DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22191

Abstract: The conversation between the frontman of Radio Mayak Evgeny Stakhovsky and the editor-in-chief Pavel Gurevich is devoted to the circumstances that led to the creation of Jung's analytical psychology. After their split with Freud which Jung took close to heart, Jung started to wonder why people pay so much attention to their everyday fuss and ignore their internal well-being and spiritual harmony. It is quite interesting that Jung denied Freud's theory of sexuality. Having wondered about the structure of human psyche, Jung introduced the concept of so-called 'collective unconscious'. Later he got that idea of psychological types and presented it in a form of a theory. The main method used in the conversation is historicism which allows to trabe back the stages of the development of analytical psychology and Jungian classification of personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that interlocutors tried to demonstrate a significant contribution made by Jung to the development of psychoanalysis in general. Jung also described a 'gallery' of personalities with different adjusting mechanisms. Attribution of someone to this or that type of personality determines psychological traits, behavior patterns and even style of cognition. 

Keywords: extravert, introvert, attitudes, intuition, sense, feeling, cognition, collective unconscious, archetype, psychoanalysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68612

Abstract: The conversation between the frontman of Radio Mayak Evgeny Stakhovsky and the editor-in-chief Pavel Gurevich is devoted to the circumstances that led to the creation of Jung's analytical psychology. After their split with Freud which Jung took close to heart, Jung started to wonder why people pay so much attention to their everyday fuss and ignore their internal well-being and spiritual harmony. It is quite interesting that Jung denied Freud's theory of sexuality. Having wondered about the structure of human psyche, Jung introduced the concept of so-called 'collective unconscious'. Later he got that idea of psychological types and presented it in a form of a theory. The main method used in the conversation is historicism which allows to trabe back the stages of the development of analytical psychology and Jungian classification of personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that interlocutors tried to demonstrate a significant contribution made by Jung to the development of psychoanalysis in general. Jung also described a 'gallery' of personalities with different adjusting mechanisms. Attribution of someone to this or that type of personality determines psychological traits, behavior patterns and even style of cognition. 

Keywords: extravert, introvert, attitudes, intuition, sense, feeling, cognition, collective unconscious, archetype, psychoanalysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.21791

Abstract: The authors of the article have studied the basic socio-psychological needs (including the need for control and affect) and their correlation in family relations (parameters of compatibility needs); parameters of psychological well-being (the ability to establish positive relations with others, the degree of autonomy, the degree of competence in managing the surroundings, personal growth, the availability of goals in life, the level of self-acceptance, the overall emotional evaluation of oneself and his or her own life, meaningfulness of life, the ability to perceive and integrate new experiences) and viability (the degree of involvement, level of control, risk acceptance) by partners who are married or cohabitate. 70 people participated in the research including 35 families (24 officially married families and 11 cohabitated families) who have been living together for 1 year at least and 30 years at most. Participants aged from 21 years old to 59 years old. The following empiric research methods have been used: 1. "Methods of diagnosing psychological well-being of the personality" (T. D. Shevelenkova, P. P. Fesenko) [24]; 2. "Test of viability" (D. A. Leontiev, D. I. Rasskazova) [11]; 3. The questionnaire «Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation» (V. Schutz, adapted by A. A. Rukavishnikov) [3]. As a method of data analysis the authors have used the method of comparison of two independent samples based on the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the research have shown that the basic socio-psychological needs do not influence on the preference for a certain type of marriage: cohabitation or official. The factors of legitimizing a partnership union include compatibility of socio-psychological needs of the partners based on the principle of complementarity and their degree of openness to the world. The most important sphere to legitimize of relationships of partners is the sphere of control. The study extends the existing social psychology notions about socio-psychological factors of legitimizing partnership relations and the role of personality's need for control, establishing and developing relations with other people.

