Abstract: The article presents a research view on the features of the organization of the process of teaching computer-graphic modeling for participants in the educational process within the framework of an advanced engineering school. It is shown that this direction is not innovative and the creative teams of university engineering schools have already gained some experience in quickly solving typical problems in the process of advanced training of a highly qualified specialist. At the same time, the authors of the article draw attention to circumstances that significantly limit the achievement of ambitious goals pursued in the implementation of pilot educational programs. The application of the participants of the advanced engineering school to bridge the gap between theory and practice looks especially declarative, given that the formation of even basic skills (spatial thinking) for many members of elite engineering training groups requires significant time costs. Today, in Russian universities, this problem is solved by traditional methodological methods as part of the teaching of the discipline "Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics". The author's methods of teaching computer-graphic modeling outlined in the article are addressed to innovative teachers who realistically assess their capabilities when developing their own design educational products for students who have made a conscious choice in favor of an advanced engineering school. The article was written based on the results of approbation of the author's pedagogical initiatives in the educational process of the university (Perm Polytechnic University).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43503

Abstract: The relevance of the article is determined by the need to analyze the changes that occurred in higher education institutions in the area of the use of digital technology during and after the pandemic. Within the framework of this research, we conducted a content-analysis of the websites and curricula of Volgograd higher education institutions and a questionnaire survey of students in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the use of digital technology and e-learning in the modern context. Digitalization came into the process of the management of higher education institutions long ago, however, rapid changes in e-learning have occurred in the last two years, which was confirmed in the results of our study. 70-80% of students' independent work was transferred to electronic form, the classroom workload is replaced with online lessons, the teaching methods change: the use of mixed learning as well as blended and flipped learning increases. The results of the study make us think about the excessive enthusiasm for e-learning, possibilities and risks of its use. Digital education brings significant changes in the role of professors and students in the process of learning, which requires appropriate adaptation and causes changes in the management of the organizations and the introduction of new actors in the educational process. At the institutional level, our conclusions indicate the need to support the academic staff in the area of methodological and technical assistance since the process of digital transformation of higher education institutions is irreversible and its intensiveness continues to grow.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.38432

Abstract: A new level of systemic complexity of the tasks facing modern education determines the need to search for new thinking tools that ensure their solution. This is the reason for the relevance of this research, the purpose of which is to offer a new thinking tool that provides the opportunity to think complexly and about complex things, to view an object, for example, education, as a complex whole, i.e. included through the generality of the constitutive basis in a system of diverse connections and interactions$ Qualitatively compress large arrays of heterogeneous information, integrate (collect) it into semantic coherence. In the process of scientific research, methods of scientific theorization were used in the context of the ideas of post-nonclassical science and on its methodological basis. The article considers the structure of the ontological representation as a tool of thinking, which is understood as the order of division of the world in the consciousness of society (how the meaning of this representation organizes consciousness). This is the scientific novelty of the study. Using the example of a traditional learning system, the fundamental influence of the structure of the ontological representation in which it is built (the separation between the subjective world and the objective world) is shown. From this position, four structural markers of this system and its basic meanings (ontological, anthropological, etc.) are identified. Their presence in educational (in) innovations indicates that these (in) innovations are a variant of the traditional learning system, respectively, the quality of the educational result and its inconsistency with the challenges of the time are common. The analysis of FGOS 4.0 — the first digital standard confirms this. The article examines the structure of the ontological foundation of a new education system capable of responding to the challenges of the time, its basic meanings are highlighted. It is concluded that in the new system, along with new educational opportunities, the educational opportunities of the traditional system of education should be used.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43504

Abstract: The introduction and expansion of the use of e-learning systems (ELS) in the higher education system has made the educational resources of universities more accessible, interactive and effective for students. The growth in the number of users and the amount of data in the system leads to a number of technical and pedagogical problems. These include insufficient orientation to cognition and the lack of adequate pedagogical support for the needs of students. This leads to an increase in cognitive load and an increase in the dependence of learning success on the external motivation of students. The article presents some results of the study of the problem of developing a pedagogical model to expand the context of adult education in the higher education system, conducted by the author in 2021-2023. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and practical aspects of the model in terms of design and development of the ELS structure. The author conducted a critical analysis of the literature on the problem of using ICT to improve e-learning services. Modern e-learning systems, elements of their architecture, and problems of use in order to improve e-learning are systematized. The role of cognitive schemas and knowledge maps in the design and development of ELS is analyzed. The requirements for ELS based on knowledge mapping and the main elements of its structure have been developed. Using the results of this study in the process of designing and developing ELS will reduce the cognitive load of students and the number of refusals from the course, as well as increase the level of satisfaction with e-learning.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43944

