DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.13454

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65909

Abstract: The article is devoted to the professor of the Faculty of Journalism Vsevolod Nikolaevich Ruzhnikov. He is already deceased but his students, colleagues and young researchers still remember him. He lives in memories of the people who knew him as an unordinary man, a major scientist and a wonderful enthusiastic teacher. Even among famous scientists who have worked for the faculty in different years, he excelled in dignity, commitment to his profession and the feeling of his duty as a teacher. Historians and philologists of different universities often mention Vsevolod Ruzhnikov in their thesis papers and recognize his distinguished achievements. The author of the present article Pavel Gurevich uses the method of historicism in his research. Gurevich tries to recapture the episodes from life and activity of Ruzhnikov. Together they worked on the chronicles of the Soviet radio broadcasting using the method of diligent accumulation of historical facts and their interpretation. The novelty of the article is caused by the author’s attempt to describe the man who worked for both USSR Gosteleradio and the Department of Radio and Television Broadcasting. People like Vsevolod Ruzhnikov always leave a remarkable trace. Gurevich has tried to describe him as a man, teacher and researcher with the most admirable qualities. Special attention is paid to Ruzhnikov’s scientific researches. Without any doubts, Ruzhnikov was a diligent and distinctive historian of Russian broadcasting.

Keywords: radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, teacher, educator, print media, science, introversion, decency, emotional sensitivity, memory.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.13289

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65910

Abstract: The subject under review of the present research article is the project ‘Scientific Sphere’ (1783) as one of the utopian writings of a rather unknown writer of the Age of Enlightenment, editor of the Parnassian Vedomosti Journal Ivan Trevogin. Despite the fact that was the unique writing, so far only the autobiography of the ‘projector’ has been published. Trevogin’s projects have been mentioned only partly in the research literature. One of his least-known writings is ‘Scientific Sphere’ or ‘Branch of Knowledge’. Meanwhile, that was one of the earliest writings of Ivan Trevogin. Despite its utopianism, this is a very important writing because it reflects peculiarities of education and science of Russia during the ruling of Catherine the Great. The project is viewed in terms of legislative reforms of Catherine the Great which is quite an unusual approach for the humanities. Besides Ivan Trevogin’s writings, Rostovtseva has also analyzed a number of sources on the history of Russian law such as Nakaz (1767) and ‘Edict on Establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences’ (1783). The novelty of the offered method has allowed to significantly change traditional views on Trevogin’s utopian projects and show their dependence on the legislative policy of the Enlightened Absolutism. In fact, the writing was devoted to Catherine the Great and it is no accident that the writing had the same date as the establishing of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These and other facts have allowed to conclude that the Imperial Majesty’s Edit of 1783 and activities performed by St. Petersburg Academy could have a significant influence on Ivan Trevogin’s writing.

Keywords: Ivan Trevogin, utopian project, enlightened absolutism, legislation, Catherine the Great, Nakaz, or Instruction, of the Catherine the Great, Russian Academy of Sciences, Age of Enlightenment, Imperial Majesty’s Edict, Branch of Knowledge.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.13521

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65911

Abstract: Social consequences of the convergence of science and technology (CKTS) are the grounds of the progress in the 21st century. The analysis of social consequences of convergence allows to study the problems which can’t be studied using methods of special sciences as well as to create new skills, technologies and knowledge thereupon. To summarize, it should be noted that CKTS can appear at all levels of knowledge, technology and society and, as a rule, is a result of ongoing integration processes and interdisciplinary interactions. Today convergence is at the cutting age of scientific and technological development and promises to become of the main integrative spheres of knowledge and the transforming force as it already happened to information technologies and nanotechnologies. The main research methods include convergence of knowledge, technologies and society (CKTS), nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive and social humanitarian technologies, science and technology studies or science, technology and society (STS), social and economic risks, science and education. According to Baksansky, CKTS initiative may have an influence on all aspects of social life, from improving education to raising the basic level of health, from achieving environmental sustainability to encouraging innovation-based development of the economy. Convergence has very promising prospects such as gaining new knowledge, creating new ideas, materials and technologies. Its influence on everyday life will be immensely positive, especially in such spheres as education, work, development and life of population. Social convergence has potentials for a significant and efficient improvement of human abilities, increase of the economic competitive ability and guarantee of safe life activity.

Keywords: CKTS approach, NBICS technologies, STS approach, world view, science, education, social consequences, human potential, development strategy, system approach, social and economic risks, IT infrastructure.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.14016

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65912

Abstract: The article contains a systematic description of some structures of mathematical problems that have proved to be efficient in teaching mathematics such as neighborhood of inversed problems which are meant to improve schoolers’ understanding of a relationship between values given in a problem. Abramova offers her own approach to teaching mathematics based on using inversion of mathematical problems in the process of solving them. According to Abramova, this will allow to enrich teaching methods and to carry out a goal-oriented development of thinking flexibility as an important intellectual quality. Abramova has performed theoretical and methodological analysis of all existing definitions of the term ‘inversed problem’. She underlines prospects and possibilities of using inversed problems in teaching mathematics at school. According to Abramova, this would make their mathematical education complete. The researcher also defines the semantic difference between ‘inversed problem’ and ‘inverse problem’. She describes their material expression in the form of model structures and gives examples of a direct, inverse and inversed problems as well as recommendations on their construction. Abramova also describes the inversion procedure for mathematical problems, defines the main stages of this procedure, gives recommendations regarding each stage and develop an algorithm for an independent inversion of a mathematical problem by a schooler.