Keywords: cohabitation, official marriage, marriage, close emotional relationship, need for control, socio-psychological need, need, family, partner compatibility, legitimizing relations

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68613

Abstract: The authors of the article have studied the basic socio-psychological needs (including the need for control and affect) and their correlation in family relations (parameters of compatibility needs); parameters of psychological well-being (the ability to establish positive relations with others, the degree of autonomy, the degree of competence in managing the surroundings, personal growth, the availability of goals in life, the level of self-acceptance, the overall emotional evaluation of oneself and his or her own life, meaningfulness of life, the ability to perceive and integrate new experiences) and viability (the degree of involvement, level of control, risk acceptance) by partners who are married or cohabitate. 70 people participated in the research including 35 families (24 officially married families and 11 cohabitated families) who have been living together for 1 year at least and 30 years at most. Participants aged from 21 years old to 59 years old. The following empiric research methods have been used: 1. "Methods of diagnosing psychological well-being of the personality" (T. D. Shevelenkova, P. P. Fesenko) [24]; 2. "Test of viability" (D. A. Leontiev, D. I. Rasskazova) [11]; 3. The questionnaire «Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation» (V. Schutz, adapted by A. A. Rukavishnikov) [3]. As a method of data analysis the authors have used the method of comparison of two independent samples based on the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the research have shown that the basic socio-psychological needs do not influence on the preference for a certain type of marriage: cohabitation or official. The factors of legitimizing a partnership union include compatibility of socio-psychological needs of the partners based on the principle of complementarity and their degree of openness to the world. The most important sphere to legitimize of relationships of partners is the sphere of control. The study extends the existing social psychology notions about socio-psychological factors of legitimizing partnership relations and the role of personality's need for control, establishing and developing relations with other people.

Keywords: cohabitation, official marriage, marriage, close emotional relationship, need for control, socio-psychological need, need, family, partner compatibility, legitimizing relations

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22070

Abstract: The subject of the research is to validate the content of self-determination under the conditions of intense eventivity. In her article Martianova analyzes the concept of a 'subject in a tense situation' in terms of the anthropological approach. The author offers her definition of situation as a structural unit of eventivity that makes someone to be a subject of his or her own activity. The author proves the importance of conscious self-regulation style parameters for the process of adaptation to situational factors including planning, modelling, programming, monitoring and evaluation of results. By conducing the empirical research, the author has proved the idea of constructing an optimal self-regulation zone of situational activity when adjusting to tense events. The author proves the anthropological concept 'eventivity' in terms of the subjective activity approach that form the basis for explaining the nature of a subject's situational response. The author also interprets the term 'self-determination' through analyzing the content of regulatory activity which allows to define self-determination zones with reference to the optimal and non-optimal styles of conscious self-regulation. The author analyzes experimental data of subject's regulatory activity under different tense situations and demonstrates the relationship between parameters of self-regulation styles and adaptability to situations. 

Keywords: optimal self-regulation, regulatory style, conscious self-regulation, tense situation, eventivity, self-determination, subject of a situation, adaptation, self-determination zone, subject activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68614

Abstract: The subject of the research is to validate the content of self-determination under the conditions of intense eventivity. In her article Martianova analyzes the concept of a 'subject in a tense situation' in terms of the anthropological approach. The author offers her definition of situation as a structural unit of eventivity that makes someone to be a subject of his or her own activity. The author proves the importance of conscious self-regulation style parameters for the process of adaptation to situational factors including planning, modelling, programming, monitoring and evaluation of results. By conducing the empirical research, the author has proved the idea of constructing an optimal self-regulation zone of situational activity when adjusting to tense events. The author proves the anthropological concept 'eventivity' in terms of the subjective activity approach that form the basis for explaining the nature of a subject's situational response. The author also interprets the term 'self-determination' through analyzing the content of regulatory activity which allows to define self-determination zones with reference to the optimal and non-optimal styles of conscious self-regulation. The author analyzes experimental data of subject's regulatory activity under different tense situations and demonstrates the relationship between parameters of self-regulation styles and adaptability to situations. 

