DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.13012

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65467

Abstract: The article is devoted the phenomenon of Bildung as the problem of education. This theme dates back to Immanuel Kant who related teaching to the general concept of philosophical anthropology. A German philosopher emphasized the great importance of the phenomenon of enlightenment and tried to describe the process of self-cultivation. After Kant the term became very popular in social and teaching literature. Adherents of self-cultivation (Bildung) have viewed a number of important didactic issues including the relation between ‘knowledge’ and ‘understanding’, between rationality and irrationality, ability to develop mental skills and to use conceptual thinking. Self-cultivation covers a wide range of issues related to both morals and one’s cognitive experience. Bildung would be impossible without developing the main provisions of the philosophical concept of human. The article is based on the principles of analytical philosophy. Psychology and mechanisms describing mental processes are becoming especially important for ef􀏔icient self-cultivation. Pavel Gurevich also uses the main ideas of social philosophy describing the role of the social being in denoting human as a special type of creation. The novelty of the problem is in the fact that the phenomenon of ‘self-cultivation’ is rather understudied in Russian literature. Pavel Gurevich also criticizes some modern researches that do not see a fundamental difference between animal and human. He also proves the provision that the social guarantees but does not constitute the existence of mind. People acquire rational abilities through Bildung but Bildung does not necessarily realize these abilities. They are not determined by the same relations that de􀏔ine our social ties with others. Conceptual abilities can be acquired only through being involved in social practice.

Keywords: pedagogy, education, teaching, Bildung, spirituality, knowledge, understanding, rationality, intuition, personal enhancement.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.12548

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65468

Abstract: The subject under research is the main trends and principles of educational technologies which will be demanded in the medium and long term under the conditions of the globalizing market of educational services and labor market in general. As a result of a number of professions, specialties and quali􀏔ications being eliminated in the near future as well as a rapidly growing global competition in the sphere of education, Russian universities have to study these tendencies and prepare for ‘education of the future’ which principles are described in the present article. Regional peculiarities, individual educational path and application of modern distant technologies are all the reality of the near future of education at modern universities. The main research method used by the authors is the conceptual analysis and scienti􀏔ic assessment of representative expressions of political leaders, policy papers of the leading actors on the market of educational services and modern futurologists and sociologists in the sphere of education. The authors of the article have summarized their own experience in distance education and 􀏔ield research in the Northern and Arctic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The scienti􀏔ic novelty of research is related to the integration of policies or conceptual principles and experience of particular distance education projects carried out at Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University Named After V. P. Asta􀏔iev. Strategic planning in the sphere of educational technologies is accompanied with practical elaborations according to the Mega-Lesson and Hyper-Brain methods that are being tested in the Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Keywords: education, future, strategies, globalization, futurology, distant technologies, Krasnoyarsk Krai, professional competences, the North, labor market.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.12499

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65469

Abstract: The subject under research is the relation between stabilization and variable processes and elements of the educational system of an individual’s socialization. The breaking of traditional bonds leads to the crisis of an educational institution and combination of elements generated by globalization processes creates the system of education and up-bringing of a new unstable type. As an example, the author of the article chooses the dialectic and heuristic approaches which, if balanced, have a positive in􀏔luence on selecting certain forms and methods and activities performed by an educational institution in the age of globalization. Research methods used by the author include the dialectic method of universal bonding and development of educational and social activities of an educational institution. The scienti􀏔ic novelty of research is in the provision about the crisis and shift of technical and humanitarian education. This provision has been scienti􀏔ically founded by the author in his numerous researches. In the age of globalization systems that have qualities of all their elements including didactic and heuristic components have a good chance of survival.

Keywords: up-bringing, teaching, globalization, didactic method, knowledge, crisis, personality, education, cognitive need, socialization, educational institution.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.12628

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65470

Abstract: The article is devoted to contemporary issues of arranging and performing entertaining activities in sports and health centers for children as part of the system of measures aimed at prevention of deviant and delinquent behavior. The research article contains a complete analysis of procedural, institutional and functional problems of arranging and performing entertaining activities at sports and health centers for children and provides a classi􀏔ication of these problems offered by the author of the article. The author also studied the reasons of the aforesaid problems and described the causes, contents and basic features thereto. In her research Uliana Pozdnyakova used the following scienti􀏔ic research methods: statistical method, method of historicism, comparative law research methods, functional method, comparison, analysis and surveys. The author of the present article de􀏔ines and formalizes the main modern functional, procedural and institutional problems of developing and performing entertaining activities at sports and health centers for children as part of the measures aimed at preventing deviant and delinquent behavior. The author also offers her own classi􀏔ication of the aforesaid problems and describes their causes, contents and main features.

