory, as well as the process of harvesting and sorting crops is automated. Another application of AI in agriculture is the use of surveillance systems based on artificial intelligence for monitoring, which makes it possible to identify illegal actions, such as unauthorized access to the territory of an agricultural enterprise. The use of technology using artificial intelligence in agriculture makes it possible to reduce possible risks by predicting climate change. The use of computer vision is also used to detect diseases of agricultural crops and livestock.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39425

EDN: YGUHTA

Abstract: In the current geopolitical conditions, the Russian agriculture faces risks, the overcoming of which requires new solutions in determining the state policy. The main leitmotif is import substitution. This has been the main task of the state agrarian policy since 2012. The anti-Russian sanctions of 2022 exacerbated the problems of agriculture, the genesis of many of which dates back to the agrarian and land reforms of the 1990s., and to overcome which modern measures of state support are aimed. Among the main problems of the Russian agro-industrial complex is dependence on imported seeds, foreign agricultural machines and spare parts. In addition, logistical ties with countries to which Russia has exported its products over the past few years have been disrupted. An analysis of the modernization of strategic planning documents at the regional level, in particular, in the field of seed production, is presented. The main ways of development of agriculture in the conditions of modern challenges and threats are outlined. Conclusions are drawn about changes in the strategizing of the state agrarian policy, clarification of target indicators, terms, development of state support measures that are adequate to the current global economic situation, transformation of the concept of state agrarian policy, which causes a change in the markets for domestic agricultural products, increasing the importance of the Russian Federation in providing global food supply, security, accelerated development of seed production and technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39406

EDN: ZCLCLO

Abstract: The article discusses the measures of state support for agricultural producers, among which a special place is occupied by subsidies provided in various areas. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the difficulties of a legal nature that farmers, agricultural organizations, agricultural consumer cooperatives face when receiving such support are revealed. Firstly, regional legislation provides for the return of a subsidy not only because of its misuse, but also in case of violation of related obligations that have an indirect impact on the creation and functioning of agricultural producers (violation of the terms of spending, provision of false information when receiving a grant, etc.). It is proposed in the regional regulatory legal acts for non-compliance with the obligations associated with the intended use that arise in connection with the receipt of a subsidy by an agricultural producer, to replace such a measure of responsibility as the return of grant funds for penalties. Secondly, in the event of an unlawful refusal of the regional Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to issue a subsidy. It is proposed to recognize such a subsidy as a loss in the form of lost profits in order to recover it in a civil law order and to make appropriate changes to Art. 78 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. The solution of the identified problems will contribute to the development of sectors and sub-sectors of agriculture, will positively affect the food security of the Russian Federation.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39423

EDN: YFSKTG

Abstract: The article notes that some conditions for granting grants to agricultural producers initially contain significant risks of their non-fulfillment and, as a consequence, the onset of liability in the form of the obligation to return the funds received in full. In other cases, regional regulatory legal acts expand the list of conditions for granting grants in the form of subsidies without proper justification, which creates additional problems in the process of their use by grantees. In order to ensure the most effective legal regulation of relations in connection with the provision of budgetary funds to agricultural producers, the author proposes to qualify agreements on the provision of subsidies (grants) as a civil contract, which will make it possible to apply civil liability measures, general provisions on contracts and obligations, including the grounds for termination of obligations, ways to ensure and fulfill them, as well as the norms of hereditary legislation. Qualification of the agreement on the provision of subsidies (grants) as a civil contract, it would allow for a more relevant legal regulation of relations in connection with the provision of budgetary funds to agricultural producers due to the possibility of changing the agreement in question by concluding additional agreements, applying civil liability measures, general provisions on contracts and obligations, including the grounds for termination of obligations, ways to ensure and fulfill them, and also the norms of hereditary legislation.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.3.39407

EDN: SSCQPA

Abstract: This article is devoted to digitalization in agrarian law as one of the important branches of jurisprudence. Along with other branches of law, agrarian law contributes to the life of the state. In this regard, the purpose of the scientific work, this scientific essay, is to further study the relationship between the designated branch of Russian law and these modern technologies, which are not only the Internet, but also various programs, legal reference systems, and other similar products of human activity. Based on the objectives, the author in this text provides an analysis of the methods of application of these technologies, shows their role in the functioning of local rural administrations as important links in the agricultural sector. Since the agricultural sector is not only directly objects where agricultural products are produced. Among them are fields, gardens, farms, summer cottages, meadows and other objects. These are also the territories where the rural population lives, the authorities that manage these territorial entities. In addition, the relevant relations where digitalization is involved are analyzed. This is, in particular, municipal service in rural authorities. In general, the essay gives an appropriate idea of the mechanism of application of digital technologies in the agrarian law of the branch of Russian law, aims at further analysis of relations in these areas of human activity, which in the future will bring the necessary fruits.