Keywords: optimal self-regulation, regulatory style, conscious self-regulation, tense situation, eventivity, self-determination, subject of a situation, adaptation, self-determination zone, subject activity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22040

Abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of personality profiles and communicative traits (communicative tolerance, personality orientation, treating others as a value) of investigators at the earliest stage of their vocational development. Male investigators of the Russian Investigative Committee participated in the research. There was a group of investigators who had worked for less than one year, a group of investigators who had been working from one year to three years, and a group of investigators who had been working over three years. The research objectives included to define differences in personality traits for each group of respondents. The researchers have used such methods as Berezin's version of MMPI, Boyko's Communicative Tolerance Test, Personality Orientation in Communication (NLO-A test), and Kashinova's Treating Others as a Value Test. To define statistically significant differences, the authors have used the Mann–Whitney U test. As a result, the authors have defined peculiarities of each group and carried out a comparative analysis using statistical criteria. Groups where respondents have different job experience demonstrate different indicators of communicative tolerance, manipulative and ignoring personality orientations. The authors make conclusions about similar personality traits demonstrated by those who had worked for less than one year and those who had been working over three years, in particular, they demonstrated similar indicators of authoritarian, altruistic, and compulsive orientations and treating others as a value. 

Keywords: communicative tolerance, Mann–Whitney U test, forensic psycology, vocational development, acmeology, communicative traits, personality traits, investigators, personality traits inventory, developmental psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68615

Abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of personality profiles and communicative traits (communicative tolerance, personality orientation, treating others as a value) of investigators at the earliest stage of their vocational development. Male investigators of the Russian Investigative Committee participated in the research. There was a group of investigators who had worked for less than one year, a group of investigators who had been working from one year to three years, and a group of investigators who had been working over three years. The research objectives included to define differences in personality traits for each group of respondents. The researchers have used such methods as Berezin's version of MMPI, Boyko's Communicative Tolerance Test, Personality Orientation in Communication (NLO-A test), and Kashinova's Treating Others as a Value Test. To define statistically significant differences, the authors have used the Mann–Whitney U test. As a result, the authors have defined peculiarities of each group and carried out a comparative analysis using statistical criteria. Groups where respondents have different job experience demonstrate different indicators of communicative tolerance, manipulative and ignoring personality orientations. The authors make conclusions about similar personality traits demonstrated by those who had worked for less than one year and those who had been working over three years, in particular, they demonstrated similar indicators of authoritarian, altruistic, and compulsive orientations and treating others as a value. 

Keywords: communicative tolerance, Mann–Whitney U test, forensic psycology, vocational development, acmeology, communicative traits, personality traits, investigators, personality traits inventory, developmental psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.21901

Abstract: Recent researches have demonstrated that professional activity favours personal self-fulfilment and gives the sense of one's independence and self-esteem. Hoewver, professional activity also reduces the time that a woman has left for her family fulfilment which may lead to a so-called 'gender overload', tension and intrapersonal conflict. In this article Kulagina raises a question about an intrapersonal role conflict experienced by employed women. The author describes types and reasons of intrapersonal conflicts that may be experienced by women and provides the results of the empirical research that demonstrate the influence of the intrapersonal role conflict experienced by employed women on their work motivation and satisfaction with different sides of professional activity. Employed women of different ages participated in the research. The total number of participants was 160 people. The theoretical basis of the research includes concepts of gender practices. In order to achieve the research objective, the author has used the following research methods: Employed Women's Role Conflict Inventory (by E. Korneeva), 'Professional Activity Motivation Questionnaire (by K. Zemfir adapted by A. Rean), Integral Satisfaction with Work (by N. Fetiskina, V. Kozlov, and G. Manuylov). The author has also used Student's t-test to carry out mathematical-statistical processing of data. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the author has discovered that young married women with children have the moderate intensity level of the intrapersonal conflict. They experience a harder conflict compared to mature married women with children who have demonstrated a low intensity level of the gender conflict. 

