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Abstract: This is the first part of the author’s discussion of how human values, ideals and relics have been changing over time. This part of the discussion is devoted to stoicism and hedonism as the two trends in philosophy during ancient times.

Keywords: teaching, philosophy, religion, relics, hedonism, hedonistic ideal, meaning of life.

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Abstract: The author suggests a conception of futurization of education tat is the core of the temporal aspect of education for the benefit of sustainable development. The main idea of this conception is the advancing development of education (which forms a global noospheric consciousness) compared to other spheres of activity, especially those that are connected with nature transformation, and orientation of the education process at creation a stable future for all of us. In the article the author discusses the main ideas of formation of the advancing education conception aimed at formation of noospheric intellect.

Keywords: teaching, globalization, innovation processes in education, noospheric education, education for a sustainable development, teaching, advancing education, sustainable development, futurization, developmental approach.

Abstract: The article analyzes the current system of education in the middle school as a socially important living organism from the point of view of educational purposes. The main ‘disease’ of Russian school today is its weak and disorganized teaching staff. The main issue is the increase of the prestige of a schoolteacher and creation of an interesting information environment by a team of teachers. All the other issues are secondary.

Keywords: teaching, system of education, psychology, virtual world, strategy of education, computerization, information space, Internet, system of knowledge evaluation, quality of education.

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Abstract: The term ‘attraction’ loses its universal meaning in psychoanalysis nowadays. There is a need in other terms for describing more abstract features. The author suggests the term ‘principle of a psychic event’. Some features of pre-genital character have a controversial meaning, too. The author describes the genesis of the principle of reality contestant to the principle of pleasure. The conflict of principles makes a significant influence on formation of pre-genital characters. The author of the article also makes a few remarks about the origin and development of a religious feeling and religions in general. Due to their functions formed by the principle of reality, our consciousness is attracted to death. The author also views how the conflict of principles influences the development of creative skills. The author makes an assumption that distortion of the process of formation of the principle of reality may cause a mental disease, in particular, schizophrenia and autism. The article also contains remarks about teaching and upbringing persons with suicide tendencies.

Keywords: teaching, religion, character, development, creativity, denial, death, principle, attraction, psychoanalysis.

Abstract: The article provides a critical review of the modern system of education and analyzes the main lines of research. When we choose this or that method of education, we also choose a model of a student. Moreover, education forms the model of metacognition as well, i.e. processes of understanding of cognition mechanisms used by people in general and by an individual in particular. Educating has always been an active tool of personality formation — the main social function of education.

Keywords: teaching, philosophy of education, methodology of education, systems of education, models of education, bases of teaching activity, functions of education, cognitive picture of the world, culture and education, cognition and metacognition.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to the main priorities of family up-bringing described by famous educators at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century — Karintsev, Fesenko and Blonsky. The article provides a primary analysis of the educators’ views that lie in the basis of the humanistic model of family up-bringing (hierarchical, emotive, cognitive, axiological and activity components). The author of the article defines the key priorities for this particular model. At the end of the article it is concluded that family up-bringing described by Russian educators is a topical issue nowadays because it touches upon a very important problem of humanistic family up-bringing of new generations.

Keywords: teaching, family, parenthood, up-bringing, humanism, model, Karintsev, Fesenko, Blonsky, education.

Abstract: The article provides a brief summary of new and contemporary foreign scientific literature devoted to the idea of freedom and liberalism in Western philosophy. The author considers English and German sources majority of which have never been read by the Russian audience. The purpose of this review is to describe the main approaches and methods used by Western researchers in interpretation of such a basic category of human existence as the freedom.

Keywords: teaching, freedom, liberalism, philosophy, human, society, state institution, Germany, England, USA.

Abstract: From the point of view of interactions between the system ‘human within nature’ and ‘nature within human’ fresh water is viewed as a nano-fundation for human health and existence. The author touches upon an escalated scientific and social need in creation of an integral natural philosophical nano-conception of water covering all the aspects of today’s global problems of human and humankind, first of all, the problem of health and healthy life style in an information-based society.

Keywords: teaching, science, human, water, water solutions, autonomous isotopy of hydrogenium and oxygen, light water and its biological features, water and human health.