Psychology and Psychotechnics - rubric Limits of intellect

Abstract: Abstract: the author of the article has become particularly interested in “passionarity of personality” while working as a psychoanalyst with children. Inert, apathetic, shy and idle children usually need an integrated approach of both teaching and psychoanalysis. Passionarity means “passion” and “affect”. Passionary people are active and out-going people who make the history. Ideally each person should have equally developed intellectual, emotional and activity passionarity. This article is devoted to only intellectual passionarity because it can help to clarify the problems of children whose mental processes are either slow or retarded. Despondency, depression and disturbances of emotional development are the aspects of activity passionarity. Each of the mentioned spheres needs to be further researched and “equipped” with new techniques and technologies of forming personal passionarity, the latter being the field of the author’s research at the present time.

Keywords: intellect, passionarity, intellectual passionarity, activity passionarity, sverkhnapryazhenie, passionary personality, subpassionarity, psychosexual development, creativity, libido

Abstract: Abstract: Modern researches evidently show that thinking was formed no earlier than the Ancient World culture (in history) and no earlier than a teenager age (in ontogenesis). The prerequisites for thinking are: personal formation and learning of the world, reasoning, logic and interpreting knowledge received as ideal objects. Thinking also involves formation of specific types of the consciousness and understanding.

Keywords: psychology, thinking, realization, genesis, the ancient world, Aristotle, norms, logic, ontology

Abstract: The article analyzes the questions related to the peculiarity of creative thinking. It is explained why people of different cultures can retrieve information by using alternative (including archaic) forms of perception and storing data. These are the forms which make intuition and “insight” possible. The author researched the very different kind of unconscious thinking processes of people with a high creative potential (in particular, their ability to operate the contradictory information). The author described a specific conceptual framework used by the creative people. The framework involves: source database, nature of associations, status of cognitive stereotypes in their thinking, role of verbalized information and etc. The article also covers some specific features of their emotional sphere and how it influences their thinking.

Keywords: psychology, creativity, thinking, freedom, contradiction, associability, information, perception, representation

Abstract: By comparing the two approaches to the study of learning (through the study of habitus and through the study of personal development of blind and deaf children), the author of the article analyzed the structure of the learning process. The author described the four stages of learning when sensual, empiric, factual and theoretic knowledge is being formed. The author also made conclusions about special criteria of the “true knowledge” which are formed at each stage, and further prospects of the research. Key words: psychology, habitus, personality, development, perception, conception, learning, truth, knowledge, structure

Abstract: It seems that the terms ‘evaluation’ must associate with a related term ‘objective evaluation of self-esteem’ at least at the level of science. ‘Objective evaluation of self-esteem’, as it is supposed, would answer the question ‘What is there in actual life?’ However, not all scientists realize these are the two complementary terms. There are a growing number of studies based only on subjective data while very few researchers compare evaluation of intellectual activity with its effectiveness. The author of the article suggested her own approach to the problem. The author’s approach is oriented at establishing the new methods of self-evaluation of mental work using contextual analysis of both objective and subjective results. Self-evaluating way of thinking has a certain impact on cognitive, information capacities of the human and his intellectual behavior.

Keywords: psychology, self-esteem, self-evaluation, comparative approach, cognitive self-evaluation, understanding, reading, self-evaluating mind, parameters of mental work, competition, knowledge

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2022.3.38169

Abstract: The subject of this study is to identify the features of the relationship of intuition with the intelligence of the individual. The object of the study is the intuition and intelligence of the individual. In the article, the authors present the results of an empirical study that proofs the existence of the relationship of intuition with verbal, social, and emotional intelligence of a person. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the provisions on intuition and intelligence of the personality of such authors as: F. Bartlett, Ya.A. Ponomarev, V.D. Biryukov, Ya.A. Ponomarev, N.O. Lossky, B.G. Ananyev, I.Y. Kulagina, etc. The research methods are: 1. Theoretical: analysis of scientific literature, analysis and generalization of empirical data, formulation of conclusions. 2. Empirical: questionnaires, testing: G. Eisenck's verbal intelligence test; Guilford's "Social Intelligence" test; D. Goleman's emotional intelligence definition test; E. Epstein's intuitive style questionnaire 3. Interpretative: quantitative, qualitative and statistical analysis of empirical data. The theoretical significance and scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematization of theoretical provisions on the problem of the study of intuition and personality intelligence; the discovery of the features of the relationship of intuition with various types of personality intelligence; the identification of the influence of various types of intelligence on the manifestation of personality intuition. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results and conclusions of the study can be used by psychologists in professional activities with a wide range of clients. The main conclusions of the scientific research are the discovery of statistically significant correlations of various types of intelligence (verbal, social and emotional) with intuitive abilities and the level of development of personal intuition.