Abstract: Vocational guidance within the framework of educational activities is an extremely relevant area of work. This activity is regulated by both Federal Laws and regional regulations. In this paper, we analyzed the main methods for the development of career guidance activities. On the example of the Belgorod region, we determined which of these techniques work and what results they give. There are various vocational guidance centers in the region that assist schoolchildren and students in choosing a profession, providing information on the labor market, training and employment opportunities. However, despite the results achieved, there are still a number of challenges and problems that need to be addressed. One of these problems is the lack of information about the labor market in the region for specific professions, which makes it difficult to choose a future profession. The paper shows, taking into account trends in the labor market and the socio-economic situation in the Belgorod region, career guidance activities have great potential for development and improvement.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.20481

Abstract: The subject of this study was the existing pedagogical systems from the point of view of the object-hierarchical structure of their typical training sessions, namely their following parameters: 1) how many branches of the hierarchical scheme does the lesson contain; 2) how many steps of the hierarchy does each branch have; 3) how many objects are contained at each step of the hierarchy; 4) how many known objects reveal the essence of each unknown object; 5) do the lower steps of the hierarchical scheme of the lesson contain such objects that are not disclosed due to 3-5 known ones; 6) at which stages of the lesson objects are represented in static, and at which – in motion. The present work is a theoretical study, which consists in studying the possibility of using the method of object-hierarchical modeling for a more accurate description of existing learning systems, which would make it possible to introduce quantitative certainty into pedagogy and psychology. This approach is based on the method of modeling the information structure of the lesson developed by the author and experimental data presented by him in previous works on the influence of structuring and dosing of educational material on the attention and discipline of students, as well as on their emotional state. It is concluded that some training systems that have gained a reputation for being effective are consistent with the data obtained (for example, classes on the methods of A.-Ya. Komensky, S. Frenet and V.F. Shatalov). It is also concluded that the main reason for the rejection of the widespread introduction of these and some other methods (for example, "immersion" and programmed learning) is the quantitative uncertainty of pedagogical recommendations, which, in turn, can be corrected by applying an object-hierarchical description of the structure of the lesson.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43713

Abstract: The article talks about the distinctive features of teaching history disciplines in a technological university. As a rule, students are offered Humanities courses at the beginning of their program. On the one hand, this makes it easier for the instructor as first-year students are likely to remember something from what they studied at school. On the other hand, it makes the instructor’s task more difficult since students often have no interest in studying such disciplines. To ensure effective course delivery, several methods encouraging student involvement are proposed. The main methods include: cohesive presentation; lively, clear and informative visual content; use of interactive materials in class and alternation of different types of practical sessions. One can also find a detailed description of classes that received a positive response from the audience. The novelty of the research lies in the selection of tasks based on historical materials for practicals in a way that provides students with useful skills for further studies and work. The tasks given at the beginning of the course train students to plan their work, making a report or a brief project presentation allows them to improve public speaking skills as well as self-presentation. Participation in debates is important for learning not only how to argue one's point of view, but also how to work in a team. Also, creating one’s own infographics allows a student to master new programs and try to present a huge amount of information in a concise and vivid way. Such a skill set will prove useful for students when working in business, advertising, graphic design or IT while exploration of various aspects of history will broaden their horizons.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.44022

Abstract: The author considers the problem of using socio-pedagogical design as a condition for training students of pedagogical universities in the context of the formation of a coherent environment of the future, reveals the features of such socio-pedagogical design, its structure, presents a model for implementing a system of training students of pedagogical universities of socio-pedagogical design as a guarantor of readiness for future professional activity and conditions for maintaining a harmonious educational environment as a means of formation of personality. The need to develop a model for the use of socio-pedagogical design in the training of students of pedagogical universities in the context of the formation of a coherent environment of the future is caused by a number of reasons: the uneven development of the environment with the priority requirement of the organization of effective education and personal development. Instability, inconsistency of environments leads to a negative impact on the personality both in psychological terms (discomfort, contradictory, ambivalent experiences) and in the pedagogical aspect (lack of a stable idea of values, problems with choosing and building a priority of values, difficulties in forming a stable worldview). A coherent educational environment, or, in other words, a balanced, harmonized one, is able to maximize the capabilities to solve the problems of the educational process, maintain concentration, adequate interactions of all environments with each other. This is possible with the extraction of its potential by specialists who possess advising competencies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.38917

