International Law and International Organizations - rubric International law and international organizations interaction

Abstract: The questions of peace and security are of utmost importance for the government of each African state. In Africa, the conflicts flare up much easily that in majority of countries in the world. After the end of cold war, over a third of peacemaking operations of the United Nations worldwide took place in Africa. As the regional and subregional organizations adopt the path of helping to maintain peace and security in Africa, the role of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in the sphere violence control in the West African subregion is being doubted by a the strategic mechanism for peace and security of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). This article examines the peacemaking capabilities of ECOWAS as a regional authority tasked with maintaining peace in the subregion; as well as discusses the structure of its establishment, application of its mandate in conflict resolutions, organization’s tasks in fulfilling its obligations, and the success it was able to achieve. The article traces the connection between France, as former colonial power in Africa and WAEMU, implies a program that duplicates ECOWAS’s role in maintaining security, peace and order in the West African subregion. This author underlines that WAEMU can manifests as a geopolitical mechanism of France for regaining its dominance over the West African states and Africa as a whole.

Keywords: geopolitical mechanism, deploy, brigade, modernization of armies, community levy, West Africa, ECOWAS, WAEMU, Standby Forces, peacebuilding

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2023.2.40403

Abstract: The subject of the study is the legal personality and external competence of an international organization (integration association) and the European Union itself. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as: the concept of the legal personality of an international organization, the concepts of competence and external competence of an international organization, international trade agreements of the European Union in the context of the implementation of external competence, sources of external competence of the European Union, types of competence of the European Union, types of international agreements of a commercial nature of the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the legal sources of the external competence of the foreign trade nature of the European Union and the classification of contracts concluded with a third party of the European Union. The main conclusions of the study are the definition of the legal personality of international organizations and integration associations, legal sources of external competence of an international organization and, in particular, the European Union. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic and, at the same time, scientific novelty is the classification of international agreements concluded on behalf of the European Union jointly with member states in the context of the specifics of the implementation of its external competence of a trade and economic nature. The recommendation for the Eurasian Economic Union is also a scientific novelty, based on the experience and features, as well as the speed of concluding international treaties by the European Union.

Keywords: type of treaties, judicial practice, international treaties, EAEU, EU, trade agreements, external competence, integration union, legal capacity, prospects of treaties practice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2023.3.41042

Abstract: The author examines the activities of the international community in the field of climate and weather forecasting on the example of the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), whose members are more than 180 states, including the Russian Federation. The goals of this organization are determined, as well as the main activities to date, including the main projects in the field of climate forecasting. WMO projects such as "GROKO", WMO Information Systems included in strategic plans implemented by the organization within a period of 4 years are being considered. The interaction of WMO with Member States, as well as with other international organizations, for example, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), was considered. The author analyzes the activities of the WMO and examines the last World Meteorological Congress, held from May 22 to June 2. The key points that were put up for discussion are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn on the updated WMO policy, taking into account the statements made by the congress participants. The author also discusses the role of modern technologies in weather forecasting, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) in particular. Examples and possible legal problems of the use at the international level of various means of obtaining information about various climatic phenomena and natural disasters throughout the planet Earth are given.

Keywords: natural phenomena, remote sensing, artificial intelligence, modern technologies, legal regulation, WMO, UN, environment, weather, climate

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2013.2.8085

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2017.4.25054

Abstract: The subject of this research is the norms of the constituent agreements of the European Union, concluded by the EU member-states since 1992. The object is the Article J.4, Declaration of the Western European Union of the Treaty on European Union; Article J.7 of the Treaty of Amsterdam; Declaration on the European Policy and Defense, and Defense of the Treaty of Nice; Articles 28 A – 28 E, Article 188 R, Protocol on Permanent Structured Cooperation, established by the Article 28 A of the Treaty of Lisbon. The author examines the institutionalization of the European Defense Agency, which activity is aimed at the creation of financial and technical base for conducting the general security and defense policy of the European Union. Special attention is given to consideration of the legal base of cooperation of the European Union with NATO in the military political sphere. The main conclusion lies in the fact that the norms of primary law of the European Union form the basis of its activity in the area of security and defense. The author’s main contribution is that this article represents an integral, unified by the common idea innovation case study, which conclusions carry a great practical importance for establishment of the defense policy of Russia with regards to the EU member-states and EU overall. The scientific novelty is define by the fact that European Union was endowed with the defense function through adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon that establishes the general security and defense policy.

