Trends and management - rubric Trends of world politics

Abstract: This article is focused on the evolution of modern Russia-NATO cooperation. The author addresses the starting points of their partnership, and analyzes the agreements signed and structures created to support them. The key Acts that define the evolution of Russia-NATO relations are the 1997 Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security, and the 2002 Summit Cooperation Act, according to which the Russia-NATO permanent council and the Russia-NATO Council were founded. The methodological basis of this research is the systemic, structural-functional, comparative-political, geopolitical, cultural-civilizational approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation. The author focuses his attention on comparing the two structures, and this allows him to reach conclusions on the dynamics of priorities in their cooperation. The author also analyzes key directions between parties in the context of modern institutes and touches the topic of modern Russia-NATO crisis.

Keywords: administration, trends, USA, Russia, NATO, diplomacy, interests, values, security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.1.14204

Abstract: This question has already been asked indirectly, in an article titled "The attempt to understand the nature of the development of China", published (in three parts) in the Journal of International Relations, 11, 18 and 23 February 2013. In this article we will try to take another look at the facts available to us and we will try to find out how justified are both positive and negative feelings about the observers originating in China tremendous changes. To such an attempt not to become a mere speculation, we will use comparative political analysis, and as a country for comparison with China and the dynamics of its motion take the USSR and the dynamics of its movement.The methodological basis of the study constitute a systemic, structural-functional, comparative-historical, comparative political, geopolitical, cultural and civilizational approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation. Major changes in national economic planning PRC occurred in the preparation of the 10th Five-Year Plan (2000-2005). In terms of accession of China to the WTO, speed up restructuring of the world economy, the development of information and new and high technology, computerization of society and the development of scientific and technical progress, a significant increase in the number of transnational corporations (TNCs) and scale up their activities. As a result, in China there have been significant changes in the economy, which largely contributed to changes in the system of drawing up economic plans. Major changes in the planning system associated with the transition from directive to indicative planning began in the preparation of the 10th Five-Year Plan (2001-2005.), Which marked the transition from the full establishment of quantitative to qualitative

Keywords: management, politica, China, trend, conflicts, economica, Socioeconomic Systems, interests, values, state

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.1.66018

Abstract: A similar question was asked in another article called “An attempt to understand China’s development”, which was published in International Relations Journal on February 11, 18 and 23, 2013. In this article, we attempt to take another glance at the available facts and will try to find out how well-substantiated are both, positive and negative impressions of the observers of China’s grand change. For this attempt not to be reduced to simple discourse, we employ comparative and political analysis, selecting China and the USSR for comparing development dynamics. The methodological basis of this research consists of systemic, structural-fucntional, comparative-historical, comparative-political, geopolitical, cultural-civilizational approaches, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling and observation. The major changes in China’s national economy planning occurred in the timeframe of creating the 10th 5-year plan (2000-2005), on the background of China’s entrance into World Trade Organization, accelerating the restructuring of world economy, spread of information and new high technologies, the computerization of society and the development of scientific and technical progress, substantial increase of transnational corporations and the broadening of their work’s scale. The resulting effect was China’s considerable changes in national economy – changes that affected the changes in China’s national economy plans. The main changes in the planning system, linked with the transition from directive to indicative planning, have started during the 10th 5-year plan drafting (2001-2005), which signified a full transition from quality to quality in planning.

Keywords: administration, politics, China, trend, conflict, economy, social and economic system, values, state

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2019.4.32290

Abstract: The subject of this article consists in the justification of relevance of the research on differences of Russia, China, and the United States in understanding of the same concepts, figurative expressions, means interaction with each other and on international arena overall. It is demonstrated that increasing the accuracy of the results of the analysis and forecast of development of relations within the system of Russia – China – United States is not only a political, but also a scientific cultural challenge, since it is necessary to thoroughly understand the peculiarities of the “world images”, as well as business and diplomatic traditions of each of the parties. The author reveals the examples of varying understanding of the widely known expressions that the countries are using in their foreign policy lexicon. A conclusion is made that the differences in the worldview, cross-cultural problems, mismatch of intentions and means of their expression, which used to be clarified and mitigated by the efforts of professional diplomacy, currently in the context of personalization and “twitterization” of foreign policy aggravate not only the relations between the countries, but also become the source of conflicts dangerous for the entire world. Elucidation of the essence of the discourse between the parties is important for prevention of risks emerging due to misunderstanding, as well as development of a comprehensive model for the desired future in the Russia – China – United States triangle.

