Philosophy and Culture - rubric Frontiers and theories of knowledge

Abstract: It is shown in the article that the so-called endophysical turn occurs in the modern non-classical epistemology. In the frames of the endophysical approach to the study of reality, it is assumed that an observer is presented in the observed picture of events in an unavoidable way, chooses a certain subjective temporal net and cuts out the objective tissue of events and his possibility to cognize the world depends on his bodily structures and on abilities of his consciousness. It is demonstrated that endophysics operates with notions not only of a real observer, but also of a virtual observer as a fundamental element of the procedure of mental experiment when virtual realities and entire worlds are built according to the principle as if.

Keywords: philosophy, epistemology, endophysics, synergetics, perception, time, tempoworld, virtualistics, mesocosm, evolution.

Abstract: Abstract: the article is devoted to the meaning of life for human being and the society. Based on Bernadsky’s teaching about biosphere describing how plants transform solar energy into biological energy, the author is talking about the meaning of animal world and humankind in the entire process of the world development. The meaning of life is determined as the process of transformation of the bodily into the spiritual. The spiritual is viewed as a specific form of human activity. In his article the author based on data from various branches of culture such as mythology, science and religion.

Keywords: meaning, life, person, bodily, spiritual, culture, religion, mythology, science, philosophy.

Abstract: Knowledge is the main feature of educational environment in any society. Information technologies give a new light to the problem of scientific knowledge within education space. In the long-term perspective knowledge society is most likely to be characterized by the contradiction between objective forms of culture and possibilities for personal and professional development. The author of the article described “norm” and “competitive” perspectives of transformation of scientific knowledge.

Keywords: philosophy, knowledge, information capitalism, values, knowledge society, postindustrial society, communication technologies.

Abstract: Review: in conditions of the global crisis many experts see the way out in a moral revival of humankind. Studying the great philosophers’ views on morals and ethics, the author have answered the questions on how morals and law communicate with each other and what understanding of morals there is in the modern world.

Keywords: morals, law, culture, ethics

Abstract: Review: on November 19 scientists will celebrate the 50th anniversary of a famous Russian philosopher, PhD of Philosophical Sciences, professor Yury Mikhailovich Reznik. He has varied interests in science which vary from philosophy to social sciences, cultural sciences and psychology. The article contains the interview with Yu. M. Reznik taken by the journal writer O.I.Kucheryavenko.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, social sciences, jubilee, Yury Mikhailovich Reznik

Abstract: The article describes the role and significance of the concepts of the universal, particular and singular in categorical structuring of a number of philosophies during the 20th century. In particular, the author touches upon the concepts of the universal, particular and singular in Hartmann’s ontology, Husserl’s phenomenology, Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, Sartre’s existentialism and a few representatives of the classical positivism, empiriocriticism, neopositivism and post-positivism. The article also shows that the mentioned above concepts relate to the main components of the world view.

Keywords: philosophy, universal, particular, singular, world view, phenomenology, fundamental ontology, existentialism, positivism, empiriocriticism.

Abstract: Having stared in the West 250 years ago, acceleration brought scientific and technological prosperity and simplification of spiritual life typical for mass culture.

Keywords: philosophy, acceleration, cultural revolution, mass culture, neoteny, technological revolution, evolution

Abstract: As the title of the article implies, Cassirer’s project has a philosophical and systematic (not only philosophical) meaning indeed. Secondly, Cassirer’s philosophy has a central principle and thirdly, this central principle is not well developed and does not apply to the cultural phenomena it was supposed to explain. Therefore, all Cassirer’s works represent a program of systematic epistemology of history in the fi rst place and the material which needs to be interpreted and explained by epistemology, on the other hand. Cassirer’s works have a certain order which suggests a progressive epistemological development but Cassirer has never applied the central principle of his epistemology – his interpretation of ‘symbol’ – to demonstrate and explain this epistemological development.

Keywords: philosophy, critical idealism, empiricism, substances and functions, designing, symbolic form, constructive philosophy of culture, synthesis, system and history, principle of development, symbolic function of technology

Abstract: The author views historical forms of cognitive modeling of the world: ontology, gnoseology, epistemology, knowledge engineering. In cognitivism the semantic cogitation (Logos) is replaced with the formal one (Mathesis). Cognitivism is based on the philosophy of Kant and Husserl — transcendentalism. Their inconsistency is replaced in post-modernism (Deleuze) with identical relation and contradiction between difference and repetition. This means that ‘our’ objective world is being replaced with constructive and cognitive, i.e. post-human.

