Politics and Society - rubric State and civil society

Abstract: Is the federal system of constitutional justice a panacea of all evils? Having reviewed this problem, D.N. Sergeev came to a conclusion, that, while not being able to become a defining factor in the change of the structure of the Russian state, constitutional justice is capable of optimizing the federal system in the Russian Federation and strengthening the ties between the subjects of the Federation, making the relations between the Federation and its subjects more symmetric.

Abstract: The current Russian reforms greatly influence various elements of the social sphere, such as provision of aid to socially unprotected categories of citizens, searching for an optimum balance between the public government and the interests of the individuals. Within this context it is of great importance to pay attention to the financial basis for the public territorial organizations… This article by A.A. Djagaryan is devoted to the problems related to this issue.

Abstract: The history of Russian parliamentarism shows how lasting is the traditional “power- centered” type of political culture is. Currently this type of political culture provides us with seemingly strong system of no-alternative power, which rot inside and fall apart. So did the Russian Empire. So did the Soviet Union. It is important to get out of the vicious circle and come to the way of democratic development.

Abstract: In the view of the author of this article, the legal transition in Russia faces the problem of political separation, which is rarely discussed, but, nonetheless, dangerous. The nature of the political separation in law is that the legal norms are used for the outside control over the political behavior, thus forming limits to political process and manipulating the political behavior.

Abstract: The specific feature of the police organization in many state has always been inclusion of militarized formations into its structure. These specialized police forces were meant for crisis situations, when the regular police forces failed to suffice. Historically, in a number of Western European states (France, Italy, Spain) there are two types of such formations, and this article includes the detailed analysis of such formations.

Abstract: In the opinion of the author of this article the existing scale of stages of development of the election system in the Russian Federation does not fully reflect the realities of the modern situation after the year 2003. In his view the period of “regular parliamentary legislation” should be divided into two independent period “pre-Reform” and “post-Reform”…

Abstract: The article considers the issue of an international legal standing of a federal state from the point of view of the norms of international law and terms of a national legislation. The author of the article gave a number of constitutional positions in modern countries regarding regulation of international activity of their members. The article contains a brief review of the norms of international law concerning the rights of federal states in the sphere of international relations. In conclusion the author described the reasons hindering a federate state from gaining an international legal standing. Key words: studies of law, legal standing, legal capacity, federation, law, legislation, constituent, constitution, agreement, custom

Abstract: This article is devoted to topical problem of increasing political nature of tax and its transformation in particular historical conditions into a political category. Keywords: political science, politics, tax, conflict, finances, Jews, religion, category, cause, result

Abstract: The main peculiarity of the Swedish Church is its broad participation in realization of state programs such as preservation of cultural heritage, overcoming consequences of crises and catastrophes, caring about graveyards. All these programs are regulated by legislation. Due to participation of the Swedish Church in those projects, the Church still remains powerful even under conditions of the general secularization in the world. Key words: studies of law, relationships between the state and the church, religious organization, theology, church law, studies of religion, Lutheranism, Protestantism, Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church

Abstract: The article is devoted to methodological bases for the political model of ideology of the state power, based on the systemic approach. As the author points out, while recognizing theoretical and practical value of systemic approach in political science, its application in the practical studies of state power is a necessity, which corresponds to the goals of development of Russian statehood. Keywords: political science, ideology, state, power, system, model, process, relations, structure, methodology

Abstract: The article is aimed at the analysis of theoretical problems of modern law and Internet at the stage of current reform, changes in the society and its subsystems, transfer of legal science into a new quality due to informatization. The author defines cyberspace, views it both from social and technical standpoints. The author studies direct and reversed connections between such matters, as positive law and cyberspace, analyzes legal problems in digital sphere. Keywords: jurisprudence, Internet, cyberspace, Web, law, Internet-law, legal formation, Internet-relations, information, technologies

Abstract: The article views the ideology of the Russian constitutionalism as the political and legal basis for multiple party memberships in Russia. The author paid special attention at the modern condition of the party system ion Russia. By analyzing the Letters of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly the author described the Russian president’s attitude to the party establishment in the Russian Federation. Key words: political science, ideology, constitutionalism, multiple party membership, parties, politics, society, civil, pluralism, democracy

Abstract: Due regulation of lobbying allows the state to create equal conditions for the groups interested in protection of their interests. The legislator should provide equal conditions for various levels of power. Lobbyism is a phenomenon of modern political and legal life, which presupposes active behavior of persons interested (both juridical and physical persons) in influence of various power bodies in order to resolve various issues. Keywords: jurisprudence, lobbyism, corruption, interests, lobbying, pressures, citizens, rights, obligations

Abstract: The article includes an attempt to understand the category of “federation”, to define it, and its elements taking their transformation in the modern world into account. The federation is analyzed as a form of political and territorial structure of the state, the specific features of the Russian model are analyzed. The institution of federation should be used to develop the Russian state, rather than using Russia as training grounds for the formation of an ideal federative model, which in turn makes this article topical. Keywords: jurisprudence, law, federation, territory, definition, element, federalism, structure, regulation, legislation

Abstract: Constitution of the Russian Federation provides for democratic, federal and legal character of Russian statehood. Much is written in the Constitution of the Russian Federation on sovereignty, right to self-determination and other key definitions of public law. Are these formulation subject to verification, and if so, to which extent? This issue is due to the fact that lately one may see the systemic crisis of traditional state institutions, since the “pillars” of the modern state — democracy, sovereignty, separation of powers — fail to meet the challenges of realities of modern and intensively changing world. The erosion of key definitions of public law yet grows, and since the constitutional legal science is a humanitarian science, definitions are important for it, losing them may be a catastrophe. Inventory of old and new myths on state and their demythologization, change of approach to them from awing and religious to strictly scientific shall support progress in search for solutions to the modern problems. Keywords: jurisprudence, state, science, law, verification, democracy, sovereignty, constitution, power, self-determination