Keywords: insight, personality, relationship, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, verbal intelligence, intelligence, intuition, intuitive cognition, intuitive abilities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.4.27818

Abstract: The article is devoted to the psychosemantic research of interpersonal perception of bilingualism by bilinguals and monolinguals. There are many researches on bilingualism, however, the affect of bilingualism on the semantic structure of interpersonal perception has never been studied. The subject of the research is the structure of subjective perceptions of bilinguals and monolinguals on artificial perception. The object of the research is the subjective perceptions of artificia bilingualism. The aim of the research is to discover modifications of the semantic structure of interpersonal perception of bilinguals depending on the fact of one's knowing or not knowing a foreign language. The research method used by the author is the original partial semantic differential that was created by the author to research and reconstruct the meaning system that is involved into the process of interpersonal perception of bilinguals. The results of reconstructing the semantic space of interpersonal perception of bilinguals in two different groups demonstrate that the size and contents of semantic spaces of bilinguals and monolinguals differ a lot. In the group of monolinguals the semantic space had the following significant features: difficult communication, enthusiasm, eccentricity, and sympathy. In the group of bilinguals the semantic space had three factors: enthusiasm, friendliness, and modesty. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author has used the data multiplexing method to compare two factor structures in two groups. As a result, the researcher has discovered that unlike monolinguals, bilinguals perceive bilinguals are more goal-oriented and open in communication while monolinguals perceive bilinguals as apathetic and reserved.

Keywords: semantic differential, semantic space, monolinguals, foreign language proficiency, bilinguals, interpersonal perception, artificial bilingualism, psychosemantics, factor analysis, pooled data method

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.2.23627

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of empirical verification of the psychological components of artificial bilingualism. The authors offer their own definition of artificial blingualism and describe the main research trends in relation to this phenomenon. The authors also analyze the results of empirical researches and define particularities of subjective perceptions of monolinguals and bilinguals. Based on summarizing data from various sources, the authors define the main psychological components of artificial bilingualism: motive to study another language, secondary linguistic identity, cross-cultural communication and interpersonal perception. The authors analyze how these components change at different stages of the artificial bilingualism formation. To empirically verify psychological components of artificial bilingualism, the authors have used such methods as unstructured interview, focus groups, and rep tests. The results of the empirical research prove the fact that bilinguals actually have a secondary linguistic personality. The authors discovr that the phenomenological description of artificial bilingualism should include the following components: reasons why an individual has to learn another language; personal traits of individuals who speak a foreign language; importance of bilingualism for a particular individual; results of one's ability to speak another language; pluses and minuses of artificual bilingualism; and popularity of different langauges. The psychosemantic analysis of interpersonal perception of people who can speak foreign languages has allowed to define the structure of their views on artificual bilingualism based on four factors: openness to communication, patronage, unusual activity and perfectionism. The authors have discovered that artificial bilingualism allows to differentiate between people who can speak a foreign language in a more contrast way than monolinguals.

Keywords: foreign language learning, semantic space, interpersonal perception, cross-cultural communication, secondary linguistic personality, motivation, artificial bilingualism, unstructured interview, focus group, repertory grid technique

Abstract: The author of the article described his method of dividing the ways of future prediction into intuitive and discursive and suggested his own conception of their complementarity. According to the author, discursive prognostic practices are represented by various forms of conceptual manifestation of the common practice of future prediction, arranged and systematized in a certain order with the help of language. Intuitive prognostic practices often use language and words for expressing ‘intuitive feelings’, too, but their typical features include subjectivity, emotionality and a low degree of understanding the true mechanisms of acquiring such information about future.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, philosophy of science, anticipation, forecast, prophecy, insight, prognosis, prognostic practices, intuition, discourse

Abstract: The article is devoted to the relevancy and sources of spatial-subjectivity interactions between people in their social and physical environment. The author of the article makes an assumption about the role of space and spatial interaction as a context, factor and a result of personality socialization. The author also offers unusual research approaches to the problem, provides the primary research results amd shows the practical importance of the aforesaid topic.