Keywords: International Relations Governance, Trend, Foreign Policy, Trilateral Connections, Bilateral Contacts, China, USA, Russia, Belt and Road, Trade War

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.2.14226

Abstract: This article analyzes the decisions made by Russian high military and political authorities in order to ensure national and military security of the country, including those reflected in the new edition of the Military Doctrine. The chief factor for securing Russian sovereignty is non-nuclear deterrence, which was declared in the Russian Military Doctrine for the first time. Based on the analysis of existing military and political situation in the world, the article describes the author's vision of the most prospective vectors of its content. The methodological basis of this article contains the systemic, structural-functional, comparative-historical, comparative-politicao, geopolitical and cultural-civilizational approaches, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation. This article offers the main bundles of vectors for non-nuclear deterrence, which are described in the Military Doctrine. Their full realization will, in our opinion, guarantee the deterrence of aggression, as well as ensure military security of the country. The logic of the Military Doctrine is obvious - to create conditions that would eliminate any temptation to test Russia's defenses. The general motif of late 2014 decisions regarding security is the statement that Russia has interests that need defending, personnel and materiel that will ensure this defense, and strategic deterrence system as the key factor in this plan.

Keywords: state, diplomacy, conflicts, Non-nuclear deterrence, geopolitics, politics, management, OTAN, USA, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.2.66427

Keywords: state, diplomacy, conflicts, Non-nuclear deterrence, geopolitics, politics, management, OTAN, USA, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.2.12407

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.2.65189

Abstract: In XXI century Sweden is firmly aiming for strengthening its influence in the global arena, at the same time the state follows the foreign political course, which is aimed at the rapid integration with the European Union. In addition to resolving the issues of becoming closer to the EU, the foreign political course of Sweden is also aimed at resolving the global problems, and it is not limited only to support of the national interests of the state. For dealing with the global problems Sweden uses public diplomacy, which is channeled by the NGOs, foundations and representative offices. The largest organization in the Swedish public diplomacy is the Swedish Institute, which is responsible for the formation of the positive image of Sweden. Culture is among the most important factors of influence for the Swedish public diplomacy. Sweden, being a relatively small state, which has joined the European Union, influences the world via information-communication technologies, such as public diplomacy. The public diplomacy of Sweden is represented by various cultural centers, institutions, inter-governmental organizations, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, foundations, representative offices, agencies for the development of cultural connections and humanities connections.

Keywords: management, politics, trends, Sweden, public diplomacy, political regime, state, interests, values, information technologies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.2.16608

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of basic contradictions and conflicts in today's globalized world, standing on the threshold of the formation of a new multi-polar political system. The object of study - the processes of formation of a new world system based on multipolarity, including - modern geopolitical and globalization processes. The subject of this study - the conflicts and contradictions in today's globalized world and the prospects of the Russian Federation to promote its national interests in the context of growing global instability. The purpose of this research - the identification and analysis of the basic contradictions and conflicts in the world today.The methodological basis of the research are systemic, structural and functional, comparative political approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation.The author draws attention to the fact that the modern world is a complex web of interests of different states, national economies, multinationals, ethnic, religious and cultural communities. Completion of the "cold war", the emergence of areas of instability in Eurasia, Ukraine, the Middle East, the US drive for global leadership, the spread of Western values, the application of double standards have led to increased geopolitical, geo-economic, ethnic and religious conflicts, the emergence of a number of armed conflicts. In these circumstances, Russia should focus efforts on maintaining and strengthening its position in the confrontation with other powers in the geopolitical, geo-economic and cultural-civilizational sphere.

Keywords: diplomacy, international relations, global instability, world politics, Russia, geopolitics, international conflicts, contradictions, security, risks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.2.67815

Keywords: diplomacy, international relations, global instability, world politics, Russia, geopolitics, international conflicts, contradictions, security, risks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.3.16323

Abstract: This article analyzes the evolution of political science. The object of research is the Russian and international political science, the subject of investigation - the trends and patterns of its evolutionary development in the postmodern era. It is noted that in the era of globalization, the ideology of liberalism as a political theory and practice of the West, has become a tool for shaping global economic, informational and cultural spaces. This political science research focuses on the study and analysis of the characteristics of complex and non-linear social and political systems that have a high-rate variability.The methodological basis of the research is a systemic, structural and functional, comparative political approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation.Accelerating the transformation of the political realities of the modern world put on the agenda the issue of research of socio-political and economic systems as self-regulating and self-developing systems, as network structures, non-linear and open to the environment and exposed to social entropy.