Abstract: The article is devoted to a large and topical issue of partnership between state and private entities (SPEP). The municipal and state bodies are much interested in SPEP, so are the consulting companies, both in Russia and abroad. The author reviews types of SPEP, pays much attention to its contractual forms — concession agreement and agreement on division of products, analyzes them in detail based on their functional contents. Keywords: jurisprudence, concession, investor, state, private, partnership, entrepreneur, SPEP

Abstract: The article is devoted to some issues of legal regime of land plots, which are situated within the boundaries of zones of protection of historical and cultural heritage. The author studies “protection zoning” in the cities of federal value — Moscow and St. Petersburg. Keywords: jurisprudence, land, plot, protection, heritage, limitation, Moscow, St. Petersburg, regeneration, regime

Abstract: The article demonstrates a rather cold attitude to the idea of “consolidation of the Russian Federation constituents”. This idea has been quite famous in the law and political spheres in Russia. According to the author, it is a typical example of a simplified approach to solving very complicated problems of the federative relations in our country. The author evidently showed that it was necessary to carry out a broad federative reform. His conception is significantly proven, adjusted and meant for a long-term perspective. Key words: consolidation of the Russian Federation constituents, federal reform, national-state structure, territorial form of government, federative relations, administrative reform, constitutional reform, asymmetric federation, constituent.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the basic theoretical questions of legal regulation of the mediation institute in Russia. The author revealed the inter-disciplinary nature of the institute and described the origin and perspectives of this legal institute in Russian law enforcement. The article also contains the analysis of the central and problematic aspects of applying this form of regulation of legal conflicts in actual law enforcement. Key words: studies of law, mediation, disagreements, institute, conflict, healing measures, debate, decisions, agreements.

Abstract: The central problem of legal regulation of lobbying is to define the permissible limits of lobbying in regard to its methods of influencing the public authorities. The law on regulation of lobbying should contain permission of adequate methods and prohibition of negative methods of influence.
Key words: studies of law, lobbyism, regulation, method, positive, negative, activity, legislation, interests, rights.

Abstract: The state policy of law is aimed at establishing legal basis of developing the society and the country. It is the policy of law which determines the methods and types of legal regulation. Totalitarian state is drawn to a centralized method of legal regulation with the firm regulation of all its components. Democratic rule-of-law state provides its entities with an opportunity for independent activity based on recognized by the government and formalized in legislation freedom of a civil law treaty. In this case active intervention of the government is limited by special legal mechanisms insuring realization of permits, on one hand, and prevention of violations, on the other hand. Legal presumptions are one way to do it. In this article legal presumptions are described from the point of view of their place in formation of a certain type of legal regulation. Key words: studies of law, policy of law, system of law, method of legal regulation, type of legal regulation, regulatory measures, general permits, legal presumptions, general prohibitions, permissions.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the questions of criminal extradition based on principals and norms of the modern international law. The author based his research on European Convention on Extradition and International Legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, League of Arab States, Commonwealth of Nations and so on. Key words: studies of law, extradition of the criminal, international criminal law, international criminal justice, procedures of extradition of the criminal, European Union, Commonwealth of Independent States, League of Arab States, the Commonwealth of Nations, Latin America

Abstract: Review: the article contains a comparative analysis of the main principles of criminal, procedural criminal and penal laws of the Russian Federation with the standards of Council of Europe in the sphere of the human rights. The author studied the extent at which international standards have been realized in the mentioned spheres of criminal, procedural criminal and penal Codes. Key words: political sciences, human rights, Council of Europe, criminal law, criminal process, criminal procedure, criminal justice, penal execution, penal system, Russian Criminal Legislation, the Criminal Code

Abstract: Review: the article is devoted to a draft law of the Concept of Development of Civil Legislation. The author analyzed some positive and negative, in his opinion, points of the Conception. Key words: studies of law, Concept of Developing Civil Legislation of the Russian Federation, law, property, entities, honesty, statute, corporate relations, precontractual responsibility, ownership

Abstract: Review: the article considers Russian institutional system in the context of the Institutional Matrix Theory. The author paid special attention at a central-regional aspect of functioning of the institutional system and its influence on relations between the Center and a constituent by the example of Republic of Buryatia. Key words: studies of politics, ideology, institute, matrix, party, region, system, unitarianism, federalism, center

Abstract: Review: this article is a brief review of the main concepts of modernization, it also contains etymological definition and typology of that phenomenon. Much attention is given to one of the specific modernization processes, — modernization of the civil society. According to the author, modernization of the civil society lies at the center of all processes in a democratic state. It is especially important for the countries implementing democracy reforms. Among such countries stands out Uzbekistan, state-by-stage modernizing all spheres of public and state activities and fully realizing the principle ‘from a strong state to a strong civil society’. Besides studying the general theory of modernization, the author of the article also reviewed Uzbekistan’s experience in modernization of the civil society. The author analyzed the peculiarities of that process at a modern stage and defined the main reasons slowing down the effective realization of planned reforms in that sphere.

Keywords: political science, modernization, civil society, Westernization, Euro centrism, ‘Japanese miracle’, ‘Uzbek model’, typology of modernization, modernization processes, institutes of civil society

Abstract: Review: the article is an attempt to understand how a regional parliamentarian control functions in the Russian Federation. The author analyzed cases of legislative regulation and law enforcement in this sphere from the point of view of ‘checks and balances’ functioning in a constituent of the Russian Federation. Conclusions and suggestions are based on the study of the Russian and foreign experience of regulation and enforcement of a regional parliamentarian control.

Keywords: studies of law, law, control, function, parliament, body, powers, parliamentarian, constituent

Abstract: Review: the article is devoted to the question of creation a patent court in Russia. The author described both the economic and legal premises of formation of that specialized type of court. The author evidently showed that creation of the patent court would provide additional guarantees of fair justice and solve the problem of a full consideration of specific debated related to the topic, including the debates with the participation of experts from various spheres of science and engineering. The author pointed out what changes were necessary to be made in legislation and defined peculiarities of the patent court related to a specific legal nature of debates on intellectual property protection.