Keywords: psychology, spatial, interaction, space, relations, orientation, social, physical, research, observation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.17550

Abstract: In this article Noss analyzes the three components of the cognitive process: logics, semantics and affect. According to the author, the correlation of these elements of reasoning is the key to successful and adequate acquisition and digestion of knowledge. The logical and emotional components are interrelated and there is a complex oppositely directed nonlinear dependence between them which reflects individual features, peculiarities and contents of the stimulus and circumstances of the thinking process. The researcher provides empirical data obtained in different experimental groups and describing patterns of the five stages of human cogitation, peculiarities of the cognitive process and the mutual influence of the operational-logical and emotional-notional components. The methodology of the research is based on the comparison of different aspects of cognitive activity. The researcher uses psychosemantic analysis of cognitive activity and semantic differential as the main means of psychological research. The main conclusion made by the researcher is that the emotional-notional component of cognitive activity appears and develops as part of personal relations between cogitation actors. Having defined the features and genus species features of an object, relations and connections between notions, the conceptual status of an object is described. The emotional aspect of an object of cognition influences the cognitive process, too, as it creates a relevant motivational background which decreases the influence of the operational-logical component when the object has been prescribed a particular place in the system of relations with other objects, thus decreasing the emotional component of cognition as well.

Keywords: determination of an object's features, discovery of an object, notions-stimuli, semantic differential, semantic analysis of activity, emotional component of reasoning, notional component of reasoning, operational logical reasoning, genus-species features of an object, determination of an object's relations

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.1.67640

Keywords: discovery of an object, notions-stimuli, semantic differential, semantic analysis of activity, emotional component of reasoning, notional component of reasoning, operational logical reasoning, genus-species features of an object

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of effective administration of Russian firms and organizations. The author speaks about defining and influencing the most sensitive mechanisms of industrial engineering and labor relations ensuring high efficiency of human and organization activities on the whole as well as drastic raise of productivity. The study provides the primary psychological analysis and interpretation of the implemented system ‘Artificial administrative intellect’ functioning on the basis of the laws of group dynamics and phenomena of group movement.

Keywords: psychology, effective administration, group thinking, collective consciousness, rational labor relations, transformation, artificial administrative intellect.

Abstract: The problem of definition of a priori knowledge is very similar to what is often said about intuition. Intuition is viewed as an initial method of gaining information about the world before actual experience. In this particular article a priori knowledge is viewed from the point of view of evolution, not as non-static and pre-defined invariants but as forming and changing phenomena. The purpose of the article is to discover a co-relation between the concept of a priori knowledge and intuition.

Keywords: psychology, intuition, a priori, evolution, information, archive, knowledge, dopamine, instinct, intellect.

Abstract: The author of the article describes dynamics of demonstration of the author’s position of teenagers in the process of getting to know telecommunications. It allows to describe the trends of its development from lower to higher levels at Yugra Studio of Journalism and a Journalists’ Club at College of Arts for Gifted Children in the North in Khanty- Mansiysk. Dynamics of demonstration of the author’s position of teenagers are studied in the process of an educational experiment which was planned taking into account the psychological environment allowing teenagers to understand the meaning and values of telejournalism as well as the variety of its realization. The author describes the psychological environment which helps a teenager to form his author’s position in the process of setting and reaching difficult goals in the sphere of telejournalism.

Keywords: psychology, telecommunications, position, teenagers, journalism, criteria, experiment, tendencies, level, formation.

Abstract: The article analyzes typical problems of Internet addiction in China. The author cites data about the popularity of this phenomenon and describes the position of the Chinese government regarding this matter. The author also shows the links between Internet addiction and the system of education, dominating tendency towards collectivism and family relations typical for China. The author also describes the development of methods and criteria for defining Internet addiction as well as therapy of Internet addiction. It is underlined that the Internet addiction is mostly based on the conflict between Chinese tradition of collectivism and Western individualism. Conflict is viewed as a part of the ongoing process of modernization that is characterized by fast changes in psyche and behavior of Chinese people. In many ways close socio-cultural factors influence the formation of Internet addiction in South Korea and Taiwan. Therefore, Internet issues are quite common for a number of East Asian countries.

Keywords: psychology, Internet addiction, China, information technologies, Internet, modernization, therapy, family relations, collectivism, CIAS scale.