Keywords: existential gender conflict, work motivation, professional roles, family roles, role expectations, role conflict, personal disadaptation, fear-of-success conflict, gender stereotypes, intrapersonal conflict

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68616

Abstract: Recent researches have demonstrated that professional activity favours personal self-fulfilment and gives the sense of one's independence and self-esteem. Hoewver, professional activity also reduces the time that a woman has left for her family fulfilment which may lead to a so-called 'gender overload', tension and intrapersonal conflict. In this article Kulagina raises a question about an intrapersonal role conflict experienced by employed women. The author describes types and reasons of intrapersonal conflicts that may be experienced by women and provides the results of the empirical research that demonstrate the influence of the intrapersonal role conflict experienced by employed women on their work motivation and satisfaction with different sides of professional activity. Employed women of different ages participated in the research. The total number of participants was 160 people. The theoretical basis of the research includes concepts of gender practices. In order to achieve the research objective, the author has used the following research methods: Employed Women's Role Conflict Inventory (by E. Korneeva), 'Professional Activity Motivation Questionnaire (by K. Zemfir adapted by A. Rean), Integral Satisfaction with Work (by N. Fetiskina, V. Kozlov, and G. Manuylov). The author has also used Student's t-test to carry out mathematical-statistical processing of data. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the author has discovered that young married women with children have the moderate intensity level of the intrapersonal conflict. They experience a harder conflict compared to mature married women with children who have demonstrated a low intensity level of the gender conflict. 

Keywords: existential gender conflict, work motivation, professional roles, family roles, role expectations, role conflict, personal disadaptation, fear-of-success conflict, gender stereotypes, intrapersonal conflict

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.21800

Abstract: The age of social network users is constantly extending. Researchers often view the role of social networks as a negative Internet phenomenon. However, the impact of social networks is not so definitely negative. In this regard, the authors of the present article have decided to analyze the topic of school students using social networks both in the theoretical and practical sense. Meanwhile interpersonal relations of children are often well understood and managed by their parents, virtual communication is not so easy to be managed. For this purpose, the authors have decided to analyze evaluations of social networks provided by children and their parents. The purpose of the research is to analyze and compare roles of social networks in the life of high school students from the view of school students themselves as well as their parents. The research objectives also include to define the frequency and purposes of high school students using social networks, to determine the most popular social networks, etc. The subject of the research is the evaluation of the role of social networks in the life of high school students given by students and their parents. To achieve the research objectives, the author has used the comparative research method to analyze groups of high school students and their parents, 47 people per each, as well as such psychodiagnostic methods as questionnaries and interviews. In her article Dolgopolova presents the results of comparing evaluations provided by school students and their parents regarding the role of social networks in their life including the number of registered accounts, reasons of why school students use social networks, advantages and disadvantages of social networks. The results of the research demonstrate that both children and their parents have a similar understanding of what minuses and pluses of social networks are. However, parents and their children have a different evaluation of how frequent they use social networks as well as the number of social networks. Noteworthy that parents tend to exaggerate the fact that their children may use social networks for academic reasons why children use social networks mostly for communication. The results of the research can be used in further researches of developing social technologies and social communication of children in social networks. The results can be also used in the practical sense, particularly, for psychological and pedagogical training of teachers, parents and during psychological sessions. 

