Abstract: The subject of the study is the dynamics of changes taking place in the architecture of humanitarian education in Russian educational institutions of higher education in the XXI century. The article is written on the basis of the author's experience in teaching social and humanitarian academic disciplines. It is shown that in the 2000s, in non-humanitarian universities, the main emphasis was placed on teaching and developing the basics of political, sociological and cultural knowledge among students. The humanitarian presence in the curricula of the specialty made it possible to achieve intermediate goals of political education. In the subsequent period of time, knowledge about politics and the political structure of the country, about civic heroism and patriotism turned out to be on the periphery of professional educational routes of students. The authors note that currently, at the initiative of the Ministry of Education of Russia, the key foundations of humanitarian education are being revised. The number of classroom hours for studying the history of Russia and the main milestones of world history is increasing, work has begun on the introduction of the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" into the educational process. At the same time, there is an obvious demand for systematic profile retraining of the teaching staff of non-humanitarian universities. The article contains specific proposals for the implementation of measures aimed at political education and civic education of all participants in the educational process at the university. Special attention is paid to postgraduate training in the political science field.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40074

Abstract: The article presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the understanding of value orientations and mechanisms of their formation, reveals the impact of the educational process on the transformation of the complex value orientations of students - future teachers. The article presents the experience of designing the educational process of students in the direction of "Pedagogical education", aimed at promoting the development of value orientations of students - future teachers within the educational modules of the educational program. Particular attention in pedagogical design was paid to the peculiarities of applying the idea of affective area of B. Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives and such mechanisms of value orientations formation as identification, empathy, individualization and reflection. D.A. Leontiev's "Meaning-Life Orientation Test" method was used to study the peculiarities of the complex of students' value orientations. The sample consisted of 84 students of "Pedagogical education" from the first to the third year. The results of the analysis of the data of the control study revealed positive dynamics in such indicators of value orientations as "satisfaction with the results of their life activities", "degree of independence", "degree of responsibility", "control over your life". Thus, the educational process, designed on the basis of such mechanisms of formation of value orientations, can be considered as a resource for the development of the value sphere of the personality of future teachers.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40446

Abstract: The subject of this study is the teaching of humanities to students of technical specialties. The object of the research is the methodology of project activity in the higher education system aimed at expanding the professional competencies of engineering students. The authors consider in detail such aspects as interdisciplinary and personalized approaches in the higher education system and the key parameters of their relationship with project work. Special attention is paid in the article to the tasks that the project activity solves. Among them are the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities in key competencies, work in an interdisciplinary field, the formation of teamwork skills and the ability to evaluate it. The study provides a detailed description of the implemented projects at ITMO University. The scientific novelty lies in the presentation of the results of the approbation of projects of different scientific and pedagogical orientation. The main conclusions of the study convincingly demonstrate that the applied nature of projects is key for the development of skills in the historical and cultural field. At the same time, there is an adaptation of current knowledge about the current state of historical science. As a result, the focus on interdisciplinary and personalized approaches is directly reflected in the framework of project work by integrating historical knowledge with digital methods and research and tools of technical sciences.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40526

Abstract: The subject of the study is the model and pedagogical conditions for the formation of design and research readiness of future mathematics teachers. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure of the model of formation of readiness of students of pedagogical specialties for design and research activities in the system of mathematical education. The article examines the potential of the model and pedagogical conditions for the formation of students' readiness for project research activities based on the application of the project method. The conditions of its integration into the university mathematics course are presented. The article describes the model of formation of readiness of students of pedagogical specialties for design and research activities in the system of mathematical education. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the theoretical substantiation and development of a model of design and research activities of future mathematics teachers, which is implemented using interdisciplinary connections and is aimed at increasing students' interest in vocational education, obtaining fundamental knowledge. The study used a set of theoretical and practical methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of research, pedagogical experiment, observation. As a result, it is proved that this model and pedagogical conditions contribute to the development of creative abilities of students, as well as the development of design and research activities and increase interest in obtaining professional knowledge.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40584