Keywords: philosophy, gnoseology, epistemology, knowledge engineering, transcendentalism, postmodernism, identical relation, difference, nigitology, Mathesis universalis.

Abstract: This article deals with the principles of formation of the scientifi c picture of the world in David Hume’s philosophy and modern epistemology. The author of the article analyzes the Scottish philosopher’s cognitive theory from the ‘subjectand- object-relationship’ point of view and fi nds out that the theory comes down to acceptance of an eliminated subject in the absence of objective trueness of the knowledge received. The author of the article expands and proves the idea that in a modern epistemology it is possible to form the scientifi c picture of the world only from the point of view of the unity of the subjective and objective. It is also shown that such categories as ‘subject’ and ‘object’ form the system which elements have meaning only when they are dependent on one another or on the system in general. At the end of the article the author concludes that, despite obvious limitations and diversity of David Hume’s conception of perception of the scientifi c picture of the world, it surely contributed to development of epistemology and formation of the modern stage of scientifi c cognitive activity.

Keywords: philosophy, subject, object, impressions, ideas, perception, mind, causality, consistency, cognition

Abstract: The author defines and views conceptual parameters of poetic ontognoseology form the point of view of existential philosophy. The research is based on the ideas of Walter Benjamin and Mikhail Lifshitz.

Keywords: philosophy, being, cognition, truth, ontology, gnoseology, ontognoseology, poetics, Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Lifshitz.

Abstract: The author uncovers the new term in modern non-classical epistemology, - ‘cognitive structure’. In order to define the term, the author used the holistic approach which includes such theoretical conceptions as corporeity of the learning mind, contingence of sensual and mental processes, accretion of the functions of a so-called ‘intelligent eye’ (or ‘eye of the mind’) and perceptive thinking (thinking by forming ideas and images), synaesthesia, co-determination and mutual construction of the learning mind and the environment of its activity.

Keywords: philosophy, mind, conscious, corporeity, holism, nonlinearity, constructivism, epistemology

Abstract: The article describes the ancient arians’ way of thinking. According to the author, it reflects the very particular way ancient arians perceived and understood the world as well as their attitudes to it. This form of mentality was characterized by a certain limitation, - subjectivity. Arians’ mentality has the following characteristics: objectivity of mental processes, extrapolation of truth to fiction, combination of the rational and irrational. Their intellect descended from the stage of perceptive understanding of the world to the stage of explanation and interpretation.

Keywords: mentality, subjectivity, world view, subjectivization of nature, conscious, fiction, truth, duality, methods and ways of thinking, paradoxes, paradigms

Abstract: The author views the relevance of the new naturalism project for human researches, society and culture. Looking at human as an intricately organized biological species provides us an opportunity to create the synthesis of natural and socio-humanitarian disciplines.

Keywords: human, phenomenology, cartesianism, thesis about human exceptional nature, consciousness, world perception.

Abstract: The article describes the two basic forms of world perception typical for human and society at certain periods of establishment and development and dominating in certain cultures, - analytical and mythopoetical cultures. The latter is brought to a thorough analysis by the author of the article. The term ‘mythopoetical’ is distinguished from the term ‘myth’ which allows not only to give another interpretation to the phenomenon of myth but also to make significant changes in our idea of world perception in general

Keywords: philosophy, myth, mythopoetics, world perception, epistemology, analytics, culture, discretion, prescription, meaning

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of nature of perception. Being one of the key problems of epistemology, it now changes greatly under the influence of natural sciences, studying the brain, psychomotor functions in human body, functioning of its perception. There are some amazing parallels between Indian, Brahman and Buddhist views and the newest ideas and models of modern cognitive science, that are worth taking a look at.

Keywords: philosophy, cognition, body, conscience, cognition, auto-poetry, India, Buddhism, Vaishesika, Shivaism

Abstract: The author of the article suggests his own interpretation of the shift in the sphere of humanities towards reinforcement of attention to existential experience and human subjectivity as features of non-classical science. As an example, the author discusses certain concepts of non-classical social studies emphasizing everyday life and latent social reality. The author of the article defends the concept of interaction between classical and non-classical aspects of science allowing to unite different scientific methods and models.

Keywords: philosophy, existential, experience, classical, non-classical, subject, emotions and feelings, meaning, understanding, knowledge.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of true historical knowledge from the point of view of different philosophical approaches. The author defines the relations between the historical subject and object, views the concept of relativism and relativity of historical knowledge and provides the definitions of historical myth and mythological consciousness. Special attention is paid at he problem of truth in history. In modern philosophy of history the definition of truth is determined by the two circumstances: the nature of historical knowledge and cognition and significant changes in the category ‘truth’ in philosophy and methodology of science during XX century.