Keywords: Internet, dependent user, choice of network, account, multitasking, addiction, virtual communication, social network, independent user, uninterested user

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68617

Abstract: The age of social network users is constantly extending. Researchers often view the role of social networks as a negative Internet phenomenon. However, the impact of social networks is not so definitely negative. In this regard, the authors of the present article have decided to analyze the topic of school students using social networks both in the theoretical and practical sense. Meanwhile interpersonal relations of children are often well understood and managed by their parents, virtual communication is not so easy to be managed. For this purpose, the authors have decided to analyze evaluations of social networks provided by children and their parents. The purpose of the research is to analyze and compare roles of social networks in the life of high school students from the view of school students themselves as well as their parents. The research objectives also include to define the frequency and purposes of high school students using social networks, to determine the most popular social networks, etc. The subject of the research is the evaluation of the role of social networks in the life of high school students given by students and their parents. To achieve the research objectives, the author has used the comparative research method to analyze groups of high school students and their parents, 47 people per each, as well as such psychodiagnostic methods as questionnaries and interviews. In her article Dolgopolova presents the results of comparing evaluations provided by school students and their parents regarding the role of social networks in their life including the number of registered accounts, reasons of why school students use social networks, advantages and disadvantages of social networks. The results of the research demonstrate that both children and their parents have a similar understanding of what minuses and pluses of social networks are. However, parents and their children have a different evaluation of how frequent they use social networks as well as the number of social networks. Noteworthy that parents tend to exaggerate the fact that their children may use social networks for academic reasons why children use social networks mostly for communication. The results of the research can be used in further researches of developing social technologies and social communication of children in social networks. The results can be also used in the practical sense, particularly, for psychological and pedagogical training of teachers, parents and during psychological sessions. 

Keywords: Internet, dependent user, choice of network, account, multitasking, addiction, virtual communication, social network, independent user, uninterested user

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22158

Abstract: The authors of the article present a summary of Russian research in psychoanalysis in the beginning of the XX century (based on the example of the children's home-laboratory "international Solidarity" (1921-1925)). According to the authors, Russian experience of psychoanalytic research of children should be considered as the result of the collective interaction of all participants of the experiment. I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Schmidt, S. N. Spielrein and M. V. Woolf were the most outstanding representatives of child psychoanalysis in Russia in the early twentieth century. They were the first to turn to the investigation of the child internal mental world from a position of deep understanding of internal processes that appear and proceed in a child at an early age. The authors of the present article have also considered the development of the child's activity under the genetic key and stages and process of evolution and involution of children's creativity in depending on the age characteristics of the child. Identified and explained the cultural meaning of children's games, studied its psychic mechanisms. They have developed a psychoanalytic theory of children's games under perspective of its cultural meaning in a child's life. The authors have also presented a psychological study of the child symbolic activity and the concept of sign in the psyche of the child; explored the intimate lives of children and the mental mechanisms of its occurrence. They have identified the stages of speech and thinking development of the child in terms of psychoanalysis, autism and social role of the speech in children; and made recommendations for teachers regarding the creation of a special environment which should support to the socialization of the child. The research methods used by the authors are based on the integration of a number of research means used in modern psychological science and history of psychology. The following methods have been mostly used in the research: 1) methods of analyzing scientific sources; 2) historical analysis; 3) bibliographical analysis; 4) historical and psychological research; 5) summary of results. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors summarize and clarify views on the development of child psychoanalysis in Russia (based on the example of particular research results and ideas of the first Russian psychoanalysts) as theoretical and practical aspects of psychological assistance of a child. The majority of researches that contain a number of fundamental psychoanalytical texts that reveal the research activity of the first Russian psychoanalysts such as I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Shmidt, S. N. Shpilrein, M. V. Vulf an dothers are still unpublished. There is a quite deep layer of our heritage that is still to be studied and systematized in order to fill in the gaps in the Russian history of psychoanalysis as well as teaching. 