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the implementation of the educational resource of new social media in the educational process of educational organizations. The author conducts a systematic review of modern scientific and methodological literature, identifies the problem that has developed in the modern theory and practice of using new social media in pedagogical activity, and determines its current state in modern Russia. The article presents the results of a study of the attitude of high school students and their teachers to the use of social media for educational purposes, their ideas about the effectiveness of such a means of teaching and upbringing, about its main strengths and possible threats. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the results of the conducted survey, which suggest that the majority of both high school students and young teachers have a positive attitude to the integration of new social media into the educational process of the school.There are also a lot of questions related to the lack of scientific research of educational opportunities of the developing institute of social media, questions about how to use them in an educational environment, what rules and regulations should be followed, what is the content of a new educational resource, what are its risks and threats, what is the algorithm of its actualization and how to combine it with traditional teaching and upbringing technologies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40594

Abstract: The author attempts to present Nestor (Anisimov), the recognized spiritual leader of the Far Eastern branch of the Russian emigration, as a religious philosopher whose work grows from the depths of Russian culture. It is argued that philosophy is not present in the legacy of Vladyka in its "pure form", but is dissolved in the living tissue of his works. It is noted that the language of the archpastor is peculiar and differs in emotional expressiveness, semantic saturation, symbolic imagery. The main themes of his work related to the fate of Russia, Orthodox-patriotic enlightenment, the national question, and the Russian idea are identified and disclosed. The methods used in the course of the study are hermeneutic, source studies, historical, comparative. It is proved that the ideal in Nestor's political ontology is theocracy, in which the realization of Russia's historical mission as a peacemaker-mediator between the West and the East is possible. It is shown that the eschatology of salvation dominated in the legacy of Nestor over apocalyptic moods, since the bishop believed in the revival of his Fatherland through national unity and conciliar purification from enmity, leading to the division of the Russian world. The author of the article concludes that the religious and philosophical views of the archpastor not only influenced his contemporaries, but are relevant for Russia at the present time, which requires spiritual renewal.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40929

Abstract: The subject of the study is the peculiarities of modern art and pedagogical education in Russia and China. The aim is to determine the specifics of the methodology of teaching contemporary art to Chinese and Russian students – future art teachers in Russian and Chinese universities. The article discusses the features of teaching this discipline in the largest art and pedagogical universities of Russia and China at the beginning of the XXI century. The research methodology is based on the provisions of pedagogy and psychology, the specifics, theory and methodology of art and pedagogical education. To achieve this goal, methods such as theoretical analysis of sources related to the teaching of contemporary art in universities in Russia and China, comparison of curricula and programs in them, pedagogical observation of students' activities were used. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it highlights and summarizes specific features in the teaching of contemporary art in Chinese and Russian art and pedagogical institutions of higher education based on the analysis of curricula and projects of the Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University and Moscow State Pedagogical University, as well as Beijing Pedagogical University and Peking University. As a result, the process of integrating contemporary art into the practice of Chinese and Russian pedagogical universities is shown; the features of interaction of students in educational activities with current artistic practices as a way of mastering the world art experience and its reflection. The conclusions of the author of the publication are that in order to optimize the process of acquaintance of students with contemporary art, both Russian and Chinese art and pedagogical universities offer them to conduct creative experiments with new materials, forms and means of expression as part of their independent work, as well as interact in specially organized spaces with the work of current artists.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.43429

Abstract: The study of the legal awareness in the educational space presumes its exposition as a universal phenomenon. This phenomenon combines two mutually agreed aspects. One aspect includes the theory of the legal awareness, that is determined with the philosophical reception of such concepts as the natural right and the positive right. The another aspect concerns the practical forms, that help to realize the legal awareness in the educational space by means of the creation of the special educational environment. The theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of the legal awareness shows the complexity of this problem, that connects legal and social sides of the phenomenon. The mutual integration of this directions is possible only on the theoretical level and basis on the grounds of the idealist philosophy by Kant, Hegel, Ilijin. The another possibility of such exposition gives the materialist philosophy primarily the marxism. This state can be explained with the antinomy of the phenomenon of the legal awareness. This antinomy allows the situations, when the special features of the phenomenon do not correspond with each other, but its unity keeps safer. This unity keeps safer by means of the theory of the reflection, that accentuates the material external world. The another way of the realization of this unity is connected with the idealist philosophy, that considers the legal awareness as the special structure- third option that corresponds with the human personality as the potency and the educational environment only realizes this third option. The modern theories of forming of educational environment in the educational space, created by V. V. Rubzov, V. A. Jasvin, V.I. Svobodchikov, V. I. Panov integrate this two approaches and emphasize the dialogical features of educational environment and do not reduce it to the ideal or material grounds.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40608