Keywords: studies of law, patent, court, copyright, intellectual, reformation, right, administrative, arbitrage, juridical service

Abstract: The article considers the conceptions of a new state management and new Weberian state as well as particularities of their realization in the European countries. The author analyzed how well the conceptions have been realized so far in Russia, in particular, in the sphere of professional retraining, advanced training of federal civil officers according to the federal law N 94 from July 21, 2005 ‘Concerning the Placing of Orders for Supplies of Goods, the Performance of Work and the Rendering of Services for State and Municipal Requirements’. The article also contains related opinions of the President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev, politicians of a few foreign states and famous researchers declared at the international conference ‘Modern State and Global Security’ held on Septemer 14, 2009 in Yaroslavl. It was underlined that there was a need to free the important spheres of effective functioning of a state society from the force of the 94 federal law and to maintain a substantial supervisory process. It was pointed out that the ‘strong government was coming back’, its role was growing up in the world and such terms as ‘national state’ and sovereignty had to be treated with much respect.

Keywords: strong government, new state management, market (managerial) type of state government, model of effective state and government, model of a new weberian state, federal law N 94 from July 21, 2005, international conference ‘Modern State and Global Security’

Abstract: This article contains an analysis of strengthening and realization of supervisory powers of legislative authorities in constituents of the Russian Federation. The author defined the main objects of regional parliamentarian supervision, described the problems existing in this sphere and made his own suggestions on how to realize every task of those powers.

Keywords: studies of law, parliamentarian, supervisory, powers, constituent, legislative, executive, realization, regional

Abstract: The article considers modern parliamentarism in the context of ideology of Russian constitutionalism. The author analyzed the role and the place of the Russian Federal Assembly chambers in the political process. It is defined that the legal and political components of the Russian Parliament’s activities are in definite conflict with each other.

Keywords: political sciences, constitutionalism, ideology, parliamentarism, society, democracy, government, legislative, executive, power

Abstract: The author of the article studied the history of presidency in Kazakhstan. The author showed specificity of that form of government. Special attention is given to the analysis of referendum in the country. Constitution is viewed as the main act of law creating and supporting the legal system.

Keywords: studies of law, presidency, regime, legitimacy, mandate, referendum, administration, people, law

Abstract: This article is devoted to the destructive activities of network against Russian Orthodox Church. The author described how such activities were arranged and showed some of its actors. The article also contains a critical analysis of some Orthodox conservative and evangelic teams and associations.

Keywords: political sciences, geopolitics, network war, network relations, information war, Orthodoxy, Russian Orthodox Church, activities against church, mass media against church, breakup

Abstract: Creation of the Christian Empire by Constantine the Great was a unique historical experiment and possibly the only example of a dying leviathan ‘healing’ itself, successfully overcoming the system problems and existing thousands of years after. History does not know the more effective political system than the one practiced in Byzantium. Byzantine civilization gave unique and important contribution to history and politics. However, it did have serious shortcomings which eventually led to the fall of the empire.

Keywords: political sciences, Byzantium, empire, Christianity, state hood, supreme power, imperator, ideology, proskinesis

Abstract: Based don the analysis of susceptibility of environmental rights of citizens and their liability to risk factors, the author suggested to add a new term ‘environmental human rights risks’ to a scientific vocabulary. The article summarizes the experience of activity by Human Rights Commissioner in the Russian Federation in the mechanism of minimization of environmental human rights risks.

Keywords: studies of law, law, legal rights, human rights risks, environmental human rights risks, human rights commissioner in the Russian Federation, right for a favorable environment, minimization, human rights system, complaint

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of creation and functioning of the mechanism of delineation of authorities between the Russian Federation and its constituents. Taking into account that delimitation of competence and authorities between a federation and its constituents is a dynamic process practically everywhere, their powers do not stay unchanged, either. The problem of delineation of authorities and responsibilities between the federal center and constituents is one of the main problems of a federation as a form of government.

Keywords: studies of law, federalism, regionalism, powers, competence, sovereignty, modernization, constitutionalism, model, control

Abstract: The article is devoted to the existing legal technologies of territorial transformations in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid at changes of the local units which inevitably leads to changes in borders of the Russian Federation constituents.

Keywords: studies of law, federalism, subject, border, territory, changes, conflict, constitution, law, referendum

Abstract: The article is devoted to the most important theoretical and methodological aspects of evolution of the institution of reception of law in the Russian legal system. The author described continuity of the Russian law and foreign legal institutions and viewed the meaning of reception as a rational way of modernization of a legal system, positive and negative sides of that process.

Keywords: studies of law, reception, legal, system, continuity, perception, adoption, acculturation, modernization, integration

Abstract: The article considers the aspects of influence of the ‘vertical of power’ on the system of a regional identity. The author viewed the mechanisms of unification of the identification matrix as well as possible consequences of such a policy.

Keywords: political science, vertical of power, identity, region, system of regional identity, construction of reality, image of a region, brand, centralization of power, time zones

Abstract: The article is devoted to the neoconservative conception of the strong state in the context of modern problems of the social and political development. The main theme of the article evolves around the analysis of origins and basic ideas of the mentioned above doctrine from the point of view of forming a new model of the social and political interaction. In the conclusion the author of the article suggested that the neoconservative conception of the strong state is one of the most important alternatives to the social and political system at modern societies.