Abstract: The subject of the study is the process of developing a student education program as part of an educational program at a pedagogical university. The article includes a description of the program design algorithm, which includes analytical, target, design, substantive, procedural, organizational and reflexive steps. Also, the content of the article reflects the main ideas and stages reflecting the logic of educational work at the university, taking into account the course of study and the results provided for by the relevant standard of higher education. According to our research logic, the following stages of the educational work program are distinguished: stage 1 "Value-semantic self-determination" (1st year); stage 2 "Professional self-determination" (2-3 courses); stage 3 "Professional self-actualization" (4-5 courses); stage 4 "Professional self-realization" (young specialist). The basis of each stage is a system of interconnected tracks that determine the directions of solving educational tasks in a certain period of mastering an educational program by a student. The main conclusions of the study are the following ideas that actualize the process of designing an educational work program: -educational work is part of the educational process and a component of the university environment; -educational work is of an event-activity nature; -educational work is variable, focused on voluntary self-determination and freedom of choice by students of activities; -educational work is carried out on the basis of the binary of educational influences on students in the university environment and the manifestation of the subjective position of students; -the results of educational work are part of the educational results of the Federal State Educational Standard and are formulated in terms of universal and general professional competencies. The novelty of the results obtained is determined by an innovative approach to design and the relative novelty of the phenomenon of considering the education program as part of the educational program, the appearance of which is associated with the corresponding amendments to the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated July 31, 2021.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.39005

Abstract: In the article, based on the analysis of scientific developments of domestic scientists, theoretical research and personal pedagogical experience of the authors, the concept of "competitiveness of personality" is revealed from the point of view of the tasks of pedagogy. The effectiveness of the competitive movement for the formation of personal competitiveness of high school students as a separate age category of students is substantiated. Among the competitions of achievements considered in the aspect of competitiveness education and traditionally used in school didactics, two main types are distinguished from the point of view of their form and content: subject Olympiads and contests of creative works. The role of pedagogical technologies as the main practical tool in the process of education in general and education of personal competitiveness in particular is determined. The analysis of pedagogical technologies as organized regular algorithmically constructed sequences of actions of the teacher and students, formed on the basis of pedagogical scientific research and allowing to solve practical problems related to the education of personal competitiveness of high school students. A technological model of educating the personal competitiveness of high school students using the potential of achievement contests has been developed. Within the framework of the model, some interrelated pedagogical technologies and groups of technologies are considered, the development, improvement and application of which is of practical importance for the formation of competitiveness, among which it is necessary to highlight the technology of personal competitiveness education developed by the author through the competitive movement, including a long-term set of measures for the preparation and participation of high school students in the competitive movement; the technology of organizing competitions of achievements in the direction of a more complete their compliance with the competitive realities of life; technology for measuring the competitiveness of high school students and evaluating pedagogical efforts to form competitiveness (diagnostic technology).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43727

Abstract: The article examines the process of formation of painting skills as part of the professional training of designers of various profiles in modern China – a country with huge economic potential and in need of professional designers of various kinds of products. The problem of the research is that modern design is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. While it requires standardization and compliance with rules and regulations, it still presupposes a breadth of creative thinking and imagination, as well as the ability to implement their ideas in an artistic form. This puts forward the need to preserve and develop disciplines related to the visual arts, and in particular painting. The subject of the author's attention is Chinese design education, and the object is the role and place of painting in the process of training specialists in such popular areas as art design, fashion industry, building and interior design, industrial and computer design. The purpose of the study is to characterize the position of disciplines related to the pictorial art in Chinese design education at the present time. To do this, it is supposed to consistently consider the features of teaching painting for different specialties in the largest universities in China. It can appear as an integrated beginning in professional disciplines, be an independent and rather isolated discipline, and also be used as a means for mastering the theory of color. The duration of training also varies, as well as the degree of permissibility or undesirability of creative self-expression. The techniques of image in the process of preparing educational design projects of Chinese students are systematized. The interaction of the sketch of the future designer in color with the embodiment of the finished product is revealed.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43824

Abstract: The processes of modernization of the Chinese higher education system are changing the content of educational activities of educational institutions and emphasize the need to train specialists with the ability to think innovatively in industrial production. The author of this article focuses on the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in the specialty industrial design in leading educational institutions of different profiles and the role of disciplines related to the formation of artistic abilities of students in it. The purpose of the research is to study the educational process in modern Chinese art and non-art universities and to identify those components of it that condition the training of a future specialist capable of productive professional activity in production conditions. The object of the research is the process of formation of professional knowledge and skills of future specialists in the field of industrial design in modern Chinese art and non-art universities. The subject of the study is a characteristic of the ratio of artistic and creative disciplines and other subjects during the preparation of students of the specialty "Industrial Design". The author of the work notes that educational institutions in China consider the ability to create sketches in different techniques, materials and stylistics as basic for future specialists, but drawing, composition and color theory are not taught in all universities as independent disciplines. At the same time, they are necessarily present in creative research projects as a mandatory component.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.34132