Abstract: The subject of the study is the updated Federal State Educational Standards (FGOS) of all levels of general education. The object of the study is the formation of a unified educational space in the Russian Federation, one of the leading instruments of which is the Federal State Educational Standard. The study presents a detailed analysis of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the results of the development of basic educational programs. Special attention is paid to the professional competencies of the teacher, which determine the possibility of forming results within the framework of subject-based learning. The study was carried out on the basis of a meaningful analysis of updated FGOS and other regulatory documents, statistical analysis of FGOS of different generations, monitoring studies of professional competencies of teachers. Based on the conducted research, a number of conclusions were made. It is revealed that the leading update of the Federal State Educational Standard is the concretized and systematized requirements for personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the basic educational programs, which are holistically presented in relation to training and upbringing and formulated in an activity form. It is shown that the updated FGOS answer the systemic questions "what to teach?", "how to teach?", "why to teach?", i.e. they have an applied nature. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard set the framework of requirements for the professional competencies of a teacher – subject, methodological, personal. The study revealed the deficits of professional competencies, the leading of which is the willingness and ability to carry out professional activities on the basis of a system–activity approach, which acts as a system-forming condition for the implementation of requirements for learning outcomes. The scope of application of the research results is to determine the directions of professional development of teachers in the context of changes in the regulatory framework.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.38619

Abstract: The article explores the possibilities of foresight technology as a pedagogical tool for predicting the future, competence in the structure of educational experience and assumes that it can be used to create new means of supporting learning technologies and their promotion in the educational process. This is one of the interactive forms of training for specialists of the preschool education system, which allows you to spread innovative pedagogical experience in working with preschool children in relevant areas. The purpose of the work is to study the foresight project method for the possibility of its application by participants of the educational process in preschool educational organizations, since preschool age is the initial stage of a child's awareness of their capabilities, laying the foundations of professional self-determination in the future, acquiring skills in the correlation of society's demands and their own abilities. In the course of the research, a questionnaire was created in five main areas to assess the implementation by heads of children's educational organizations of the use of the foresight project method in their teaching activities. The distinctive features of foresight design, the main problems and relevance of the application of this method by educational organizations are highlighted. Based on the data obtained, methodological recommendations for the use of the foresight project technology in the work on the interaction of subjects of the educational process have been developed. It is proved that the competent application of the foresight method in working with pupils of preschool educational organizations in combination with other modern technologies improves the education process, introduces preschoolers to the world of professions and helps to get the first skills of work.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.38301

Abstract: Strategic priorities for developing modern Russian society and ensuring law and order require establishing an effective continuous educational process in Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs’ universities. The author examines the issue of compliance with the secrecy regime in the online education of students in universities of Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs. The study's relevance is due to the scale of the spread of COVID-19 infection and the development of information and communication technologies. Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs’ universities have special disciplines that require secrecy during online learning. These disciplines include operational investigative activities, operational investigative psychology, record keeping and secrecy regime, and others. The study's object is the online educational process in Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs’ universities. The subject of the study is the methods of transmitting and exchanging information in educational organizations of Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs within the framework of online distance learning. In the course of the study, the goal was achieved to substantiate the necessary and sufficient measures for the optimal implementation of educational programs of higher education, vocational training, and advanced training of police officers in the conditions of expanding the information space, communication capabilities, and limitations generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The author compared the relationship between "distance learning" and "online learning." The conclusion is made about the need to expand the ISOD of Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs capabilities and develop a single departmental digital educational portal for Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs universities within this information space. The author suggests improving the information potential of Russia’s Ministry of Internal Affairs system for the possibility of teaching particular disciplines in the online education process.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40564