Keywords: interests, democracy, color revolutions, hybrid war, state, science, society, politics, NATO, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.3.66953

Keywords: interests, democracy, color revolutions, hybrid war, state, science, society, politics, NATO, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.3.18813

Abstract: This article is written based on the position that states are functionally similar to commercial organizations. It is argued that the main function of a state consists in production and "sale" of services for security of specific working conditions. These conditions are provided by various subsystems of states and are a response to the elements of states (citizens) for their invested labor. This interaction is the basis of stability of state systems. Based on the above economic model the algorithms of establishment of monopolies or oligopolies concluded. Such situations match unipolar or multipolar world. The model allows a better understanding of the international political structure, as well as making assumptions about its prospects. The natural algorithms of the monopolization of the international market are shown. These algorithms are based on distribution of regulating competitive environment and increase of attractiveness of the conditions of the market leader state. These conditions are characterized by high, but unlikely profit. There is also simultaneous distribution of "symbolic capital" of the economic center, which matches the popularity of its products and brands. These algorithms lead to inclusion of other countries’ residents into subsystems of the market leader state. Furthermore, it is shown that a fairly high level of monopolization of international system will bring about prerequisites for emergence of a second oligopolist. Transition from a monopoly to a duopoly is possible due to the high cost terms dictated by the leader-state. Competitive advantage of a second competitor is the high predictability of the profit, but not its value. Equilibrium in this duopoly is only possible if the second duopolist agrees on the position of the follower, rather than a leader. The author demonstrates the impossibility of a stable system with more than two oligopolists. Thence a multipolar world case is not attainable, except the in a bipolar world. In the conclusion, the author describes the algorithms of loss of the monopoly power by the market leader state and emergence of a new leader. Substantiation of claims is based on the limitation of resources of the state systems.

Keywords: concentration of production, monopoly, duopolar equality, social systems, state function, working conditions, competition, globalization, international systems, geopolitics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2016.3.68192

Abstract: The subject of this research is the vectors of evolution of the party system in today’s Russia in the conditions of modernization processes. The author concentrates on such questions of changes to the electoral system as lowering of the electoral threshold, changes to the system of state funding of parties, and other. A special attention is given to the return to the mixed electoral system at the State Duma elections with already implemented norms of liberalization of the party legislation with regards to procedure of forming and registering a party, participation of parties in elections, and reduction in electoral threshold. The author highlights certain positions of the Federal Law No. 20-FZ, namely the introduction of mixed electoral system, ability for direct nomination of candidates in form of self-nomination, and analyzes the causes and the facts of their realization in the country. A conclusion is made that the Russian party system is currently at the stage of formalization of its new configuration, and the high point of its development will fall on the 2016 State Duma elections.

Keywords: Party system, Legislation, Electorate, State Duma, Electoral threshold, Voters, Financing, Federal Law, Elections, Parties

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.12799

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.65510

Abstract: The problem that is being viewed becomes topical due to the global processes around the world, and the strengthening of China on the modern global arena. China spares no effort to integrate itself into countries and regions around the world. This flows from China’s history of growth and development. China’s economy’s rapid growth demands resources, markets to sell goods, the vast population requires jobs to ensure stability within the country. Some of the major directions of China’s integration are territorial expansion, primarily at the expense of bordering countries, as well as economic and demographic expansion. As historical experience shows, military solutions for some regional scale (and, presumably, world scale, as well) issues, are possible. The methological basis of this research consists of the systematic, structural and political, geopolitical, cultural and civilization-based approaches, the analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling and observation methods. Today’s China is involved into territorial disputes, many of which remain unresolved to this day. This affects not only Russia and the post-Soviet space, but other countries, as well. The dispute with Japan over the Senkaku Islands became particularly severe – to a degree that caused Washington to interfere. With that said, however, China handles the majority of such cases with a “delayed solution” approach, believing that, in 50-100 years the situation may resolve in China’s favour naturally, without pressure.

