DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43556

Abstract: The article reflects the intermediate results of a study conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th century)". Within the framework of this publication, the authors raise the question of the need to study and comprehend the unique layer of regional architecture - the preserved wooden buildings of the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the city of Chita. Based on data from field surveys, the study of scientific literature and Internet resources, as well as data obtained in the course of work in the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a systematic picture of the historical evolution of the wooden building of the city from the moment it was founded to the events of the October Revolution and the Civil War is presented for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the problems of developing the planning structure of the city and the ratio of wooden and stone buildings at different stages of its development. The features of the space-planning organization of buildings and structures of various typologies, the transformation of methods of decorative design of street facades and their dependence on the location of objects in the structure of the urban fabric are considered. Data are given on the creative and professional activities of a number of architects, engineers and other masters of architectural and construction art who worked in Chita in the period under review and who had a significant impact on the formation and development of the city's wooden buildings, as well as the spread of various architectural styles.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.41041

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.3.36507

Abstract: This article presents the materials of the research conducted by the author within the framework of the scientific project “Architects and Engineers of the Eastern Suburbs of Russia” (late XIX – early XX century)". The paper touches upon the spheres and results of activity of the graduates of Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering, who worked in Yakutsk in the pre-October period. Brief biographical records are provided on the following civil engineers: A. N. Aristov, N. V. Baumgarten, G. F. Katsienko, A. I. Kudryavtsev, K. A. Leshevich, G. V. Rozen, I. F. Tamulevich, and V. A. Shkalin. The significance of the preserved objects of artistic heritage of the graduates of Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering in the site development of the historical core of Yakutsk is described. Based on the field surveys and archival findings, the author presents the holistic picture of creative and professional activity of the graduates of Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering who worked in Yakutsk in the late XIX – early XX centuries. It is established that the administrative, urban planning and creative activity of civil engineers associated with routine work in the local government  bodies, coordination and planning of the projects of facilities of various purposes, had a considerable impact upon the development of regional architecture, and as well as new construction technologies of the large public buildings in the conditions of permafrost.