Keywords: philosophy, truth, history, historiosophy, cognition, myth, knowledge, term, categories, methodology.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the usage of metaphors in philosophical texts. It is shown that apart from cognitive function, metaphor also has the modeling function: it does not only form the perception, but also indicates the manner and type of thinking. Special role is given to the basic metaphors which make a comparison between different systems of concepts and frame the subject of the discourse. Such metaphors include sex/gender metaphors. Ever since the Ancient world sex description have been used by the philosophers to describe and understand the reality. The idea that the ‘rational’ beginning was somehow connected with the masculinity was introduced by the ‘founding fathers’ long ago. If we include the male and female in the system of world perception as ontological formations, it will completely change the primary natural and biological meaning of gender. The ‘gender’ metaphor is viewed as one of the bases for a traditional Western type of rationality and as a factor which forms the culture.

Keywords: philosophy, archetype, gender, culture, metaphor, cogitation, sex, rationality, symbol, human.

Abstract: The article reveals the essence, peculiarities and possible forms of implicit knowledge as well as its role in the cognitive process.

Keywords: philosophy, human, knowledge, implicit knowledge, spiritual activity, cognitive activity, science, teaching, consciousness, personality.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.1.62041

Abstract: Cognitology (knowledge management) is the theory of information thinking without consciousness, images and psyche involved. Derived of reflection, such thinking turns into artificial intellect. It can be interpreted as the post-human world of the Other from the ontological point of view. The purpose of the philosophy of science is to form certain navigators in the spiritual elite environment that would help the processes of interactions between qualitative and cognitive forms of existence as well as transmission of such capabilities into a society. To survive in the high-tech world, we must cultivate the kind of consciousness which would be adequate from the geocentric and anthropological point of view.

Keywords: philosophy, knowledge engineering, consciousness, thinking, information, the other, navigator, trans-modernism, geocentricism, anthropology.

Abstract: The author of the present article makes an attemp to show the relation between personal knowledge and self-knowledge and to give an epistemiological definition of self-consciousness and self-knowledge. For this purpose the author studies constructivist and narrative approaches to self-knowledge. The author clearly shows that there is a certain need in additional development of these approaches and completing them with the phenomenological analysis of personal experience, the latter being the basis of personal knowledge and self-consciousness. With the help of the system approach and based on the concept of situational knowledge the author describes the system, contextual and dynamic orientation of personal experience. Concepts of personal experience and personal knowledge, in their turn, expand the concept of self-conciousness which should not be limited to reflection. However, such approach creates the problem of introspection. Based on data obtained with the help of modern cognitive science and evolutional epistemiology the author analyzes various forms and levels of consciousness. The author studies the problem of relation between consciousness and knowledge of the surrounding world from the point of view of the system of personal knowledge.

Keywords: philosophy, personal knowledge, personal experience, self-knowledge, Self, reflection, phenomenology, system approach, introspection, perceptive self-consciousness.

Abstract: The given article is devoted to the increasing role of constructivism in the process of transfer from the information society to the knowledge society. The author analyzes the term ‘knowledge society’ based on publications by different philosophers and defines the main difference between the information society and the knowledge society to be the usage of non-scientific knowledge. In a new society the border between science, society and social culture are erased. Based on the analysis of the main views of certain famous philosophers on the process of education the author makes the suggestion that the purpose of education is now becoming the formation of human as he is. This means we have to refuse from using formal information and start to use ‘living knowledge’. The author makes a conclusion that being one of the forms of knowledge organization, construction also means the ability to build a new order which would answer a person’s goal. Thus, in knowledge society the term ‘knowledge’ is understood as the encompassing by the reality which is continuously turning into the construct of scientific and cognitive activity.

Keywords: philosophy, knowledge, society, information, entity, reality, education, science, constructivism.

Abstract: The article is devoted to M. M. Bakhtin’s philosophical program for the humanities in respect to modern epistemology of history. Historicism of this program is specified when we study only laboratory works of the philosopher. It is also noted that there is a need in limiting of expanded definitions of categorical dominants of Bakhtin’s philosophical program (such as dialogue, expression and gender).

Keywords: philosophy, history, historicism, historical knowledge, dialogue, expression, speech reality, gender, epistemology.