Keywords: NATO, Treaty of Nice, Treaty of Lisbon, Treaty of Amsterdam, Treaty, security, defense, EU member-states, European Union, European Defense Agency

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2022.2.26085

Abstract: The post-Soviet countries are one of the main directions of Russian foreign policy, and the problems of national and regional security are key to the current agenda. These issues are dealt with by several international organizations in the region, while their functions overlap and there is no clear coordination between them. As a result, it becomes necessary to set priorities for Russian diplomacy in relation to these organizations. The article compares two international security organizations - the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization - in terms of their effectiveness as institutions of international relations and compliance with Russian interests. The comparison is made through the history of the formation and development of these institutions, as well as the adopted regulatory documents and ongoing projects of the CSTO and the SCO. The scientific novelty of the research is the preference of one organization over another, while the result of most such studies is a statement about the need to make efforts for their parallel and full development. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that it is expedient to give priority to the development of the CSTO. The conclusion is made on the basis of the original goals of the founders of the organization, the alignment of forces in them, the dynamics of their development, their institutional problems and the elaboration of their conceptual documents.

Keywords: social institution, international relations, social organization, national security, regional security, CSTO, SCO, postsoviet region, non-traditional security threats, national interest

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2022.4.39227

Abstract: The subject of the study is the international legal cooperation of the EAEU and its member states, on the one hand, and UNIDO, on the other, in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres in the context of the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the political and legal mechanisms of cooperation between the EAEU and its member states with UNIDO, represented by political, organizational, legal and regulatory legal instruments. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that, taking into account the development of industry against the background of modern challenges, there is an objective need for cooperation with international organizations operating in the industrial sphere and having knowledge and experience in promoting industrial development and updating the technological base. As a result of the conducted research, the relevance of cooperation between the EAEU and its member states with UNIDO in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres is substantiated in the light of the strategic guidelines of the EAEU and its states in the field of reindustrialization. The author revealed the content of the political and legal mechanism of interaction of the EAEU member states with UNIDO and at the same time determined the specifics of the content of the political and legal mechanism of interaction between the EAEU and UNIDO. The novelty of the research lies both in the systematization of data on the international legal cooperation of the EAEU and UNIDO in the scientific, technical, industrial and technological spheres, and in the development of proposals for improving its political and legal mechanism, which is not only theoretical, but also practical.

Keywords: innovative development, green technologies, Eurasian Economic Commission, sustainable development, digital technologies, technical assistance, program regulation, reindustrialization, UNIDO, EAEU

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2019.1.26208

Abstract: Discussions regarding the impact of regional trade agreements (RTA) have exceeded the framework of theoretical polemics long ago. RTA are of great importance for the international trade overall. Yet there are multiple gaps in legal regulation of the questions concerning execution and effect of the regional trade agreements that should be addressed. One of such gaps is the functioning of the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA). The relationship between RTA and WTO, which are the object of this article, carry a horizontal character that affects the international trade overall. Despite the fact that the states engaged in RTA reduced the functions of CRTA to mere formality, the Committee on Regional Trade Agreements, which manifests as a subject of this research, remains a significant element within the system of WTO. The conclusion is made on the need for amending legal regulation of the activity of CRTA for increasing its efficiency, which would have a positive impact upon the international trade system. The author suggest specific formulization of the Articles GATT-94 that are essential for filling the gaps.

Keywords: Custom Union, GATT, International Trade, DSB, WTO Commettee, WTO, Regional Trade Agreements, Integration, Free Trade Area, Common Market

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2023.2.40943

Abstract: This work is the first part of the article, the subject of which is the practice of fulfillment by Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso of international obligations to protect the transboundary object of the world natural heritage of the "W-Arly-Panjari" Complex, as well as the practice of managing activities for the protection of such an object as Wadden Sea, located in the territories of Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. The authors highlight the general problems of protecting world heritage sites in the framework of the implementation of the provisions of the Convention, as well as review and analyze the main activities for coordinating the actions of national authorities to preserve and maintain unique natural complexes, in particular, in terms of the implementation of management plans. The analysis of the experience of cooperation between the authorities of Benin, Niger and Burkina Faso with the authorities of the world heritage protection system in relation to the W-Arly-Panjari Complex, as well as Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands in relation to the Wadden Sea, leads to the conclusion that the interaction of national and international funds is effective protection of nature and the need to develop measures aimed at strengthening cooperation between states, including within the framework of the functioning of supranational systems and legal institutions in order to preserve transboundary natural heritage sites.