Keywords: political sciences, neoconservatism, state, interests, democracy, pluralism, groups, law, redistribution, politics

Abstract: The article considers some issues of legal regulation of the state youth policy. In particular, the author speaks of the need in a related federal law and studies the questions of the regional and municipal law making in this sphere. It is concluded that there is a certain need in unification and systematization of the legal regulation of the state youth policy. The author describes perspectives of regulatory legal acts related to the youth issue as well as new approaches to the common vision of state policy regarding new generation, — ‘juvenile policy’

Keywords: studies of law, youth, children, state youth policy, law, age, program, society, constituents of the Russian Federation, the Orenburg Region

Abstract: This article is quite topical due to the fact that Olympics is a truly political event and a sphere of ‘non-military’ competition between countries. Anticipating Olympics in Sochi in 2014, political leaders demonstrate growing interest in political potentials of sports. One of the examples of this is a new ‘Olympic law’ changing property relations in the RF as well as involvement of sportsmen into political parties with the purpose of political advertising and legitimation of power

Keywords: political sciences, sports, sportsmen, politics, deputies, administration, government, state institution, Olympics, president

Abstract: This article is devoted to legal regulation of investment activities in energy sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The author of the article analyzes the basic legal acts regulating this sphere

Keywords: foreign investments, legislation, energy sector, Azerbaijan, gas, oil, investment climate, legal protection of an investor, subsurface resources management, energy contracts

Abstract: The article reveals the essence and structure of the political influence which is one of the most important components of politics. It is well shown that the political influence is one of the ways to help politics to realize its purposes

Keywords: politics, political influence, social government, control body, political institute, political regime

Abstract: Key attention is paid in this article to classifi cation of functions of prosecution. The author analyzes the key approaches and he offers a concept of classifi cation of functions of prosecution, taking into account the idea of macro-function and functional mechanism.

Keywords: political science, prosecution, function, macro- function, public power, mechanism, review, law-making, legislation, legal territory

Abstract: In this article based on the concept of social construction the author views bases and mechanism of inclusion of constitutionalism into the structure of political regime. In his opinion spread of political and ideological knowledge, which are formed by the regime based on correlation of goals and aims of regime and political - ideological situation, forms the basis for understanding the ideology of regime.

Keywords: political science, constitutionalism, political, regime, ideology, system, knowledge, environment, constitution, legitimacy

Abstract: This article is devoted to social responsibility of business. In spite of popularity of this topic, corporate social responsibility has not become the topic of due legal research and study. At the same time its due legal regulation is necessary, since now social responsibility of business is implemented in the legal vacuum.

Keywords: jurisprudence, corporate social responsibility, legal responsibility, positive legal responsibility, fi duciary duty, public interest, social and economic development of territory, general theory of law, social responsibility of business, legal regulation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of adequate modeling of modern election campaigns. The author offers structural and functional model, which is based on synthesis of methodology of system structural and functional analysis and the newest technologies of processing and collection of information. At the same time the author uses empirical materials from his own experience and the analytical publications of Russian and foreign specialists.

Keywords: political science, elections, campaign, system, structure, function, technology, branding, content, modeling

Abstract: The article is devoted to the topical issues of development of value systems of Russian and Western civilizations in the conditions of globalization processes. The author views global achievements in the sphere of cultural communications, and negative consequences of globalization on national culture, then gives comparative characteristics of fundamental values of the West and of Russia, defi nes perspectives of the modern state in the conditions of the universal world.

Keywords: social studies, values, value system, national culture, globalization, traditional society, technogenetic society, civilization, Russia, West

Abstract: Nature of judicial constitutional control in European countries is predetermined by peculiarities of organization and functioning of the authorities performing it – European constitutional courts. Among other features of the European model of juridical constitutional control influencing European constitutional proceedings, the author also describes: exclusivity of constitutional control in law enforcement performed by European constitutional courts, focus of constitutional control on legislative acts, material aspects of the conception of constitution and so on.

Keywords: european model of constitutional justice, European model of constitutional proceedings, constitutional court, parliament, law, constitutional control, constitutional authority, material conception of constitution, functions of constitutional control

Abstract: The article analyzes methodological opportunities of neo-institutional analysis for social study of structural problems of development of procedural democracy and its relation with transformation of a social structure of the modern society. The article well shows that it is necessary to refuse from an ideological and politicized view on development of democracy processes and we should consider democracy regimes from the point of view of their social opportunities of development. Analyzing ‘gaps’ and structural features of democracy, the author concludes that institutional processes are key processes in democratic development of the society.

Keywords: social studies, institutes, neo-institutionalism, democracy, society, structure, state institution, ideology, transitions, rationality

Abstract: Much has been done in the Russian Federation in order to build an effective migration policy. However, there is still a great number of various problems regarding this issue. Analyzing the role of civil institutions, the author underlines the importance of social and non-governmental organizations in formation and implementation of migration policy. Community Board under the Federal Migration Service is one of the new civil institutions in the sphere of migration in our country. The author describes activities held by the Community Board and summarizes its role and experience during the first three years of its work.

Keywords: political science, migration policy, migration processes, globalization, social agency, community board, labor migration, Federal Migration Service

Abstract: The article is devoted to the modern forms of private-public partnership. The author compares forms of private-public partnership both in Russia and abroad. He also describes a few weak points of private-public partnerships in Russia.

Keywords: social studies, private-public, state institution, private sector, concession, partnership, forms, law, investors, contracts

Abstract: The article considers the issues of methodology of cognition of financial law occurrences. It is underlined that there is a certain need in a systematic approach to understanding of all the complexity of financial law elements. The authors of the article also gave their own suggestions on how to develop the strategy of arranging financial law mechanisms in accordance with the purposes of state administration and financial activity of a state institution.

Keywords: studies of law, methodology, financial law, cognition, consistency, complexity, research, historicism, criteria, theory

Abstract: The article is devoted to interactions between political and ruling elites in modern Russia from the point of view of social and political transformations. The authors also described certain significant contradictions of the modern political process.

Keywords: political sciences, government, elite, state institution, interactions, contradictions, process, gender, administration, transformation

Abstract: The article analyzes the conspiracy approach to studying organizations of consolidation of the world elite. In the article this approach is divided into ‘premodern’ and ‘postmodern’. The author criticizes the mentioned above approach and suggests using other approaches instead. According to the author, we should use approaches which do not contradict to the theory and methodology of science.