Abstract: The article stresses out the problem of prior grounds of G. G. Shpet’ philosophy of history. Special attention is paid at the philosopher’s views on style. It is proved that the style is an epistemological measuring condition of Shpet’s redefinition of the basics of history – some kind of a dominant of G. G. Shpet’s philosophy in the 10th-20th of the 20th century.

Keywords: philosophy, history, logic, science, word, style, symbol, dominant, language, epistemology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.3.10858

Abstract: The research subject is the quantum world being formed and the fact that there are no concepts that could describe it. The quantum world is replacing the classical world and post-modern world. The classical world was based on the philosophy of Enlightenment. The post-modern world is based on the ideas of post-modernistic philosophy. However, at the present moment there are no concepts that could constitute the paradigm of the quantum world. The quantum world is described as the world that denies universal standards and questions the common sense. 'Quantum' means a strange, difficult, instable, uncertain and multidimensional world. The quantum world brings a whole number of actors to the international arena and all these actors follow their own interests. The author of the article makes an attempt to outline the countours of the quantum concept through the analysis of the problems creating it. The research method is the modeling. Taking into account that the quantum world hasn't been formed yet, it is partly viewed as a 'black box' which can be studied only through analyzing the arising problems. The author of the article also uses the idealization method when the aising problems are deliberately exaggerated. The scientific novelty of the article is caused by the fact that the countours of the quantum world are outlined by analyzing these problems and related values. In particular, the author describes the following properties of the quantum world: instability, uncertainty, multidimensionality and artificial nature of the quantum world. These properties create problems that have important social consequences. The author also underlines that the quantum world can change the system of values completely. The quantum world means a transfer to post-economic values and 'new seriosity'. All this would certainly change the life style of people as well.

Keywords: classical world, post-modern world, instability, multidimensionality, innovations, superposition, post-economic world, artificial world, new seriosity, creativity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.3.66380

Keywords: classical world, post-modern world, instability, multidimensionality, innovations, superposition, post-economic world, artificial world, new seriosity, creativity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.3.62429

Abstract: One of the keys to increasing interest for knowledge management is the development of communication and information technologies. These technologies allow to exchange lots of information disregarding geographical locations of their actors and real time. The information flow is actually overwhelming and people begin to wonder whether they actually need all this information or there are other, more convenient, ways of obtaining it. Answers to these questions are rather positive because even though these technologies can change one’s consciousness and forms of transferring and using knowledge, they cannot completely substitute for personal contacts (for example, with virtual computer space). In reality, there are certain types of knowledge that can be developed and transferred only by means of traditional approaches.

Keywords: philosophy, information, knowledge, competence, competence models, education paradigm, knowledge management, education and teaching, information environment.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.4.62647

Abstract: The author of the article views some fundamental ideas of Alexander Bogdanov’s empiriomonism from the point of view of their development throughout the history. The author of the article suggests the interpretation based on ideas of modern constructivism. The author also gives evaluation to tectology as the general science and the first attempt of Russian philosophers to present philosophy as a science that has a structure. Alexander Bogdanov outlined the main contours of the paradigm shift in the perception of the dual subject-object world.

Keywords: philosophy, duality, inter-reference, constructivism, substitution, difference, self-reference, meaning, tectology, empiriomonism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.8.15838

Abstract: In his article Tyugashev reconstructs Hume's model of philosophy taking into account the importance of the practical aspect of Hume's philosophy which is expressed in the orientation at reformation of philosophy based on empirism and application of the experimental approach. The fundamental provision is Hume's concept of human as an intelligent, active and social creature. As a result of imperfection and limitation of human mind, it is necessary to prove philosophical insights by the facts of everyday life and philosophical conclusions should be evaluated from the point of view of social consequences of their practical implementation. Hume outlined the practical turn of metaphilosophy towards the provisions of ancient philosophy when spiritual and practical aspects of philosophy were integral. The author of the article reconstructs David Hume's metaphilosophy by using the socio-philosophical model of the genesis of spiritual activity according to which particular branches of philosophy (science, art, religion, mythology, etc.) are being viewed as a result of the reflection of social practice. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author defines and systematizes David Hume's views on the structure of philosophy as a spiritual activity constituting part of social life. The author shows that David Hume differentiated between fundamental philosophy and applied philosophy, philosophical theory and empirical philosophy (observational and experimental philosophies) and described everyday philosophy, popular philosophy and folk philosophy which conclusions proved to be true in the course of social progress.