Keywords: deviant, delinquent, behavior, arrangement, functioning, scope of preventive measures, sports and health center, society, entertaining activity, problems.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.12631

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65471

Abstract: The article describes life and academic and teaching activity of a world-known Soviet scientist Leonard Rastrigin. The article offers his detailed scienti􀏔ic biography and fully describes Rastrigin’s academic activity and 􀏔indings. Much attention is paid to his work as a scienti􀏔ic supervisor of post-graduate students and students for a doctor’s degree as well as his teaching activity. The author of the article provides memories of him shared by his colleagues and students. Much attention is also paid to Leonard Rastrigin’s personality and fate. The article contains a full list of all his published books as well as a general description of his numerous minor works including articles, speeches, reviews, theses, popular scienti􀏔ic books and etc. The present research of Rastrigin is based on the analysis of Leonard Rastrigin’s scienti􀏔ic, methodological and popular scienti􀏔ic works. The author also uses memories of Rastrigin shared by his colleagues and students including the author himself. The present research article is the 􀏔irst one in scienti􀏔ic literature to describe the academic, teaching and popular scientific activity of a distinguished scientist and a brilliant person – professor Leonard Rastrigin (1929–1998) and his dramatic life full of con􀏔licts with Soviet bureaucrats. The main conclusions made by the author: 1. Leonard Rastrigin was a major scientist and a founder of the theory of random search, a new ef􀏔icient method of managing complex systems. 2. He was also a distinguished organizer of scienti􀏔ic researches even though he did not hold a major administrative position and an excellent teacher and a supervisor of post-graduate students and students for a doctor’s degree. He trained a great number of PhDs and Doctors of Science.

Keywords: Leonard Rastrigin, scientist, science writer, educator, random search, Monte Carlo method, cybernetics, scienti􀏔ic biography, scientist’s personality.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.12624

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65472

Abstract: The subject under research is Adam Smith’s views on the development of science and education since the Ancient Times till the Early Modern Period. We usually think of Adam Smith as an economist but in fact he studied moral aspects of economic management paying special attention to the overall improvement of human moral qualities. Following Adam Smith, the author of the present article compares educational and scienti􀏔ic achievements of ancient Greeks and Romans and analyzes educational processes going on in Europe in the Middle Age and Early Modern Period. The author of the present article uses the method of materialistic dialectics and empiric analytical techniques combining induction and deduction. Each approach is used by the author in an appropriate case or relation. The author of the article also describes the process of the development of Adam Smith’s views on science, education, law and philosophy. Adam Smith paid special attention to achievements in the sphere of science and education in Ancient Greece and Rome. He believed Newton’s theory to be the best example of a scienti􀏔ic theory and he also believed it to be a good methodological guideline for other branches of science, for example, moral philosophy Adam Smith was so interested in. By analyzing theories of Adam Smith, Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton, the author of the present research article draws parallels between modern processes of reformation of Russian science and education.

Keywords: science, education, law, utopianism, Caesar, competition, Galileo, Newton, reformation of education, bureaucracy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.13030

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65473

Abstract: All the variety of social theories can be conditionally divided into the two groups depending on what they view as the priority. There have been social philosophers who base their theories on the main provision that the main value is the society but not an individual or personality. Such philosophers believed that the entire social organization may break down if we give free rein to particular personalities. This was the same reason why Plato was so concerned about an ‘established order’ which should be followed by people in his ‘ideal state’. However, there are social philosophers, mostly existential ones, who put personality but not society in the 􀏔irst place. They believe that the history is made by personalities. The author of the present article compares these two approaches and describes positive and negative sides of both. The author bases his research on the methodology of social philosophy and methods of analysis of social dynamics mechanisms. At the same time, the author also applies methods of philosophical anthropology. The novelty of the article is in describing a fundamental different of the above mentioned two approaches based, in particular, on researches of a famous American sociologist Edward Tiryakian. At the same time, the author also tries to describe the main trends in modern social philosophy and social studies. She underlines that rights of an individual and society can be fully recovered only by the common efforts of both social studies and philosophy.

Keywords: philosophy, social studies, society, social world, human, personality, existence, existentialism, individual.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.13008

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.2.65474

Abstract: This is the review of a book written by a famous scientist Roger Smith. In his fundamental work Roger Smith defends the status of philosophical anthropology. Based on numerous researches in philosophy, natural science and humanities, he successively creates a teaching about human nature. His position made the author of the article to refer to sources on philosophy, biology, psychology, social studies and pedagogy. That allowed to reconstruct the integrated concept of Roger Smith who insisted on the fundamental difference between natural science and humanities and emphasized the basic feature of the term ‘human nature’. By introducing the principle of human self-actualization, Roger Smith compared it to the historical knowledge. He showed that human was what the history had made him to be. In his review the author has used the methods of historical and philosophical analysis allowing to trace back the development of philosophical anthropology as a branch of science. The author also uses the hermeneutic method and axiological approach allowing to de􀏔ine the meaning of particular notions and values. The novelty of the article is in the analytical development of a detailed and deep research of Roger Smith. In his discussion the author of the review uses the terms ‘human nature’ and ‘human essence’ and analyzes the two trends in modern philosophy of anthropology – new naturalism and sociologism. He also describes the prospects of philosophical anthropology.

Keywords: philosophical anthropology, psychology, social studies, teaching, pedagogy, human nature, existence of human, nature, natural science, sociality, value.