Keywords: mathematical problems, inversion of problems, inverse problems, modern (contemporary) teaching technologies, inversion procedure, flexible thinking, algorithmic instructions, problem structure, teaching method, schoolers.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.13034

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65913

Abstract: The article is devoted to the scientific biography of an outstanding engineer and a major scientist Viktor Ilyich Varshavsky. Levin describes some peculiarities of Varshavsky’s scientific wok and the influence of his family relations, friends, close people and colleagues thereon. Levin also provides an overview of the main achievements of Varshavsky in science (automata theory, computing technology, threshold logic and artificial intelligence) and engineering (asynchronous circuit technology). Levin also analyzes Varshavsky’s scientific and pedagogical activity and its influence on the development of the Soviet and Russian technology science. He creates the image of Varshavsky as a man and citizen. Levin also traces back the connection between researches of his creative team and modern researches in the sphere of computing technology and artificial intelligence. The basis of the present research involves memories of Varshavsky’s family members, friends, close people and colleagues as well as Levin’s own remembrances. Levin also provides impressions of this great scientist shared by the aforesaid people. Levin has collected data and appraisals of Varshavsky regarding different sides of his life and work such as science, engineering, literature, teaching and etc. Based on Levin, researches of Varshavsky and his students in the sphere of computing technology (so called ‘asynchronics’) could have changed this sphere significantly if only they were put to practice. However, it was practically impossible to fulfill their ideas in life.

Keywords: Viktor Ilyich Varshavsky, scientific biography, threshold logic, automata theory, asynchronics, artificial intelligence, scientist’s personality, arrangement of science, computing technology, homogenous structures.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.13676

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65914

Abstract: The article is devoted to the role of patriotic up-bringing of schoolers in the system of secondary education. Despite the rapidly growing number of researches of teenagers and youth in general, the problem of teaching patriotism is still understudied and requires further researches. The authors of the present article describe the factors that define the significance of patriotic up-binging in the course of school education and the place of patriotism in the system of values of the modern society. The main research methods used by the authors involve theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of the sources of Russian academic literature on social studies, teaching and psychology. The authors view the main theoretical grounds of the process of patriotic up-bringing in the course of receiving secondary education. As a result of the research, the authors discover the patriotic up-bringing of school students have a great importance for the further development of the Russian society and our country in general and underestimation of the role of patriotic up-bringing may lead to the drastic weakening of social, economic, cultural, moral and spiritual grounds o the society and the state.

Keywords: patriotic up-bringing, patriotism, public spirit, school education, citizenship, humanism, secondary education, teaching patriotism, citizen, state.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.12629

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65915

Abstract: The present article is devoted to studying the experience of foreign states in using entertaining activities for solving problems of arranging and performing entertainment of children at sports and health centers as the part of measures preventing deviant and delinquent behavior. Pozdnyakova performs the analysis of European and American experience in entertaining activities involving children as well as the experience of a number of foreign states (both developed and developing countries). Pozdnyakova develops a set of recommendations on how to use foreign experience of entertaining activities with the involvement of underage children at sports and health centers for children in the Russian Federation. The researcher has used the following research methods: comparative analysis and historical analysis, associations, logical, statistical and sociological analysis and synthesis.

Keywords: deviant behavior, delinquent behavior, organization, functioning, foreign experience, the system of preventive measures, sports and health center for children, entertaining activity, problems.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.14009

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.3.65916

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes ideological sources of modern popular culture. Bueva addresses to the initial differences between elite and popular cultures and views the problem in terms of a quite unusual topic – the process of cultural expansion. Indeed, the development of contemporary mass media again and again raises the question about transformation and uni􀏔ication of the entire system of information 􀏔lows and expansion of culture and education. Bueva provides Karl Marx’ and Friedrich Engels’ ideas about the role of the means of mass in􀏔luence on people. Bueva also uses historical data and analyzes ideas offered by Vladimir Lenin, Nadezhda Krupskaya and Anatoly Lunacharsky. Much attention is paid to the social-critical aspect of mass communication. The method of historical analysis used by the author allows to study the genesis and development of the problem as it was created at the Age of Enlightenment. The author has also used polemic techniques when analyzing the concepts of mass communication. The novelty of the problem is caused by the fact that researchers usually pay special attention to the contents of mass communication and speci􀏔ic in􀏔luence of different channels of mass in􀏔luence on the audience. The mechanisms of the cultural expansion have never been a topic of such intensive analysis before.

Keywords: education, teaching, communication, mass communication, culture, spiritual values, information, society, radio broadcasting, television.