DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2017.9.24299

Abstract: The object of the research is taxation of immovable property in the OECD countries and in the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the approaches to implementation of basic elements of taxation of immovable property and measures on improvement of the order of their collection. In her research Loginova examines principles for defining the main elements of immovable property taxes applicable in the OECD countries as well as analyses their correspondence to theoretical concepts of this kind of taxation. Special attention is paid to the directions of reformation of immovable property taxation in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation.  In the course of her research and interpretation of the material the author has used general research methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy, supervision, description and generalization) as well as specific research methods (statistical series analysis, statistical methods, methods of comparison, grouping and table method of representation of the data). Based on the analysis of conceptual approaches to taxation of immovable property the author has described principles of definition of taxable objects and principles of establishing tax base, tax rates and benefit tax regimes. It has been stated that the main principles of implementation of taxes on immovable property in the OECD countries correspond to the basic traits of classical conceptions of taxation of immovable property. The author has also defined methods of establishing basic elements of taxation of immovable property realized in practice in foreign countries (objects of taxation, order of implementation of decreased/increased tax rates considering the amount of taxable value and the kind of immovable property, tax base, benefit regimes, reforms in the OECD countries). The author has determined that reformation of taxation of immovable property in the Russian Federation is in line with the tendencies of developed countries. She has also identified factors hindering fair and even distribution of the tax burden in the taxation of immovable property and increase of corresponding revenues of the budget.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2017.9.23534

Abstract: The subject of the research is the concept of unjustified tax benefit that is closely related to the tax evasion. Unjustified tax burden was introduced in the practice of tax authorities by Decision No. 53 of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation on October 12, 2006 and, according to teh author of the article, is a threat to the society. In this article Rusakova analyzes the problems arising in the process of proving the fact of taxpayers' being granted unjustified tax benefit. It is a result of the fact that the current tax legislation does not establish particular elements of taxpayers' treacherous behavior aimed at abusing tax rights. The author analyzes particular legal provisions associated with the concept of unjustified tax benefit. In the course of research and analysis of information and statistical data the author has used economic statistical methods. The research methodology is based on the systems analysis of tax legislation and arbitration case laws. As a result of her research, Rusakova offers to create the Institution of Tax Experts in order to preserve elasticity in the process of tax legislation application and avoidance of excessive tax risks for both taxpayers and tax authorities. The Institution should also develop theoretical and methodological recommendations that help to differentiate between treacherous tax evasion behavior and standard tax optimization. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2017.9.24302

Abstract: The subject of the research is the impact that tax benefits and other fiscal policy measures have on the tax burden of production factors. The object of the research is the labor and capital tax burden. Particular attention is paid to assessing the impact of investment tax incentives on the level of tax burden. The preferences related to the income tax are treated in detail, both in terms of tax rates and the tax base. There is also a quantitative analysis of the organization property tax benefits. The calculation of effective tax rates is used as a methodological basis for the analysis. The method for estimating income tax shortfalls using the amortization premium and accelerated depreciation is proposed. The prevailing role of these allowances in decreasing the tax burden in comparison with the exemptions and reduced rates of corporate income tax is substantiated. In order to stimulate investment activity it is proposed to decrease the tax burden on labor in addition to the measures reducing the effective income tax rate.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2017.9.24240

Abstract: Subject. The subject of the research is the economic relations arising in the process of administering the tax on personal income. The personal income tax is a tax that acts as a means of solving social and economic problems and allows redistributing the social product among various categories of the population in order to reduce social inequality and maintain stability in society. The state fiscal and regulatory policy in the sphere of taxation of individuals is a component of the state financial policy aimed at optimal provision of the state with financial resources and legal regulation of the incomes of members of society. However, the current system of income taxation in Russia needs to be revised in connection with the insufficient implementation of the principle of social justice. Objective. The authors of this article emphasizes the need to switch to a progressive scale of taxation on personal income tax in order to implement the principle of social justice of taxation of citizens. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the procedure for granting tax deductions for personal income tax and make recommendations for their reform at the present stage. Methodology. The study of problems of the practice of levying the tax income of individuals was based on the following research methods: comparison, analysis, and synthesis of theoretical and practical material. Results. Recommendations for improving the tax on personal income at the present stage are presented. The dynamics of tax revenues for personal income tax in the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and the budget of the Republic of Dagestan is analyzed, and so are the main factors influencing the collection of the tax in question. Contribution of the authors to the topic is thei recommendations for the introduction of a progressive scale of taxation, not only for individuals, but for individual entrepreneurs, the possibility of reviewing the procedure for the provision of standard and social tax deductions, as well as in implementing measures to improve the efficiency of the tax authorities and a number of other proposals. Conclusions. The scientific component of the research is to substantiate the existing problematic issues of taxation of personal income in the Russian Federation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2017.9.23552

Abstract: The subject of the research is corporate accounting statements. The object of the research is the evaluation of the quality of corporate tax statements which is an important task of tax authorities. The authors of the article examines particular aspects of the quality of statements which plays an important role in the decision-making process to be performed during tax auditing of taxpayers, obtaining information to calculate tax burden, investment, and financial planning. The authors of the article describe prospects for conducing an in-depth tax control using the new model and expanding tax control methods and demonstrate opportunities that can be provided by financial economic analysis when analyzing decency of accounting statements, and efforts to combat accounting manipulations. The authors review a new model for analyzing decency of accounting statements as an algorithm for discovering accounting manipulations. According to the authors, it is a new dawn and a breakthrough for a financial analyst. The model offered by the authors present a new set of activities and analytical tools that are very technological in implementing modern data processing methods and economic in time and labor costs. The main conclusions of the research is the opportunities provided to tax authorities when implementing the model including the opportunity to give a fast and clear answer to the question whether accounting statements are biased without analysing documents, transfer check and expensive and long audit. The authors' contribution to the topic is the fact that they overcome limitations of the foreign model such as sketchness and model parameter set calculated on the basis of foreign states' experience and make it applicable under Russia's conditions. As the authors' practice in implementing the model in Russia demonstrates, the model is applicable under Russia's conditions and provides certain opportunities. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors apply a foreign model of fair accounting analysis (Beneish Model) and carry out an in-depth analysis of basic relations to obtain a clearer picture as well as describe prospects of launching this model for consolidated statements database that involves thousands of companies which can produce an effect for mass monitoring by tax authorities.