Keywords: political sciences, conspiracy theory, world elite, traditional society, post-modern, revisionism, theory of elites, class-specific approach, network society, geopolitics

Abstract: This article deals with the question of contractual land lease relations in Russia from the point of view of the two Concepts. These Concepts were approved during the meeting of the President’s Council of the RF and are aimed at improvement of the RF legislation. The mentioned above Concepts also concern the aspect of property lease and are quite useful since they suggest significant changes in the RF legislation.

Keywords: studies of law, lease, land property, conception, real estate, contract, legislation, land, contractual, relations

Abstract: The article reveals the target, subject and forms of political influence and thereby – the role of politics in the system of social administration.

Keywords: political influence, social administration, administrative body, executive activity, public interests

Abstract: The article considers theoretical issues of representation and reveals peculiarities of the two main models of representation, the model of similarity and the model of substitution. The author of the article proves the need in the ‘substitution’ model in the modern context. The author also describes how the representative function of the parliaments reveals itself in modern Russia and the causes of deformation of the parliaments’ representative function.

Keywords: political science, parliament, representative, models of representation, representation as a similarity, representation as a substitution, deformation of representation, free mandate, imperative mandate (instruction), electors

Abstract: Ongoing positive changes in Russia connected with reconstruction of our state institution in economic, political and social spheres do not fully involve modern spiritual living bases of the society. It creates a certain threat and obstacles for Russia in keeping its unique place in the world and building a stable democratic society protected from destructive influence of other cultures. Despite the fact that the government undertakes the greater part of social and political functions in the process of building a secularized society, there still remain powerful religious organizations which can decently perform the government’s functions. Teaching us moral ideals and thereby solving serious social conflicts, religion has always been the most important element of social security. This is why the Russian Orthodox Church assistance in the process of solving the acutest social issues is the basic requirement for economic health of the country and political stability.

Keywords: political science, church, state institution, society, doctrine, security, stability, medicine, prison, education

Abstract: The article views the questions of law making activities in the sphere of environment protection between the Russian Federation and its constituents. The article contains a brief analysis of the federal legislation and the Russian Federation constituents’ legislation in the sphere of environment protection. Based on the analysis of the environment protection laws the author suggests certain forms of law making on the matter of joint competence.

Keywords: demography, law making, protection, environment, constituents, delimitation, matters, Constitution, law

Abstract: The article studies the nature and types of political institutions. The author of the article analyzes contradictions existing the ways political institutions are interpreted in. The article describes special features of democratic political institutions and their role in political infl uence. In conclusion the author forms the ‘political institution law’.

Keywords: political institution, political authority, democratic political institution, political infl uence, state institution, parliament, state president.

Abstract: In the modern society for many citizens Internet has become a way of satisfaction of any requirement for removal of restrictions from possibility to operate. Using the modern technologies of communication (by means of service of instant messages or Internet voting), the real possibilities of involving in process of acceptance of signifi - cant political decisions of almost all active citizens that creates conditions for original and effective national control over activity of the state and municipal authorities are given. The people thereby, can carry out the political power and realize political will directly. The communication between the political elite and the people, an interaction of political leaders with “Internet network” community most adequately corresponds to the principles of democracy and is capable to strengthen the political stability. Thus, new technologies of electronic communications infer democracy on a higher qualitative level, giving not only possibility for information interchange and direct access to it, but also just narrowing possibilities of existence of authoritative modes of board.

Keywords: democracy, the Internet, civil society, political elite, the people, network society.

Abstract: In this article the analysis of a current state of social institutes of a civil society of the Tyumen region of Russian Federation, such as regional political parties and regional social movements for revealing of tendencies of prospects of their development is carried out. The central problem of construction of institutes of interaction between a civil society and the power, reveals in aspect of a link of regional socially - political system.

Keywords: civil society, social institutes, political parties, Tyumen oblast, social movements, interaction institutes, direct democracy, elections, State power, modernization.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of legal regulation of social responsibility in business. On one hand, it is necessary to develop socially responsible behavior of economic entities which is impossible without regulation of this type of social relations in legislation. On the other hand, under the guise of social responsibility, the big business implements a so-called ‘non-standard motivation’ of public authorities and local self-government in order to get advantages when conducting a business. It also shows that there is an obvious need in legal regulation of such relations in the sphere of social responsibility. One of the most diffi cult issues of legal regulation is determination of a set of people the law applies to. In this case, the author of the article talks about determination of an ‘addressee’ of social responsibility in business. These addressees are usually called ‘stakeholders’.

Keywords: legal studies, law, corporative social responsibility, President’s Letter to the Federal Assembly of Russia, stakeholders, community of native minorities, fuel and energy industry, land properties, environment, Canadian system of law.

Abstract: The article studies the cause, grounds and origins of civil society. Based on the analysis of the essence, content and legal form of a civil society the author views its functions and institutions. Special attention is paid at the problems of self-organization of a civil society, its independence from and interactions with state institutions.

Keywords: political science, civil, society, state, institution, self-organization, independency, function, interaction, law.

Abstract: The article studies the essence and types of political regime, its role in realization of political infl uence. The author describes contradictions in interpretations of political regimes. In particularly, it is shown that political regime and democratic regime are two different social regimes. The article reveals peculiarities and types of democratic political regimes. The author also formulates the political regime law.

Keywords: politics, political power, political infl uence, political regime, authoritarian regime, totalitarian regime, democratic regime, democratic political regime, state institution.

Abstract: In given article the author reveals, studies and systematizes the basic social and political theories in conditions of genesis and evolution of actors positions of subjects of a civil society. The author pays the basic attention on the conceptual and methodological bases of considered theories and to development of subjects of a civil society in historical dynamics. The period of studies begins in IV – V b.c. and comes to an end today. It gives us the an objective and wide vision of a question. The main idea of the article is that we can form the civil society, only from point of view of actors functioning in state.

Keywords: actor, state, society, public organizations, civil society, rights and freedoms, political parties, trade unions, social institutions, environment, social and political theories

Abstract: The parties for rendering legal help in cases of raider takeovers are cited and investigated in this article. The legal description is given to the concerned parties, and their proxies are analyzed. Also, the conclusions about effi ciency of rendering legal help to each investigated party in the concerned case category are made.