Keywords: Hume, metaphilosophy, practical philosophy, applied philosophy, empirical philosophy, experimental philosophy, philosophy, folk philosophy, pragmatic turn, practice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.8.66926

Keywords: Hume, metaphilosophy, practical philosophy, applied philosophy, empirical philosophy, experimental philosophy, philosophy, folk philosophy, pragmatic turn, practice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.9.12571

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.9.65487

Abstract: The purpose of the present article is to find out whether the contemporary antiphysicalism has a positive program and to analyze anti-physical solutions of the mind-body problem in the contemporary philosophy of mind. Using the approaches of such cotemporary analytical philosophers as Colin McGinn, Joseph Levine, Noam Chomsky, Thomas Nagel and David Chalmers, the author evaluates the ratio of negative and positive component in modern anti-physical approaches and determines the role of skepticism in their theories. Research methodology includes the historical descriptive method and the method of comparative studies which, within the framework of the present research, involves the comparison of physicalistic and antiphysicalistic approaches to the mind-body issues. The present research is based on contemporary English and American antiphysicalistic programs in the philosophy of mind including substantial dualism and different kinds of substantial dualism, property dualism or naturalistic dualism, epistemological skepticism, interactionism, qualitatism and a few others. The conclusions are the following: although today antiphysicalism gives very serious criticism of physicalism, the positions of the later are still strong. Whether this situation will change depends on how convincing the positive program of antiphysicalists will turn out to be. The results of the research allow to better understand a number of important writings on physicalistic and antiphysicalistic programs in contemporary analytical philosophy of mind. The novelty and originality of the research is in viewing antiphysicalistic programs in terms of contemporary English-American philosophy of mind, critical analysis of the main thought processes and key arguments of contemporary English-American antiphysicalism and description of many works that have been written by modern English and American philosophers recently but haven’t been translated into Russian yet.

Keywords: the mind-body problem, skepticism, anti-physicalism, physicalism, cognitive closure, explanatory gap, mysteries and problems, mysterianism, philosophy of the mind, qualitatism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.9.17364

Abstract: In the context of the philosophy of M. Bakhtin and M. Heidegger, this article demonstrates the conditions of establishment of the authorship responsible for its creative work and life action in general. The understanding of its own wholeness separated from everything else, as well as the presence of interconnected boundaries, suggests the presence of the author of the composition and responsible life. Authorship represents self-establishment in unity of responsibility and claiming yourself through the action. The phenomenon of the visual illustration of a book is being views as the example of presence or absence of the visible boundaries between semantic worlds. The article uses the method of intermediate analysis aimed at determination of various ways of interaction of heterogeneous creative discourses in space of their conceptual intersection; hermeneutic method of understanding and interpretation of the test, as well as the “dialogical” concept of M. M. Bakhtin for detection of the organic interlink of the visual practices with the language and style. This work is first to attempt to signify the general core of M. Bakhtin’s philosophy through the “author-interpreter-reader” link. The author introduces the notion of “fractal” into the philosophical circulation, which defines the structure of interpretation of a text. The conclusion is made that the authorship of the word and image leads to the mutual enrichments and responsible creative position; while the anonymity leads to simplification, blurring of the boundaries, and irresponsibility.

Keywords: Dialogue, Kunstdasein, Dasein, Philosophy of illustration, Cognition, Author, Interpretation, Fractal, Language, Text

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.9.68202

Abstract: The object of research is the phenomenon of communication in the context of media. The subject is the problem of harmonization of communication in terms of media-modernity. The authors begin their study with analizing the phenomenon of "digital natives" who violates the centuries-old tradition of generating and transmitting knowledge from elders to youth. Considering communication as the interaction, the authors identify the following features of it, which are the key in the context of the study: the nature of verbal communication; communicant's freedom and responsibility for the field of communication and his (her) role in it; communication as a necessary form of existence of homo sapiens; communication as a mutually beneficial interaction between people. Addressing to the phenomenon of media, the authors dwell on these effects in the media reality: the acceleration of information; simplification of information; "dissolution" of human in the information stream. The research methodology includes scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, abstraction. In addition, the procedure is carried out methodological conceptualization. A special contribution of the authors of the study is to identify communication requirements for the "new" reality to a human who is falling into a situation of communication. Among them should be marked: emotional reinforcement; selectivity in communication; overcoming narcissism and conformism; tolerance in communication; communicative activity and the attractiveness of the subject of communication; competence in communication.