Abstract: The article is devoted to simple cognitive tasks with growing complexity as a special type of cognitive tasks for speed. As an example, the author analyzes the task of quantity recognition; it is demonstrated that in this task the response time increases when the number of represented stimulus rises. The author describes a possible scheme of analyzing the response time which would allow to take into account personal differences in the patterns of increasing recognition time when the number of represented stimulus is risen. The obtained personal parameters are analyzed from the point of view of their relation with the parameters of speed and intellect.

Keywords: psychology, intellect, personal differences, experiment, information processing time, response time, geometric average time, standard deviation of times, simple cognitive tasks.

Abstract: The article is devoted to various approaches to studying team work. The author establishes and tries the Trajectory Method — kind of F. Gorbov’s Homeostat type — by the means of a special ‘tool for teamwork assessment’ which allows to expand capabilities of teamwork researches and generate criteria of efficiency evaluation. The author studies the connection between success of teamwork and regulatory experience. It is proved that successful performance of teamwork at school, in many cases, is defined by the experience of usual activation of decision subjects. Operational component of regulatory experience uniting concrete tools of reformation of situation and participants of teamwork is gaining more importance. In the process of teamwork certain peculiarities of self-regulation system are completed with cooperation experience which makes an impact on the nature of relations between participants and chosen strategy of interaction.

Keywords: psychology, team work, self-regulation, personal regulatory experience, cooperation, activity, personality, regulation, interaction, cooperation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2023.3.43891

Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at identifying psychophysiological predictors of learning success among students of grades 1-11 of secondary schools. The study involved 611 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years. The results of sensorimotor tests of varying complexity were analyzed, assessing the reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli. The results of the parents' questionnaire were also taken into account. It is shown that only complex sensorimotor tests, during which the child must respond to targeted combinations of visual stimuli, ignoring all other stimuli, have predictive significance that allows predicting the success of a child in learning. Previously, the same results were obtained by us for elementary school students. The present study allowed us to establish that complex sensorimotor tests predict success in learning throughout the entire period of schooling from grades 1 to 11. Children who showed high results in complex sensorimotor tests significantly study better, and their parents believe that school grades correspond to the abilities of children. It was also found that girls study better, and the use of gadgets for more than one hour a day has a negative impact on the success of children in learning.

Keywords: sensorimotor reactions, executive functions, cognitive abilities, sensorimotor integration, learning success, children, reaction time, sensorimotor tests, visual-motor reaction, abilities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.3.19253

Abstract: The object of the research is some rigidity of human thinking as a result of particular circumstances, cultural environment and epoch. Special attention is paid to the way we see this world, what we observe there and how we explain observed phenomena to ourselves and other people. The author of the article successively analyze all the factors that influence our world view and can't be ignored by anyone including a researcher. As the main research methods, the author apply medical principles of diagnostics of interrelated symtpoms and syndromic analysis. The main conclusion of the research is that there is a certain dependence between our way of thinking and particular circumstances we live in. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author has used the methods and techniques that are not typical for making such conclusions. The author also assumes that we tend to solve our tasks by using methods that are convenient yet nto always beneficial.

Keywords: explanation, understanding, culture, circumstance, epoch, solution, thinking, syndrom, mind, world view

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.3.67866

Keywords: explanation, understanding, culture, circumstance, epoch, solution, thinking, syndrom, mind, world view

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.20156

Abstract: The paper studies the relation of indicators of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction demonstrated by men and women. The subject of the research is the relationship between emotional intelligence and the level of satisfaction with marriage for men and women. The object of the research is the emotional intelligence and satisfaction with marriage. The study is based on the definition of emotional intelligence offered by D.V. Lyusin that comes from the fact that the ability to understand emotions and to manage them is closely related to the general commitment of a person to the emotional sphere, i.e., with his interest for the inner world of people (including himself). To achieve this goal the authors conducted the research that involved a range of not only empirical but also mathematical and statistical methods. Psychological testing was carried out using the following methods: 1. The Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EnIn) created by D. Lyusin (2009); 2. The Marital Satisfactino Inventory by E.Y. Alyoshina, L.Y. Gozman and E.M. Dubovskaya (1987); 3. The Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire by V.V. Stolin, T.A. Romanova and G.P Butenko (1984). Analysis of the data was carried out using the following mathematical and statistical methods: 1. The methods of descriptive statistics; 2. Comparative analysis based on the Mann-Whitney U test; 3. Spearman's correlation analysis; 4. Two-factor analysis of variance; and 5. Factor analysis. The novelty of this study is defined by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors have studied the emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction together. As a result of the study the following conclusions were made: 1) The level of emotional intelligence revealed significant differences between men and women. Thus, we can talk about gender predisposition to the formation and development of specific components of emotional intelligence. 2) there were no significant differences found between the levels of satisfaction with marriage demonstrated by men and women which may be due to the relative homogeneity of surveyed couples (same experience of married life, the lack of currently significant periods of crisis in the development of the family, etc.). 3) Women's average level of development of emotional intelligence has a positive effect on their satisfaction with marriage which is confirmed by the correlation and analysis of variance. The men demonstrated an inverse pattern - their satisfaction in marriage corresponds to the low level of emotional intelligence which is confirmed only by the data analysis of variance. 4)Men and women have a different structure of indicators of emotional intelligence and satisfaction with marriage.

