DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.34798

Abstract: The authors propose to combine logical inference with the apparatus of fuzzy sets. When each solution is associated with a set of possible outcomes with known conditional probabilities, the solution is chosen based on digital information under conditions of uncertainty. Therefore, the main purpose of using fuzzy logic in expert systems is to create computing devices (or software complexes) capable of simulating human thinking and explaining decision-making methods The purpose of the work is to describe in detail a reproducible standard method of constructing rules for the output of an expert system for various economic subject areas, using a universal knowledge base scheme To make decisions in a fuzzy system, it is proposed to use the process of identifying the structure of a rule - determining the structural characteristics of a fuzzy system, such as the number of fuzzy rules, the number of linguistic terms into which incoming variables are divided. This identification is carried out using fuzzy cluster analysis, which is carried out using fuzzy decision trees. The authors present a block diagram of the inference methodology based on fuzzy logic. The method of constructing rules and the algorithm of fuzzy inference presented in the article can be used in various spheres of the economy. The novelty of the work lies in the automation and integration of the system for determining fuzzy inference rules with the stage of collecting input data in the subject area

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.32708

Abstract: This article reviews the experience of application of VR-AR technologies (virtual and augmented reality technologies) for visual demonstration of production facilities in the process of engineering and operation. The three-dimensional modeling in CAD systems is commonly used as a means for development of construction documentation, visualization of work at different stages of engineering, and preparation of objects for engineering analysis. The authors believe that the use of AR-solutions not in parallel, but along with modern CAD systems for solution of engineering and design problems would allow avoiding design flaws and simplify the process of demonstration of projects. Based on the blueprints and three-dimensional models of the parts and assembly of two-stage reduction gear used  for lifting a thermal furnace in metallurgical production, within the framework of development of the Unity multimedia application is developed the AR application for visual demonstration of the device. As the guide mark for visualization is selected the assembly drawing of the reduction gear in digital graphical format edited in the Vuforia portal. The guide mark database is imported into the Unity environment, the logic of implementation of the technique for demonstrating the assembly of the device and separate parts is written in script program. The application is installed on a smartphone and tested; pointing the camera at the printed assembly drawing allows seeing the 3D model of the reduction gear from different angles, hide any details and scrutinize the device. The AR-applications developed according to the proposed method can be used in the process of training operational personnel, which would improve the performance and quality of work during installation and maintenance of industrial facilities, as well as for displaying the projects during exhibitions and presentations of new products.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.34243

Abstract: This article describes the author's proposal of cognitive architecture for the development of artificial intelligence agent of the general level (“strong" artificial intelligence”). The new principles for the development of such architecture are offered: hybrid approach in artificial intelligence and psychophysiological foundations. The scheme of architecture of the proposed solution, as well as the descriptions of possible areas of implementation are given. Strong artificial intelligence represents a technical solution that can solve arbitrary cognitive tasks accessible to humans (human level intelligence), and even beyond the capabilities of human intelligence (artificial superintelligence). The areas of application of strong artificial intelligence are limitless – from solving the current problems faced by humans to completely new tasks that are yet inaccessible to human civilization or expect for their groundbreaker. This study would be interested to the scholars, engineers and researchers dealing with artificial intelligence, as well as to the readers who want to keep in step with modern technologies. The novelty consists in the original approach towards building a cognitive architecture that has absorbed the results of previous research in the area of artificial intelligence. The relevance of this work is based on the indisputable fact that currently, the research in the area of weak artificial intelligence begin to slow down due to the inability to solve general problems, and the majority of national strategies of the advanced countries in the area of artificial intelligence declare the need for the development of new artificial intelligence technologies, including the artificial intelligence of general level.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.35005

