DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.43930

EDN: DVJKNF

Abstract: The object of the study is crimes against road safety and the operation of transport, as well as the activities of the subject of the investigation aimed at fully establishing all the circumstances of a traffic crime. The subject of the study is the regularities of the situation and mechanism of this group of crimes and the regularities of the investigator's activities to establish them during the investigation. When forming conclusions, the author was guided by the analysis of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, other laws regulating the investigation of this group of crimes, the theoretical foundations of criminalistics, materials of investigative and judicial practice, in addition, he used the results of a survey of 137 full-time employees of investigative bodies in the Krasnodar Territory who have practical experience in investigating crimes against road safety and operation transport. The author examines in detail the specifics of the investigator's establishment of the situation and mechanism of a traffic crime, with special attention paid to the issues of detecting and obtaining information about the incident recorded by technical means of objective control. The authors note that when investigating a crime against road safety and the operation of transport, a competent study by the investigator of the situation and the mechanism of the crime is a key component of his cognitive and certifying activities to establish the truth in a criminal case. The conducted research made it possible to identify certain shortcomings allowed during the detection, removal and fixation of traces, during the inspection of the road network, at the scene of the incident, the author also notes the low level of use of information technologies by investigators when establishing the mechanism of a traffic crime. The authors suggest ways to eliminate these shortcomings: in order to obtain objective data about the various circumstances of the accident, it is necessary to use more actively the information recorded by the technical means of objective control, to implement in investigative activities a program for computer modeling of the mechanism of an accident.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.44102

EDN: HEGABU

Abstract: The subject of this study is the problem of the formation of legal awareness and legal culture among the representatives of the younger generation aged 14 to 18 years. The author notes that the legislator has a fairly broad understanding of the term "youth" (from 14 to 35 years old) it does not take into account that this category includes citizens with different levels of legal culture. Particular attention is paid to the question of the need to use pedagogical methods of forming the legal consciousness and legal culture of young people in order to create a rule of law and a healthy civil society. The problem posed in this article is considered from the pedagogical and legal points of view of the age periodization of youth. The article highlights three main problems of the formation of legal awareness among young citizens. Thus, there is an acute competition between the education system and the social environment of a young person for providing him with knowledge about the law. Pedagogical efforts to form ideas about the law in the older student are often offset by the imposition of incorrect images from the social environment. This problem is also becoming more acute due to the widespread development of digital technologies, the active users of which are young citizens. Finally, the problem of organizing legal education in connection with the entry of young citizens into the age of criminal and administrative types of legal responsibility requires independent development.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.68720

EDN: HMPEGE

Abstract: The subject of the study is the classification of special equipment of the internal affairs bodies, the grounds for its classification, the requirements for the names of groups of equipment. The object of the study is the normative legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, containing information about the concept of "special equipment of internal affairs bodies", about its division into groups reflecting the system of scientific and technical information adopted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as scientific works devoted to classification as a method of scientific research, educational literature in this subject area. Using scientific methods of cognition, such as induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, classification, the authors discuss the concepts of "special", "technique", "special technique of internal affairs bodies", contradictions in regulatory legal acts reflecting the classification of the above-mentioned technique. The novelty of the study lies in clarifying the concept of "special equipment of internal affairs bodies", identifying criteria for attributing technical means to this group. The choice of a universal basis for classification, such as the purpose of technology, is justified. The division of special equipment of internal affairs bodies into groups has been carried out and their names corresponding to the terminology of state standards and departmental regulatory legal acts have been proposed. The main result of the work is the development of a draft structure of the List of samples (complexes, systems) of special equipment accepted for the supply of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to supplement its content with the sections "Special equipment", "Conventional equipment", "Equipment" and adjust the name.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.40734

EDN: HMTMTS

Abstract: The object of the study is such an integral part of the professional service and physical training of employees of internal affairs bodies as fire training. The main purpose of fire training classes is to teach a police officer the skillful use of weapons, the conduct of accurate fire and its lawful use. To do this, it is necessary to "... create an official basic methodology of fire training for law enforcement officers using existing experience in the use of weapons" and highlight the role of the teacher in its implementation. Currently, everyone in various educational organizations uses a methodology based on the professional experience of teachers. The main conclusion can be considered that the educational goals of fire training classes are achieved, including the pedagogical work of teachers in the classroom. These classes should be conducted systematically, consistently and comprehensively. Theoretical classes should be fixed in practical classes. The material part of the weapon should be closely linked to the study of the basics and rules of shooting. The studied topics should be associated with new educational material, work with weapons – with its use, etc. In the classroom, teachers need not only to manage the learning process in the group, but also to implement an individual approach to each listener. Such work of teachers will contribute to the most effective training of employees in the lawful and effective use of weapons.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.43975