Abstract: The subject of the study is the self – awareness of a preschooler's personality. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the structure of self – consciousness of preschoolers born from multiple pregnancies and single-born preschoolers who have and do not have siblings due to the influence of special evaluation factors. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the self-consciousness of preschoolers in connection with the special social situation of development and the presence of siblings. The role of evaluative relationships in the development of self-awareness in preschool age is determined. Differences in the characteristics of self-consciousness of girls and boys of preschool age are revealed. Research methodology: cultural and historical approach (L.S. Vygotsky), concepts of self-consciousness of a preschool child (M.I. Lisina, V.E. Mukhina, R.H. Shakurov), the effect of twins R. Zazzo. The study involved 160 preschoolers, including 88 preschoolers born from multiple pregnancies, 72 single-born preschoolers. The existence of differences in the structure of self-consciousness of preschoolers born from multiple pregnancies and single-born preschoolers associated with the influence of special evaluative relationships within the social situation of development is theoretically substantiated and empirically proven. The main conclusions of the study are presented in the provisions. Preschoolers born from multiple pregnancies are characterized by a significantly lower level of self-esteem and self-acceptance in comparison with single-born preschoolers, which may be due to a special characteristic of the parent's evaluative relationships due to the social situation of development. For preschoolers born from multiple pregnancies, evaluative relationships of a parent of the same sex are significant for the formation of self-awareness.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.38168

Abstract: For a long time, military people have occupied a very special honorable and responsible place in society. To form a system of values of future officers is becoming an urgent task of professional military education, despite the fact that the most appropriate values and ideals of humanism and social responsibility is the system of values and meanings of the military intelligentsia. The article examines the domestic literary sources, which accumulate and present the psychological features of intelligence officer in Russian fiction. The object of the work is the images of the officers in the XVIII century Russian literature, which are the artistic precursors of images of military intellectuals in Russian literature of the XΙX century. The subject of the article ‒ psychological features of the designated artistic images of a military intellectual. The main methodological approaches are systemic, cultural-historical and literary psychologism. Theoretical, general logical and empirical methods are used as methods. It is noted that the psychological representation of the features inherent in the military intelligentsia in the literature is carried out in several basic forms: 1) a direct representation of characters "from the inside", that is, through artistic cognition of the inner world of the actors, expressed through internal speech, images of memory and imagination); 2) an indirect form, i.e. psychological analysis "from the outside", expressed in the psychological interpretation by the writer of expressive features of speech, speech behavior, mimic and others means of external manifestation of the psyche); 3) in a summative-denoting form ‒ with the help of naming, extremely brief designation of those processes that take place in the inner world. The main scientific results of the article include the identification of psychological traits of intelligence officer in Russian fiction, as well as their social functions. The article consists of two parts, in this case the first part of the work is presented.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43768

Abstract: Creative independence of art students is one of the most important conditions for successful study and further employment in modern art education in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this publication is to identify those organizational-pedagogical, psychological-pedagogical and didactic conditions in modern Russian and Chinese art universities that activate the creative independence of students. In Russia, they are more focused on stimulating the ability of students to perform educational activities independently of teachers. In China, the main focus is on independence in the creative search of students. The analysis shows that the formation of creative independence in the educational process in pedagogical universities of Russia and China in the conditions of personality-oriented learning allows students to improve both visual abilities and skills of a future teacher-artist through complexes of creative tasks or projects and participation in exhibition projects. The preparation of curricula with an emphasis on the independent work of students is a priority direction of development in such educational institutions, which is focused on the creative and research activities of students, but within the framework of certain educational tasks. The latter do not restrict the freedom of students, but, on the contrary, are those "difficulties" that provoke independence in plastic and meaningful solutions in creative works.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.3.43629

Abstract: The subject of this study is the process of distance learning of a foreign language in a non-linguistic university. The object of the study is a system of webinars conducted during distance learning of a foreign language. The author examines in detail the structure of training webinars of various types, offers his classification of distance learning and a model of a system of distance learning of a foreign language for students of economics of a transport university, which includes an ordered system of webinars of various types. Particular attention is paid to such issues as: raising students' awareness of the structure of the discipline course and the requirements, insufficient attention to which causes students anxiety in the difficult process of distance learning. The theoretical significance lies in the creation of a classification of webinars and the development of a model of a webinar system in distance learning of a foreign language in vezu. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the proposed or modified model of the webinar system in different learning environments and at different levels of education. After conducting an experimental training, the following conclusions were made. The introduction of an ordered model of the webinar system increases students' awareness, reduces anxiety, especially in the process of forming speaking and listening skills, improves the equipment of the educational process, as webinar recordings become more structured, orderly, and, consequently, more watchable. The educational process in the discipline "Foreign language" becomes more structured and understandable for students.