Keywords: legal adviser, lawyer, the code of lawyer professional ethics, legal establishments, legal advice.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of relevance of imposition of administrative sanctions for violation of custom rules. The author insists on necessarily literal interpretation of norms of administrative responsibility. According to the author, extended interpretation of norms regulating administrative responsibility shall not be allowed.

Keywords: law, administrative, responsibility, violation, custom, interpretation, norm, transit, territory, border.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems arising when arbiters of the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation follows the algorithm of the choice of applicable law based on the experience of foreign states and international forums. The article analyzes the confl ict of will and expression of will by holders of right in the light of reservation of rights applicable to private law deals, - in the fi rst place, the problem of the choice of law by the parties. The author also analyzes the problem of using the legal rules by arbiters when there is no choice of applicable law by the parties of a contract.

Keywords: law, international private law of Russia, international commercial arbitration, applicable law, International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Fe, International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, Spain, choice-of-law clause, arbitrage clause, rules governing choice of laws.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the structure of rewarding. Special attention is paid at a typological description of offi cial and social rewarding as the most important elements. Comparative analysis of offi cial and social rewards allows to determine their social and legal role.

Keywords: law, reward, faleronim, encouragement, offi cial, social, state, municipal, public.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.10.24291

Abstract: This article examines the factors of occurrence of social conflict between medicine and population in the context of transformation of the society, economic and legal reforms. The author highlights the objective reasons of emergence of the social conflict, which escalate under the influence of the factors of external and internal environment. The key factors imply the modernization and economic reforms in healthcare, impact of the world globalization, social stratification, information technologies, depreciation of individual value orientations, affordability of medical services, and degraded status of a physician in modern society. The article reveals a subject field of dynamics of the sociology of conflict in the area of medicine, as well as carries out a systemic analysis of the objective factors of macrosphere and microsphere that contribute into its development in the Russian society. The author determines the genesis of causal connections of the occurrence of social conflict and driving factors of its development during the period of transformation of the society. Preventative measures on reducing the escalation of social conflict between medicine and population are being proposed. The topic at hand is relevant because the rapidly progressing social conflict between medicine and society concerns each individual, and health of the nation is the foundation of wellbeing of the Russian society. The emergence of social conflict reduces the quality and promptness of rendering medical help to the population. Low quality of medical services, rudeness, neglect, and corruption in medicine cause particular alarm of the population. All of the above leads a sick person to self-treatment. Medical community also experiences crisis, which is reflected in the downgrade in prestige of the profession and inadequate motivation of labor in the conditions of social stratification.

Keywords: society, healthcare, globalization, population, medicine, factors, escalation, Social conflict, stratification, transformation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2019.5.28605

Abstract: In modern society, including Russian, the number of citizens expressing discontent with the forms of government’s response to social requests is constantly growing. The article attempts to analyze the levels of correlation between social conflicts and political protest. The corresponding analysis is conducted on the basis of extensive factual and scientific material, particularly considering the recent events in the indicated spheres; the focus is made on the countries with “transitional types” of social institutions, characterized by the absence of effective institutions for controlling political protest. The following methods were applied in the course of this research: historical (studying the dynamics of social conflicts in relation to the dynamics of political protests), institutional (studying the interaction between the government, social and other institutions on social conflicts and political protest), as well as system and sociological methods. The novelty and practical importance of this work lie in the attempt to reveal such correlation and its levels using the scientific tools, as well as explore possible application of the acquired information for controlling the political protest in modern society, including the use of innovative methods. The author draws a principal boundary between the concepts of “political subject” and “subject of politics”; examines the concept of “political poverty” and phenomenon of its “self-reproduction”.

Keywords: social infrastructure, political poverty, social deprivation, political protest, conflict management, civil society, power, Social conflict, political interest, social mediation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2019.4.30057

Abstract: The object of this research is the state administration as a communication process between the government and groups of interests with regards to allocation of public goods through executive decision-making. The subject of this research is the GR-technologies as a communicative element of the state administration mechanism. The scientific novelty consists in description of administrative nature of GR as an effective technique of forecasting and promotion of requests of the groups of interests within the mechanism of political decision-making. For substantiating their opinion the authors examines the universal models of communication between the society and groups of interests, national practices of their implementation, as well as merits and demerits. Research methodology contains the factor analysis for determining the specificity and mechanisms for coordinating private and general interests within the system of state administration of different countries. Comparative analysis and diagnostics of the efficiency of ongoing processes of functionality of state administration systems of various countries with the use of GR-management opens up new opportunities for application of marketing technologies in the modern state administration. Leaning on the analysis of foreign practices, the authors determine the possibilities for implementation of the instruments of GR-management in the modern system of state administration in Russia, taking into account the national specificity; as well as formulate practical recommendations that allow considering positive experience along with minimizing negative moments.

Keywords: nation state, GR-management, promotion, positioning, communication, making decision mechanism, public management, efficient management, government relations, civic society

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.6.8096

Abstract: In the course of the European integration the influence of the external political factors on financial and econonomical issues became more and more obvious. Furthermore, it became clear that there is need for the unified foreign policy, which meant a development from the sheer economical union to the political union among the European states. This article by Zh. M. Kembayev is devoted to the legal basis of the “second pillar” of the European Union: unified foreign policy and national security policy.

Abstract: Some of existing problems of the Russian Federation are of historical character and are developing overtime. They are well known, and some of them have now become the objects of the so-called “national projects”. This is a new practice in the Russian Federation, and while it has many aspects, it certainly does have legal nature and mirrors the functioning of the state.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the origins of the Russian social and political identity. Unlike Western logic which interrelate the terms "property", "status", "wealth", "prestige" and so on, in Russian mentality the term "property" is closely related to the term "power". The author of the article analyzes mental peculiarities of political identity taking into account specific civilization features of nations and societies.