Keywords: the unconscious, instincts, socialization, sublimation, sexuality, child psychoanalysis, fantasy, children's whims, creativity, speech and thinking

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68618

Abstract: The authors of the article present a summary of Russian research in psychoanalysis in the beginning of the XX century (based on the example of the children's home-laboratory "international Solidarity" (1921-1925)). According to the authors, Russian experience of psychoanalytic research of children should be considered as the result of the collective interaction of all participants of the experiment. I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Schmidt, S. N. Spielrein and M. V. Woolf were the most outstanding representatives of child psychoanalysis in Russia in the early twentieth century. They were the first to turn to the investigation of the child internal mental world from a position of deep understanding of internal processes that appear and proceed in a child at an early age. The authors of the present article have also considered the development of the child's activity under the genetic key and stages and process of evolution and involution of children's creativity in depending on the age characteristics of the child. Identified and explained the cultural meaning of children's games, studied its psychic mechanisms. They have developed a psychoanalytic theory of children's games under perspective of its cultural meaning in a child's life. The authors have also presented a psychological study of the child symbolic activity and the concept of sign in the psyche of the child; explored the intimate lives of children and the mental mechanisms of its occurrence. They have identified the stages of speech and thinking development of the child in terms of psychoanalysis, autism and social role of the speech in children; and made recommendations for teachers regarding the creation of a special environment which should support to the socialization of the child. The research methods used by the authors are based on the integration of a number of research means used in modern psychological science and history of psychology. The following methods have been mostly used in the research: 1) methods of analyzing scientific sources; 2) historical analysis; 3) bibliographical analysis; 4) historical and psychological research; 5) summary of results. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors summarize and clarify views on the development of child psychoanalysis in Russia (based on the example of particular research results and ideas of the first Russian psychoanalysts) as theoretical and practical aspects of psychological assistance of a child. The majority of researches that contain a number of fundamental psychoanalytical texts that reveal the research activity of the first Russian psychoanalysts such as I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Shmidt, S. N. Shpilrein, M. V. Vulf an dothers are still unpublished. There is a quite deep layer of our heritage that is still to be studied and systematized in order to fill in the gaps in the Russian history of psychoanalysis as well as teaching. 

Keywords: the unconscious, instincts, socialization, sublimation, sexuality, child psychoanalysis, fantasy, creativity, speech and thinking

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22114

Abstract: The subject of the research is the psychological state of minors bearing in mind that the modern world is becoming more powerful in innovative technologies. It is difficult to imagine human activity from which the computer is completely excluded. It is undeniable that technological innovation of life to But reached the top, humanity is faced with the so-called side effects, are identified at the younger generation. Computer addiction is doing great and irreparable harm, affecting the psyche of young people.The research methodology involves the analysis of scientific literature in order to analyze and identify the causes of scientific novelty of deviant behavior of minors related to computer innovations. The main conclusion is that against the background of strained mental space is the formation of delinquent behavior. Unlawful conduct of a minor in nature means that there is an internal conflict, as well as a conflict between the individual and society - between individual aspirations and the public interest. Further, it should be noted that the destructive behavior of minors is the result of an internal desire to meet their needs, which means to change the psychological imbalance to psychological balance, in spite of public opinion.

Keywords: a sense of satisfaction, dependent behavior, mental development, upbringing, emotions of anger, craving, fear, aggression, minor, game addiction

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68619

Abstract: The subject of the research is the psychological state of minors bearing in mind that the modern world is becoming more powerful in innovative technologies. It is difficult to imagine human activity from which the computer is completely excluded. It is undeniable that technological innovation of life to But reached the top, humanity is faced with the so-called side effects, are identified at the younger generation. Computer addiction is doing great and irreparable harm, affecting the psyche of young people.The research methodology involves the analysis of scientific literature in order to analyze and identify the causes of scientific novelty of deviant behavior of minors related to computer innovations. The main conclusion is that against the background of strained mental space is the formation of delinquent behavior. Unlawful conduct of a minor in nature means that there is an internal conflict, as well as a conflict between the individual and society - between individual aspirations and the public interest. Further, it should be noted that the destructive behavior of minors is the result of an internal desire to meet their needs, which means to change the psychological imbalance to psychological balance, in spite of public opinion.

Keywords: a sense of satisfaction, dependent behavior, mental development, upbringing, emotions of anger, craving, fear, aggression, minor, game addiction