Keywords: Conflict studies, foreign policies, international relations, China, Russian policies, integration processes, colonization, geopolitics, conflict, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.13010

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.65511

Abstract: The beginning of 2014 was marked by a rapid escalation of anti-Russian policy by the USA. Ukraine became its main focus, with the events taking place there that may have dangerous consequences not only for Ukraine itself, but for Russia and the entire Europe, as well. By all indicators, Europe has entered a pre-war political crisis. In the XX-eth century, European ruling elites, entangled in their power ambitions, have started two “hot” World Wars and one “cold” war in an attempt to establish domination and to force their will on other countries. These wars had dire, destructive consequences for Europe. For the U.S.A., this was a unique geopolitical chance to become a global superpower. The methodological base of this research consists of systematic, structural and functional, comparative and historical and other social science approaches; methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy and modeling. It should be admitted that the rise of U.S.A. to greatness was largely due to irresponsible post World War II Soviet Union behaviour. High on victory, Stalin and his followers began an active communist expansion, without concerning themselves with the severe geopolitical consequences for their own country, as well as the world community. Almost half of Europe fell under Soviet influence, at that time. The ruling European circles saw the Soviet Union as a top threat, and, to counter it, joined an anti-Soviet coalition lead by U.S.A. The country from across the ocean became a military and political security provider for their independence. This allowed the U.S.A. to subjugate European countries and to make them serve its interests.

Keywords: administration, trends, international relations, cold war, global confrontation, policy, USA, Russia, conflict, security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.16887

Abstract: The object of research in this article is the political aspect of energy security of the state, the subject of research are the dynamics of scientific knowledge of the political aspect of energy security. The purpose of this work is to define the perspective directions for research in the field of energy security within a political science discourse. Conceptual approaches of each country to the problem of energy security are defined based on to the national energy potential, the level of economic development, the special risks, resulting in essentially different ways to approach to energy security. As a result, the international energy sphere became a place of political struggle for access to energy. The global aspect of this problem demands the creation of a coordinated approach to ensuring the international energy security, creation of the effective mechanism capable to reconcile opposite interests of various countries and to regulate this process. The methodological basis of this study includes historical, comparative and political, system, sociological methods, as well as the methods of situational analysis, generalization, deduction and induction. The author points out that the main subjects of the international power relations include states, international organizations, multinational corporations. The way and nature of their interaction influences the global energy market and global energy security. A rich experience of such relationship has already been accumulated around the world. Scientific justification of use of this experience is necessary for examining and outlining the specifics for each state. Political science analysis of energy security contributes to the understanding of international energy relations, tendencies of development of energy markets, as well as provides a platform for dialogue between countries in the field of energy partnership.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.67135

Keywords: public-private partnership, multinational corporations, state, political conflicts, international relations, political science, energy security, national security, political process, energy diplomacy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.13123

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2014.4.65512

Abstract: This article focuses on Latin American countries of the World War I period, and their relations with Russia at that time. The Latin American evaluation of the Russian army’s role is also a subject of scrutiny. 2014 is the 100- th anniversary of the beginning of WW I, and this is a good reason to rethink this war, to discover its new facets and pages. This is particularly true in case of seldom studied topics of Latin America in this global conflict. This is closely relevant to Latin America’s views on Russia’s participation, given that this area is almost touched in both, Russian and Latin American research. The methodological basis of this research consists of the systematic, structural and functional, cultural and civilization-based, comparative and historical approaches, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, modeling. Largely poor coverage of the WW I policies of this region’s countries is defined by their stance in this period. Major countries like Argentine, Chili, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela and Paraguay remained neutral, while Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay and Ecuador, formally severing ties with Germany, never declared war on it. Only in 1917 Brazil, Cuba and several central American republics declared war on the Axis countries, however only Brazil had major contributions, and it occurred by the end of WW I.

Keywords: conflict, World War I, history, Latin America, policy, administration, state, Russia, Entante, Argentine

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.16913

Abstract: This article presents a study of the mechanisms and technologies of color revolutions and attempts to identify their role in the destabilization system for contemporary governments. Despite the fact that almost all the conflicts of recent decades did not proceed by the familiar and classic textbook schemes of the art of war, today many, seemingly prosperous countries can, in a flash, descend into a state of chaos and destruction through the intervention of another State. The methodological basis of this research is a systemic, structural and functional, comparative political approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation.In the current context of growing political instability, Russia has to closely monitor all the changes political and military situation in the various regions of the world and find appropriate ways and means to respond to them. That is why today you need to carefully study the special, new type factor that impacts the international security system, which is called "color revolutions." To generate a solid foreign policy and to make the right political decisions if is necessary to understand the characteristics and the nature of the technologies of color revolutions, to learn how to counteract them and control them.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0730.2015.4.67136