EDN: FVWGAE

Abstract: The subject of the study is the development of methodological recommendations for taking into account the peculiarities of escapes by suspects and accused of committing crimes during professional training in the basics of the security and escort service of police officers. The object of the study is professional training in the basics of the security and escort service of police officers. The article discusses the peculiarities of the escape of suspects and accused of committing a crime during the implementation of security and escort measures. The author gives examples of ways to carry out escapes and analyzes the reasons for their commission. Attention is focused on the need to take into account the peculiarities and use of this experience in the training of employees of security and convoy police units during the implementation of professional training programs for employees of internal affairs bodies. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of preventing illegal actions in the modern world and, accordingly, the importance of improving the effectiveness of training of security and convoy police officers. To this end, the author has developed methodological recommendations for taking into account the peculiarities of the escapes of suspects and accused of committing crimes during professional training in the basics of the security and escort service of police officers. It is based on departmental regulatory legal acts defining the procedure for the protection and escort of suspects and accused, as well as instructions, reviews and methodological recommendations prepared by units engaged in methodological support of official activities, as well as the opinion of the scientific community competent in this matter.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.43731

EDN: FYIZVM

Abstract: The subject of the study is the peculiarity of the use of the principle of visibility in the study of methods of escape from custody by suspects (accused) by employees of the security and convoy units of the police. The author draws attention to the fact that for criminal-legal characteristics at different times, including today, not all methods of escape from custody are important, however, it is necessary to know and recognize them for each police officer, since favorable conditions for escape from custody are more often created by themselves employees of security and convoy units. Using the acquired knowledge, a police officer will be able to reproduce the situation in practice and prevent the escape from custody. The article notes the professional qualities that an employee of the security and convoy service must possess in order to successfully solve the tasks assigned to him and the orientation of training that can contribute to the development of these qualities. The author considers the importance of applying the principle of visibility in teaching, justifies the use of specific means of ensuring visibility that can be illustrated to students, and provides examples. The article examines the violations that contribute to the escape from custody, the methods of its commission, in the study of which examples are used in the form of tables, graphs, photographs, video clips, extracts from court decisions. The position is substantiated that using the principle of visibility improves the perception and memorization of information

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.43904

EDN: GAJDRM

Abstract: The subject of the study is the method of using paintball and airsoft weapons in the rifle (fire) training of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the study is to develop and scientifically substantiate shooting exercises using paintball and airsoft weapons to increase the fire readiness of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The study revealed the problem of increasing the level of fire preparedness of graduates of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which can be solved by using paintball and airsoft weapons in the rifle (fire) training of students. This will increase and improve their skills and high-speed shooting skills, taking into account the real conditions for the use of weapons by employees of the RF Department of Internal Affairs. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the development of shooting exercises and methodological methods for their implementation, since the existing exercises of the Shooting Course do not fully meet the real conditions for the use of weapons by employees of the RF Department of Internal Affairs. The scientific novelty lies in the development and scientific justification of the methodology for the use of paintball and airsoft weapons in the training process of fire training of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The practical significance lies in the fact that the developed shooting exercises using paintball and airsoft weapons will bring the tasks of the educational process closer to the real conditions for the use of weapons by employees of the RF Department of Internal Affairs, choose the appropriate means and methods of training, as well as the amount of physical and mental exertion. The results of the study can be used in the training process of fire training of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.48497

EDN: GEPPNA

Abstract: The author in the presented work discusses the topical issues of using the individual trajectory for the students' learning in the educational process of the departmental education system, undergoing professional retraining according to the programs of additional professional education, as an effective pedagogical tool for the formation of the necessary professional competencies. A variable methodology for the formation of individual educational trajectories is proposed, based on the analysis of the needs and capabilities of each student according to vocational training programs in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In the course of applying the possibilities of an individual learning trajectory, it is assumed that this will contribute to a more effective formation of the necessary knowledge. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the individual learning trajectory, in turn, allows students in a creative format to choose topics that are important in their opinion and scientific and practical directions that most accurately correspond to their needs and interests, and at the same time, in cooperation with teachers, acquire serious practical experience in this field. The pedagogical idea, from the point of view of organizational aspects, is that each educational organization should have a regulatory, legal and pedagogical opportunity to implement individual learning trajectories of students as an effective way to improve the learning process, focused on obtaining fundamental knowledge by students in all areas of science and practice