Keywords: World Heritage Committee, environmental law, legal protection, international law, world heritage, international organizations, Wadden sea Plan, Wadden sea, Tripartite agreement, Transboundary objects

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2022.1.38082

Abstract: The object of the study is public relations arising from the interaction of international intergovernmental organizations, states, and non-governmental organizations in the framework of ensuring the human right to the highest attainable level of health and forming the concept of "global health governance". The subject of the study are international legal norms, as well as acts of “soft law” that determine interaction between the WHO and other international actors in the field of healthcare regulation. The aim of the research is to analyze the main peculiarities of "global health governance" concept in frame of international law in order to determine the main directions for improving the activities of the WHO at the present stage. The article was prepared using general scientific methods of cognition, including formal logical and situational, and private law methods, such as comparative legal, historical legal and formal legal. The novelty of the article lies in the conceptual understanding of the content of the concept of "global health governance" in the system of international health law. The article discusses the historical stages in the development of international cooperation in the field of health care in order to determine the main trends in inter-institutional cooperation for the further development of international health regulation. The author summarizes the main problems in the implementation of the statutory powers of the WHO, including the features of the development and application of regulatory legal acts of a binding nature, as well as acts of "soft law" in the activities of the Organization. The author substantiates recommendations for improving the activities of the WHO to ensure the effective implementation of the concept of "global health governance".

Keywords: non-governmental organizations, TNC, health protection, human security, international health law, the right to health, WHO, UN, global health governance, soft law

Abstract: The European Union acts on behalf of the member states. Where should responsibility rest, if the Union acts in violation of the European Human Rights Convention? The tendency is that the Union should join the Convention European Union.

Keywords: international organization, on behalf of the member states, ECHR, responsibility of the EU, violation of the European Convention, ECJ, ECHRts.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the mechanisms of cooperation of the states in the sphere of outer space between the two international organizations: the ESA and the CIS. Much attention is paid to the forms of cooperation, the issues to be dealt with, the mechanisms for the coordination of the efforts of the Member States. The comparative analysis of the normative bases and practical results shows the principal differences between the mechanisms of cooperation which are used in those organizations. The cooperation within the CIS currently faces considerable organizational and political diffi culties. The perspective of the ESA is in the greater integration of the ESA and the EU states in order to achieve the goals more effi ciently at the European rather than national level. The author comes to a conclusion that it is possible to use the experience of the ESA in order to develop cooperation in the sphere of space at the universal level.

Keywords: international law, space, cooperation, the NIS, the ESA, integration, commercialization, fi nancing, forms, Baikonur.

Abstract: The most typical tendencies for the development of the international economic order is the fact that international cooperation is constantly transferring from the bilateral to the multilateral regulation. The international multilateral and regional economic and fi nancial organizations are key to the international multilateral and regional economic and fi nancial organizations.

Keywords: international law, investments, sovereignty, arbitration, international, movement of capital, practice, economic, cooperation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2013.2.62782

Abstract: The peace-making activities of the international organizations, and mandatory states is a key instrument for the support of peace in the modern world. The peace-making activities of the USA and its NATO allies provide a vivid example in this sphere, since their psychological operations for the management of international conflicts around the world provide great amount of factual material and are reflected in official documents, normative acts, doctrines and strategic conceptions, showing the role and place of modern conflict management technologies in the international competition as well as in any forms of global and regional international conflicts, as well as their influence on the evolution of modern conflicts. It should also be noted that the use of international conflict management technologies for the peace-making operation currently takes place in the conditions of the formation of the new global order, formation of the new centres of power, changes in the role of the existing political institutions, military political blocks, and lack of balance in the traditional collective security mechanisms in favour for the radical means used for achieving the goals, which in turn makes the conflicts more difficult to manage ad to influence, calling for the new forms and methods for the outer management of the conflict processes.

Keywords: international law, peace-making activities, peace-making operations, international conß icts, legal regulation, subjects of law, the UN, the USA, the political technologies, legal coercion.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2013.3.9192

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2013.3.63249

Abstract: The Multilateral Organization Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN) is a form of cooperation among the Western donor states for the international organizations in the year 2002 at the institutional level, an it provides help for developing states. The main goal of the MOPAN is assessment (French – évaluation) of the efficiency of organization in the sphere of development facilitation at a multilateral level provided by international intergovernmental organizations and international non-governmental organizations. Since 2013, the evaluation sphere includes results rating (the correspondence between the working results of the international organizations and their goals), in addition to the management efficiency evaluation. The cooperation goals within the MOPAN include information exchange, harmonization and coordination. Taking into account that Russia is a donor state in a number of international organizations, and their work is evaluated by the MOPAN, it seems important to get acquainted with the efficiency and results ratings of these international organizations in accordance with its reports.