Abstract: The object of this research is the modern service and production systems, the specific functioning of which lies in a set of sequential and parallel operations with a random duration. A fundamental peculiarity of such systems is the stochastic nature of the duration of a single operation, which depends not only on the external random factors, but also on the choice of resources, and namely on the operator. This substantiates the parallel solution of the task on making a schedule of mutually dependent operations and the task on assigning the operators. In the conditions of resource and time limits, this task is NP difficult and requires the development of algorithms for developing the solution that is close to optimal in the limited time. For the development of mathematical and algorithmic software to solve this task, the author used the critical path method and PERT method, incident wave method, and methods for solving the assignment tasks. As a result, the author acquired a mathematical model that considers the stochastic nature of the duration of a single operation, which depends not only on random factors, but also on the operators. Based on such model, is formulated the optimization task that allows finding the launch time and the corresponding operators to gain the most profit. Based on the analysis of existing approaches and the specificity of the task at hand, the author proposes the algorithm for solving the task founded on successive refinement of the time characteristics of operations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.35104

Abstract: The problem of numerical modeling of the formation (as a result of condensation growth and droplet collisions) and development of primary acidulous cloud considers various factors: the presence of temperature gradients, turbulence, direct solar radiation heating the air and walls of buildings, diffuse solar radiation (which describes radiation cooling), transfer of gaseous pollutants and their absorption by droplets. The author earlier formulated the corresponding complex mathematical model that takes into account the aforementioned factors. This article sets the task of testing the droplet component of this model through numerical modeling of the processes in the emerging cloud, with subsequent comparison of the results with theoretical and empirical correlations. The author obtained the new results of numerical modeling of acidulous cloud in the air over a vast urban area with high-density development  on the basis of the comprehensive mathematical model that takes into account the above listed factors and relies on the interpolation-sectional submodel of droplet phase. The author models the dynamics and kinetics of such cloud that absorbs gaseous sulphur dioxide; and obtains results on the intensity of absorption of this pollutant in the forming cloud. The comparison of these results with the known data (Hrgian-Mazin droplet distribution and interpolation ratio for the water level of the cloud) demonstrated quite a coincidence of droplet distribution and water level of the cloud. The conclusion is made on sufficient adequacy of application of the ecological model that includes a special submodel of droplet phase.  

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.33378

Abstract: The scientific research related to the use of eye tracking technologies are currently of particular relevance. A substantial area of scientific knowledge, in which it is feasible to use eye tracking technologies, is associated with the study of perception of visual information. One of the trends of such research is the examination of the impact of compositional construction of visual image upon its perception by the viewer. The object of this research is elements of graphic composition (stylistic and color solutions). The subject is the methods and algorithms for digital processing of graphic material. The article employs the computational methods of color correction, eye tracking technology, expert assessment, statistical processing of the obtained experimental data. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the development of methodology of preparing and conducting computational experiments for the impact of the stylistic solution of graphic composition upon its perception by the viewer. The technique developed by the authors has proven itself in carrying out the experiments for studying the effect of color solution of the frame upon its perception by the viewer. The study revealed the statistical significance of the impact of stylistic solution of graphic composition upon viewer’s perception. The hypothesis that abstract graphic compositions are difficult for viewer’s perception was statistically proven. The acquired results can be used in constructing complex graphic images, which require the speed of information perception to view them.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2021.1.31229

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of software development for automated control systems. The object of this research is the initial stage of this process – information survey of the object of automation. At the present stage, despite availability of quite an extensive list of automation means for the formation of information models of automated objects, this process is not always structured rationally. One of the reasons lies in the absence of methodology for the use of modern technologies for building information models. For solution of this problem, the author formulates a scientific and practical task for improving the process of information survey of the objects of automation based on the modern approaches and specialized means for their implementation. The article employs the methods of analysis and synthesis. Based on the analysis of peculiarities of building information models of automated control systems, in addition to the “classical” iterative approach, the author synthesizes the algorithms that are based on the principles of building the model from the output document of the program and sequential description of the operator's actions in the software on the input of information in fulfilling the functional tasks. The implementation of the proposed algorithms in practice may ensure the effectiveness of using modern automation means for information survey, by inserting into the process of software creation for automated control systems.