Keywords: Politologiya, politicheskaya identifikatsiya, mentalitet, Religiya, rossiiskii mentalitet, pravoslavie

Abstract: Education has always thought to be a social sphere created and supported by the state institution for its society. This article makes an attempt view the process of modernization of education in a different light and to answer the question on how the education reform may refl ect the interest of the civil society which is being formed in Russia now.

Keywords: studies of law, state institution, society, education, modernization, legislation, power, democracy, law, systematization.

Abstract: Reinforcement of the Ruling Party and raise of its electoral effi ciency from one electoral period to another occurred only when the ruling class extended its functions and invested funds in it. The more dividends the ruling class gets from the Ruling Party, the more funds it is ready to invest in the party (including administrative resources). The opposite tendency is there, too: The Ruling Party is interested in getting as many investments as necessary. It readily accept stem, undertake new functions and try to be effective. To a certain extent, it is the channel allowing new people to join the ruling class. For the Party is the guide of interests of both the ruling class and the groups this party is based on – political bureaucracy and middle layers of offi cials.

Keywords: political science, party, power, class, resources, elections, nomenclature, politics, bureaucracy, offi cials.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the modern conception of democracy. In this article democracy is viewed in the following aspects: in a wide and narrow sense of the word, direct and representative, declared and real democracy, democracy touching upon all spheres of social life as well as democracy limited to just a few social spheres. The author studies the problems of democracy in the Russian Federation and conducts a comparative analysis of some aspects of democracy in Russia and European countries, in particular, Germany.

Keywords: democracy, democracy in a wide sense of the word, democracy in a narrow sense of the word, direct democracy, representative democracy, declared democracy, real democracy, budget process, local self-government.

Abstract: The socio-political, cross-scale problems of resource management affect and depend on the institutionalization of the decision making at local, regional, national and transnational levels. The most suitable recipe for solving problems of natural resource management is to develop mechanisms of control, divided by levels of social and institutional aggregation. Such control mechanisms will contribute to the development of trade-offs, social learning and creating a more transparent and representative of informal decision-making mechanisms. Increasingly, in the process of formation mechanisms of natural resource management involves non-state actors: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), transnational corporations, international organizations and the academic community. New actors are a source of introduction of innovative tools and mechanisms of regulation by promoting the positive trends in the power relations in the political arena.

Keywords: Natural resources, environment, governance, globalization, international regimes, decentralization policy, co-management

Abstract: The paper analyzes two main interrelated types of control in the social sphere and in the production (the management of social organizations and enterprises, companies, etc.). The article deals with problems that forces management to improve in these areas (lack of good governance, corruption and rent construction, an increase in the number of management personnel, the opacity and complexity of activities). The authors state that there is no progress in reforming governance. In this regard, the essence of management is discussed. The authors show that the Russian system of governance is infl uenced by such factors as the conceptualization of governance in the Western models, the weakness of the society, selfi sh ruling elite not really interested in the reforms. The authors discuss a way out of this situation.

Keywords: cultural studies, management, improvement, reality, elite, society, state, activity, reform, knowledge

Abstract: The article studies the nature and types of political process and its place and role in the political sphere. The author of the article describes certain contradictions in interpretation of the term ‘political process’. It is shown that the political process and political development are the two different types of political influence. The author describes particular features of democratic political process and formulates the law of political process as one of the laws of political influence.

Keywords: politics, social management, political infl uence, political process, democratic political process, authoritarian political process, state political process, administrative decision.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.1.54001

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes evolution of regulatory and legal environment for building a civil society and traces back theoretical, legal and historical grounds and development trends. The author also describes the legal stages of formation of social associations and organizations closely related to building a civil society and a law-ruled state. This creates an opportunity for further development of legal civil relations and formation of a law-ruled state institution.

Keywords: legal studies, evolution of regulatory and legal framework, legal and historical grounds, stages of formation of social associations and organizations, building a civil society and a law-governed state, law-governed state, state and society, legal framework, legal stages, regulatory framework.

Abstract: At the current stage of development of Russian state, it is especially important to pay attention to an effective constitutional legal policy. As it was truly noted by the Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation V.D. Zorkin, “this sphere is hardly well-established”. That is why, as the author points out, it is quite important to give an adequate analysis of the constitutional legal policy as a category, with due attention paid to its content.

Abstract: The article gives an analysis of the legal basis of interactions between member states of the Council of Europe in the sphere of Justice. The author analyzes both the conventional and out-conventional law of the Council of Europe which organizes cooperation between the member states of the Council of Europe in the sphere of justice. The article contains a comparative analysis of the tools of organization of cooperation in the sphere of justice created by the Council of Europe with similar tools created by European law. The author concludes that cooperation between member states of the Council of Europe in the sphere of justice is a classical form of international cooperation.

Keywords: ouncil of Europe, conventional law, cooperation in the sphere of justice, classical cooperation, criminal justice, interaction in the sphere of justice, European law, member states of the EC.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2018.12.28337

Abstract: This article examines the questions pertinent to the theoretical category of the form of government. Currently, within the national legal literature prevails the elementary approach that suggests distinguishing the form of government and the political regime. The author determines the need in updating such approach. The political-legal processes demonstrate the increased correlation between the indicated elements of the forms of government, which no longer allows considering them as the independent substances. Therefore, the theory of state and law must implicitly shift towards systemic approach, which takes into account the interaction of the categories and answers the questions on the concept of the form of government, principles of classification and principles of the structure of public authority. The author carefully examines the types of relation between the form of government and the political regime, as well as proposes the new classification of the governments into monocratic and polycratic.