Keywords: emotional competence, woman, man, marriage, management of emotions, understanding emotions, satisfaction with marriage, emotional intelligence, emotion, relation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.5.68094

Keywords: emotional competence, woman, man, marriage, management of emotions, understanding emotions, satisfaction with marriage, emotional intelligence, emotion, relation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.7.20613

Abstract: The given research article is devoted to the problems of adults learning foreign languages. This makes the object of the research. The subject of the research is psychological and educational abilities of adults, specific features of speaking another language and the influence of these factors on successful education. The article focuses on the relation between issues of andragogy, developmental psychology and language education which allows to develop an integral view of the problem which is insufficiently studied in academic literature and practically unmentioned in teaching and learning literature. As a result, there is a stereotype in teaching practice that adults can be taught foreign langauges the same way as students are. This increases teaching efficiency because compared to students adults have both advantages and disadvantages in learning a foreign language and it is impossible to use these advantanges or to eliminate disadvantanges without understanding interrelated psychological and methodological aspects of teaching a foreign langauge, the process the involves the formation of not only knowledge and skills but also speech abilities. The research methodology implies determination of psychological and educational peculiarities of adults of different ages compared to students and implementation of these peculiarities in language education in order to improve teaching foreign languages to adults. The author concludes that even though maturity and adulthood are traditionally considered to be a positive factor in education, it is not so simple in case of teaching foreign languages. The author provides particular examples and describes particular mechanisms that make teaching more difficult as well as shares how to overcome the aforesaid contradictions. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that adult learning is viewed in psychological and methodological terms but not social and economic terms and the author provides particular recommendations for teachers in the third part of his article. Despite the fact that the format of the article does not allow to carry out in-depth interdisciplinary analysis, described ideas outline ways to improve the process of teaching foreign languages to adults and to use these materials in further research.

Keywords: learning experience, age peculiarities, authentic materials, interactivity, learning a language, adult learner, learner's subjectivity, andragogy, further education, verbal memory

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.7.68314

Keywords: learning experience, age peculiarities, authentic materials, interactivity, learning a language, adult learner, andragogy, further education, verbal memory

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.7.15422

Abstract: This article views mind as a burden. It’s supposed that just like every other physiological process reasoning demands a huge quantity of energy which our organism tries to avoid. Due to the high level of predictability of the social environment and particular features thereof as well as the dramatic progress of humankind over the last few centuries, today an ordinary person doesn’t need to use his or her brain power at full capacity. In his research Borzykh has used general methods of scientific research including analysis and comparison. The researcher has also used recent findings in biology. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that Borzykh offers a new approah to studying human mind from the point of view of its cost for the organism rather than the benefit from possessing it. The main conclusion is that just like other animals people constitute a compromise and have the energy balance when these or those systems consume different quantity of available energy. The process of reasoning created as a result of human body functioning is a compromise, too, and it is rather a burden for human body from the point of view of survival especially within the scope of contemporary culture and high technologies. As a consequence, people try not to use their mind deliberately or undeliberately.

Keywords: human, brain, resoning, energy, technology, balance, compromise, evolution, modern age, expense

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.7.66855

Keywords: human, brain, resoning, energy, technology, balance, compromise, evolution, modern age, expense

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.7.11912

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.7.65237

Abstract: The author of the article discusses advancement of students inside the procedural field of understanding within the boundaries of the three spheres of human existence and traditions of human subject research including cognitive, hermeneutic and existential traditions. The author describes such phenomena as understanding as knowledge, understanding as interpretation and understanding as an insight in the process of teaching students. Based on the analysis of interdisciplinary research the author of the article describes a text to be interpreted as the main unit of humanitarian educational activities that has significant potentials to develop students’ understanding during the process of their studying at university. The author focuses on theoretical peculiarities and special features of students’ working on a text for the purpose of advancement inside the procedural field of understanding. The author develops a theoretical model of the dynamics of students’ advancement inside the procedural field of understanding and defines empiric criteria of this process. The author shows that science has accumulated much potential for developing theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the problem in the process of creation and development of understanding in teaching. The results of the analysis of current sources of scientific information and new approaches offered by the author have allowed to prove the high importance of developing understanding in teaching and the need for practical implementation of conceptual approaches to teaching offered by famous Russian psychologies.