Keywords: compensatory communication, digital immigrants, digital aborigens, media-modernity, media, interaction, communication, culture of communication, media effects, information field

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.9.63158

Abstract: Cognitive approach to philosophy of education seeks for new strategies to form cogitation of a modern human. In this regard, coevolutionary strategy is gaining more importance, as it forms and establishes new objectives of human activity, puts forward new environmental regulators both in natural resource management and material production as well as standards of environmental balance and dynamic balanced relationship between human and nature, legal regulators of human invasion into natural ecosystems and sets values for biosphere environmental ethics aimed at support, protection and expansion of life and forms of life. At the same time the author describes the sources and solutions of the environmental crisis such as to subdue material and technological activities of human to the purposes of improving the biosphere and to understand the complex relationship between organization of biosphere and organization of noosphere.

Keywords: philosophy, philosophy of education, convergent technologies, coevolution, cognitive strategies, biological technologies, scientific picture of the world, philosophy of nature, bio- and noospheres, environmental studies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.10.10415

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.10.65533

Abstract: The author of the present article analyzes the political philosophy of a French intellectual and state activist Francois Guizot (1787 – 1874), its sources, methodological bases, key principles and central issues considering the socio-political environment in France after Napoleon. The autho of the present article analyzes the main approaches of the philosopher to the key issues of the philosophical discourse at the age of Restoration (1814 0 1830) such as the sovereignty issue, the balance between freedom and order, legacy of the Revolution and its role in the political system of France, contradiction between freedom and equality. The methodology of the article is based on the history of ideas which principles allow to reconstruct Guizot’s intellectual style as well as to discover the influence of his ideas on succeeding philosophers. Analysis of the theoretical heritage of Guizot has allowed to re-integrate his philosophical concept into the modern political-philosophical discourse which may help to reveal the philosophical sources of French liberalism and demonstrate the relation between this ideology and democratic tradition as well as to see a complex reflection on the status of philosophical issues in the political practice.

Keywords: Fracois Guizot, political philosophy, Restoration, sovereignty, freedom, power, political theory, France, state institution.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.11.9923

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.11.63546

Abstract: The development of evolutionary thinking is under consideration in the article; heuristic possibilities and possible limits for interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge are estimated. It is justified that synthetic, integrative and holistic trends – in contrast to disciplinary differentiation of science in the epoch of Modern time – are predominant in science of the XXI century. Evolutionary thinking which is understood in the broadest sense of the word is based nowadays not only on the theory of biological evolution, but also on the modern theory of complex adaptive systems, network science and nonlinear dynamics. Such a form of thinking becomes a foundation of a new naturalism which allows us to formulate strategies of evolutionary, naturalistic explanations in epistemology, ethics, politics, esthetics. Taking as an example evolutionary epistemology, the author analyses its modern trends of development and demonstrates how this field meets interdisciplinary challenges of the modern scientific knowledge.

Keywords: interdisciplinarity, naturalism, non-linear, synthesis, complexity, holism, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary thinking, evolution, emergence.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.11.13083

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.11.65722

Abstract: Today philosophy as well as other humanitarian and natural sciences are focused on overcoming limitations of classical and nonclassical approaches (as defined by V. Stepin). Although a great research has been carried out in this sphere, there are still a lot of unclear and undeveloped aspects left. One of them is the process of meaning-making when the whole range of knowledge is being established. These are the important issues the given article is devoted to. Based on a number of works written by great scientific researchers (in particular, a contemporary French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and a Russian philosopher Yakov Svirsky) and the author’s predecessors, the author compares different points of view on the phenomenon of meaning-making. Noteworthy that the author also analyzes the relation between the meaning-making process and the process of defining whether information created as a result of successful completion of the former process is true or false. As the final result, the author develops a methodological outline of the general scheme for describing meaning-making processes in all types of knowledge. Meanings (according to Deleuze’s hypotheses which were later developed by Yakov Svirsky) have been linked to Deleuze’s concept of surface. There the proliferation and some kind of recession.

Keywords: Gilles Deleuze, Yakov Iosifovich Svirsky, surface, meaning, logic, transdisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, types of knowledge, scientific theories, proliferation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.12.7332

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.12.63603

Abstract: The article is devoted to constructivist models of philosophizing in terms of their succession and interdependence in accordance with particular historically developed traditions of philosophizing. The author of the article defines the three types of constructivist models of philosophizing: constructivist hylomorphism, constructivist eidetics and constructivist hermeneutics. In constructivist hylomorphism the basic constructs are a priori forms of cognition that create prerequisites for subjectivity, in constructivist eidetics – phenomena of consciousness that ensure the subjectivity of the world and in constructivist hermeneutics – communication means that create conditions for inter-subjectivity.