Abstract: The subject of the research is teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The object of the study is the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In the article, the author presents the results of the analysis of the textbook series "Russian language". The following research methods were used: a comprehensive analysis of the "Russian language" textbook series, analysis and generalization of methodological techniques used in the textbooks, and drawing of conclusions. The theoretical significance and scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the textbooks used for teaching the Russian language in the DPRK was considered and analyzed for the first time in a Russian scientific journal, the features of the methodology for teaching Russian as a foreign language in the DPRK and the presentation of educational material in the considered textbooks were identified, a number of recommendations were made regarding improvement the quality of the textbooks. The main conclusions of the scientific study are that when studying the Russian language in the schools of the DPRK, the main emphasis is made on memorizing phrases and developing the ability to reproduce them, but not on developing the ability to express one's thoughts. The ideological component can be traced quite strongly in the textbooks considered. The absence of native speakers in the team of authors led to a significant number of errors on the pages of the textbooks.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.37952

Abstract: The experience of using the business game in the professional retraining of doctors is aimed at obtaining new knowledge and finding solutions to complex professional issues, taking into account knowledge of Russian legislation regulating the basics of medical activity, as well as taking into account personal professional experience and the experience of colleagues. Theoretical analysis. The use of a business game using the analysis of problematic issues in the professional retraining of doctors has a positive effect on the degree of their interest in the training itself and contributes to improving the effectiveness of the educational process as a whole. The business game, built on the basis of modeling complex issues and possible problem situations encountered in the professional activities of doctors, promotes their involvement in the learning process, which increases their professional skills. As a problem field of the business game, preliminary written answers of medical students were offered, where they indicated the difficulties, in their opinion, that they encounter or may encounter in their future work. The participants of the business game have prepared materials for examination in the form of products of medical students' activities. Conclusion and conclusions. The use of a business game in the professional retraining of physicians, based on the analysis of difficult issues encountered in their professional activities, contributes to increasing their involvement in the educational process, expanding practical skills, and also contributes to improving the effectiveness of training.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.38170

Abstract: Military people have long occupied a very special honorable and responsible place in society. To form a system of values of future officers is becoming an urgent task of professional military education. The article examines the domestic literary sources, which accumulate and present the psychological features of the merits of the officer in Russian fiction. The object of the work is the images of officers in the XVΙΙΙ century Russian literature, which are the artistic precursors of images of military intellectuals in Russian literature of the XΙX century. The subject of the article ‒ psychological features of the designated artistic images of a military mens. The main methodological approaches were systemic, cultural-historical and literary psychologism. Theoretical, general logical and empirical methods are used as methods. It is noted that the psychological representation of the features inherent in the military intelligentsia in the literature is carried out in several basic forms: 1) a direct representation of characters "from the inside", that is, through artistic cognition of the inner world of the actors, expressed through internal speech, images of memory and imagination); 2) an indirect form, i.e. psychological analysis "from the outside", expressed in the psychological interpretation by the writer of expressive features of speech, speech behavior, mimic and others means of external manifestation of the psyche); 3) in a summative-denoting form ‒ with the help of naming, extremely brief designation of those processes that take place in the inner world. The main scientific results of the article include the identification of psychological traits of intelligence officer in Russian fiction, as well as their social functions. The article consists of two parts, here is presented the second part of the work.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40105

Abstract: The object of the study are foreign students of ASMU. The purpose of the work is to assess the impact of blended learning on the adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities on the example of ASMU. The subject of the study is the adaptation to the learning process of foreign students in the university environment. An online survey developed based on a set of questions was used to collect data from 80 first-year international students. The analysis of the survey results conducted using the SPSS Statistics program empirically confirms the fact that students' perception of their university learning experience and adaptation were beneficially influenced by the mixed learning environment. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that during the research a questionnaire was developed that allows to determine the general level of adaptation of foreign students to the learning process and to identify the problems that foreign students face more often during their studies in Russia. Based on the results of the survey, practical recommendations are proposed to improve work with foreign students for more successful adaptation in the university environment. Main conclusions 1. The studies conducted at ASMU indicate the positive impact of blended learning (thanks to digital online communication) on the interaction not only of the student and the teacher, but also on the interaction between each other. 2. The results obtained show that blended learning is the means that creates the necessary prerequisites for the emergence of internal motivation of a person's activity, especially when it is able to adapt to the characteristics of the trainees, the level of available knowledge, the pace of assimilation of new knowledge. In this case, students enjoy the learning process, their self-confidence and activity in learning increases. 3. Elements of online learning are organically combined with classroom classes, complementing them and developing self-study skills and providing accessible feedback from the teacher.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40540