Keywords: traditions of human subject research, cognitive sphere of existence, hermeneutic sphere of existence, existential sphere of existence, textual nature of knowledge, understanding as knowledge, understanding as an interpretation, understanding as an insight, understanding as problematization, procedural field of understanding.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.9.16515

Abstract: The subject of the research is the relationship between emotional intelligence and the level of satisfaction with marriage for men and women. The object of the research is the emotional intelligence and satisfaction with marriage. Particular attention is paid to the study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and the level of satisfaction with marriage for men and women. The study is based on the definition of emotional intelligence offered by D.V. Lyusin that comes from the fact that the ability to understand emotions and to manage them is closely related to the general commitment of a person to the emotional sphere, i.e., with his interest for the inner world of people (including himself). In their turn, the authors like V.V. Stolin, T.A. Romanova and G.P. Butenko proceeded from the idea of satisfaction with marriage as a quite persistent emotional phenomenon, i.e. the feeling that can manifest itself in direct emotions that arise in various situations as well as through opinions, evaluations, and comparisons made by a person. The following methods have been used by the authors in their study: empirical methods, in particular, The Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EnIn) created by D. Lyusin (2009); The Marital Satisfactino Inventory by E.Y. Alyoshina, L.Y. Gozman and E.M. Dubovskaya (1987); The Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire by V.V. Stolin, T.A. Romanova and G.P. Butenko (1984); mathematical and statistical methods including the methods of descriptive statistics; comparative analysis based on the Mann-Whitney U test; Spearman's correlation analysis; two-factor analysis of variance; and factor analysis. The novelty of this study is defined by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the authors have studied the emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction together. The analysis of the indicators of emotional intelligence and their relation to the level of marital satisfaction in groups of men and women has allowed the authors to make the following conclusions: 1. Groups of men and women demonstrate different levels of emotional intelligence. 2. Both women and men involved in the research express rather high levels of marital satisfaction. 3. The comparative analysis of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction has showed compared to women men exhibit higher levels of management and control of their emotional expression. On the other hand, women have better understanding of emotions than men. No significant differences have been recorded with regard to marital satisfaction indicators in groups of men and women. 4. According to the correlation analysis, men who have different levels of emotional sensitivity, do not show different levels of marital satisfaction. At the same time according to the analysis of variance, a high level of emotional intelligence is the factor that reducies men's level of marital satisfaction. 5. According to the correlation analysis, women's satisfaction with marriage is associated with a high level of emotional intelligence. Data analysis of variance allows to clarify that it is the high marital satisfaction that contributes to the development of emotional intelligence of women. 6. The results of the factor analysis of indicators of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction allow to make a conclude that men and women demonstrate different relations between these indicators.

Keywords: management of emotions, understanding emotions, emotion, interralation, marriage, satisfaction with marriage, woman, man, emotional intellect, control of expression

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.9.67109

Keywords: management of emotions, understanding emotions, emotion, relation, marriage, satisfaction with marriage, woman, man, emotional intellect, expression control

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.11.16968

Abstract: In his article Yashin discusses the phenomenon of cognitive rigidity, particularly, biological, social and other causes of its origin and development. The researcher provides a reivew of available studies as well as performs the analysis of the concept of "cognitive rigidity" and associated terms. The author offers a hypothesis that this phenomenon is present in many mental illnesses and provides several facts proving disadaptive influence of the phenomenon on human behavior and his success in professional and any other sphere. The author has also emphasized the need for creating special intervention programs for teenagers, high school students and adults. Yashin has carried out the theoretical analysis of such phenomena as overall mental and cognitive rigidity. He also analyzes methodological literature and scientific researches of Russian and foreign authors and proposes that environmental factors may influence the development of cognitive ridigity which, at a later stage, complicates and reduces adaptation of human in a fast-paced world. The author suggests to develop the program of cognitive ridigity intervention for teenagers and high school students in order to boost their learning motivation and academic success.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.11.67213