Keywords: government agencies, public authority, polycracy, monocracy, form of government, political regime, state form, democracy, form of territorial organization, jurisprudence

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2020.1.32738

Abstract: This article is dedicated to one of the important questions of studying the everyday life of urban population – organization of leisure in the cities of Karakalpakstan during the 1960’s – 1980’s. Based on the scientific analysis, the author generalized the experience in organization of leisure on the republic, as well as determent its development trends, patterns and peculiarities, regional specificities of organization of leisure in the cities of Karakalpakstan in the period from 1960’s to 1980’s. The work leans on the principles of critical interpretation of sources, systematization, and comparative data analysis. Research methodology is structured on the local material. The application of local approach suggests focusing attention on the peculiarities of problems pertaining to organization of leisure in a specific region, in this case – the Republic of Karakalpakstan for the indicated period. The scientific novelty consists in conducting the first within national historiography analysis of the history of organization of leisure for urban population of Karakalpakstan during the 1960’s – 1980’s. The detailed statistics allows examining the main forms of spending leisure time by the regional population, as well as its development prospects in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Keywords: Nukus, population, resort, radio, leisure, television, house if culture, theatre, leisure of population, Karakalpakstan

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2020.2.33182

Abstract: The subject of this research is the historical prerequisites of formation of the modern Russian model of state administration with its enormous corruption component. Analysis is conducted on the sociopolitical processes that took place in Russia, since the origin of conception of its statehood (formation of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir) until the events of past decade. A wide variety of literature of the Russian and foreign authors dedicated to the historical and institutional aspects of formation of national and foreign statehood became the source base for this research. An attempt is made to determine the fundamental factors of the emergence and wide spread of various manifestations of corruption at all stages of existence of the Russian state. A conclusion is made that drastic reconstruction of the historically established in Russia model of relationship between the government and society, and thus, decline in the scale of corruption, are possible only under the condition of formation of a large social coalition that supports: 1) the expansion of pluralistic basis in creation and development of the mode of operation of political institutions; 2) further public control over their activity. The reference point of such processes can become only a historical situation, which marks an informed need of broad social circles to be able to fully exercise political rights, and simultaneous response to such request from the acting political elite.

Keywords: community coalition, political institutions, institutional analysis, public administration mechanism, natural states, criminal law, corruption, power, political identity, public consensus

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of formation and development of the institution of state civil service in the Russian Federation at a modern stage. Special attention is paid at a theoretical issue of assigning the sphere of legal regulation of the institution of civil service to the branches of state, administrative and labor laws. Taking into account the inter-branch nature of the institution of civil service, it is suggested to solve the issues of legal regulation of this institution on the basis of the intra-branch approach which do not decline permissive or imperative methods of regulation but combine these methods altogether. The author of the article also forms certain goals towards further development of state civil service.

Keywords: state civil service, state service, conceptions, models, reformation, principles of state civil service, anticorruption measures, legal regulation.

Abstract: The article analyzes aspects of application of Internet technologies by political elites. The author of the article describes possible aspects of interactions between

Keywords: law, political elites, social networks, Internet policy, democracy, government – population, blog, civil society, information society, Internet.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2018.6.26625

Abstract: The object of this research is the process of social manipulation of the modern youth. The subject of this research is the political parties as the agents-subjects of the process of social manipulation of youth. Relevance of the topic is substantiated by the fact that in the conditions of systemic crisis of basic institutions and institutions of socialization of the modern Russian society, exists a pressing need in development of the effective mechanism of counteracting the manipulative influence of the various ambiguous subjects of social life upon the modern youth, which use it as an object of manipulations, testing the political and socio-psychological technologies and experiments. In this context, the systematization of corresponding scientific knowledge on the nature, essence and peculiarities of functionality of the political parties as an important socio-political institution, and simultaneously, an agent-subject of the process of social manipulation, manifests as a topical task faced by the modern Russian society and science. Analysis of the works of the classics of Russian and Western sociopolitical thought on the subject of research alongside the analysis of peculiarities of realization of the youth policy of political parties in the Russian Federation, have confirmed the relevance and novelty of the development of the indicated problematic, as well as an essential need in restricting the impact of political parties upon the political life of Russian society as one of the active subjects that produce continuous manipulative influence on the young generation.

Keywords: social and psychological technologies, electorate, party functionaries, party leader, political party, the subject of manipulative influence, manipulation, youth, youth policy, socialization of youth

Abstract: Combination of the two incompatible principles of supreme authorities’ structure and activity did not foster reinforcement of the Soviet statehood and regulation of institutions’ activity. Successful combination of the president’s and parliament’s powers did not happen. The former, even though it made its legal stats stronger and accepted a number of legal acts, was not able to properly control their implementation. This is why the president’s republic of the Soviet type turned out to be quite ineffective both in theory and practice.

Keywords: studies of law, constitutional reform, supreme court of the Soviet Union, conference of national deputes, constitution of the Soviet Union, state authorities, separation of powers, the unity of power and state management, interaction, Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of administrative and legal regulation of the budget activity. The author sets a task to describe the budget as the model of state management. Apart from generally accepted approach to budget management, the author of the article sets an additional goal to manage the social affairs by the means of the budget. The author points out how similar fi nancial law and administrative approaches are when it comes to the analysis o the role of the budget as a model of state management.

Keywords: studies of law, budget, management, model, law, mechanism, activity, interaction, principles, causes.

Abstract: The given article is devoted to the analysis of recent changes in non-commercial organizations law. The author makes a conclusion that the above mentioned changes have led to even worse destruction of the RF legislative system about non-commercial organizations which, in its turn, may eventually cause additional ‘protest’ from certain non-commercial organizations and civil institutions and have a negative infl uence on interactions between public authorities and non-commercial organizations in the process of state registration and supervision.

Keywords: studies of law, civil society, non-commercial organizations, control over non-commercial organizations, federal state supervision, constitution, state registration, legislative system, public power, state institution.

Abstract: The reform of executive procedure after the court decisions, which started in 1997, changed the existing system, and the practice of application of the new legislation show that it is not sufficiently efficient. What other related problems are there in civil procedure and how can they be solved? Would the Executive Code become a solution?

Abstract: The well-balanced by quantity, quality and variety food supply is a key factor for ensuring health, well-being and survival of the population of Russia. Without it one cannot imagine adequate development of military, political economical or any kind of national security of the Russian Federation. However, according to the statistics in 2006 the amount of foodstuffs produced in Russia (the share for one person) is two times less than in 1990s…