Abstract: The author analyzes the situation and crisis in mathematical education, and outlines the ways to overcome this crisis. The loss of the meaning of mathematical education by schoolchildren and attempts to resume this meaning are discussed. The author, relying on his own research on the origin of mathematics and the experience of teaching it, characterizes the meaning of modern mathematical education: this is an important historical phenomenon, one of the first types of ancient science, mathematics is a language of mathematical schemes and models used in physics and a number of other scientific disciplines, it is a kind of creativity and thinking (mathematical) that a person can join. Three interpretations of the content of mathematical education are analyzed: knowledge, meta-subject and reflexive, as ways of thinking. The author offers another reflexive reconstruction of situations, activities and thinking that led to the formation and development of mathematics. An example of such a reconstruction is given. Other factors determining the features of the content of modern mathematical education are also discussed, namely, ideas about different types of personality and the trajectories of their development, the principle of cultural conformity, the attitude to diversity and variability of content. In conclusion, the author raises the question of the nature of a new type of mathematics textbook and gives an example, however, from the field of humanities, of a successful textbook on cultural studies written by him.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40758

Abstract: The article formulates the concept of an educational cultural-semiotic and private environment of a developing person's life activity. It is focused on new forms of education in the context of a change in the basic pedagogical paradigm and changes, which the author calls a "quiet revolution in education." The principles of the traditional and new paradigms of education are briefly characterized. The question is raised about the reality that will allow us to comprehend and link together the individual principles of the new paradigm: a student is a kind of centaur and a "social individual" and a "personality"; not individual characteristics, but different backgrounds and development trajectories; a combination of learning and independent activity (education that promotes in the future, the transition to self-education); search and formation of new forms of education; restoration of the meaningfulness of education in relation to goals and content; transition to reflexive contents. The author describes the image of culture that he developed in the process of many years of cultural studies and helped to see a new reality. But he called this reality not a culture, but an environment. The characteristics of such an environment are indicated, two levels of its constitution and description are distinguished - abstract (as reality) and more concrete (ontological). The latter is illustrated by the material of the problems of teaching mathematics. In conclusion, the criteria for demarcating competencies for new types of education are discussed: which area and tasks are responsible for, what forms of awareness take place, the nature and features of the current practice.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.38568

Abstract: The object of this research is to study the organization of the educational process using active and interactive methods. The relevance of the topic is determined by the insufficient number of theoretical developments, research on the organization of interaction of these methods in a remote format. The purpose of this article was to clarify the features of the use of active and interactive methods in the conditions of distance learning and to present their own teaching methodology, the essence of which is the continuity and variability of the use of active and interactive teaching methods throughout the educational process by different teachers. The research methods are general philosophical methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of systematization of materials, since the authors used various forms of classes, analyzed their effectiveness in terms of assimilation of the material and selected the most valuable options. In addition, the observation method and the survey method were used to obtain student reflection on the classes conducted. The novelty of the work lies in the development and implementation of the author's methodology for teaching Oriental disciplines in a classical university based on the continuity of courses and interdisciplinary interaction, which can be used both in full-time and in distance format. The cooperation of teachers of Oriental disciplines of IMOMI N.I. Lobachevsky State University is aimed at developing and achieving common goals, creating didactic and psychological conditions in which a student can show not only intellectual and cognitive activity, but also a personal social position, his individuality, express himself as a subject of learning. At the same time, teachers of Oriental disciplines carry out the continuity of courses not only from the point of view of the content of the material, but also from the point of view of the choice of teaching methods. The presented experience may be useful to teachers of other universities.