Abstract: One of the main tasks of artificial intelligence is to simplify the process of human-computer interaction by providing, in particular, the opportunity to communicate in natural language via natural language interface – software that accepts text message in natural language and either translate it into some formal language, or performs some actions based on the message received. In order to understand the meaning of the text the system needs to parse each word of a sentence and analyze the interrelation between the words. Parsing words in agglutinative languages at the first glance seems quite complicated, since such languages are characterized by a variety of derivational and inflectional affixes. However, the affixes in agglutinative languages express only one meaning, which leads to stringing affixes for different grammatical meanings. Another feature of the affixes is that they may be adjoined to the base from both sides. Also in agglutinative languages there’s usually no different types of declension and conjugation. One of the agglutinative languages is Bashkir languages, for which the Bashmorph software for automatic morphology analysis is created. The Bashmorph can determine the meaning of the entered word and detect its form, case and mood, check if it is plural or singular. Based on such program the frequency dictionaries, automatic translators, search engines can be built. Technical progress poses new challenges, brings new terms and changes the environment. All these changes are reflected in language which is a mean of communication between people, and in the future, between man and machine. Creation of natural language interfaces for agglutinative languages is an important task for preservation and further development of such languages.

Keywords: parser, grammar, parsing, agglutinating language, multiagent system, natural language interface, explainer, agent, human-computer interaction, intercommunicating system.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.10773

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63827

Abstract: The article describes main principles of the remote direct memory access technology (RDMA) in highperformance computing systems. The specific attention is given to the algorithms for data transmission to and from network. The author reviews standard algorithm for data transmission and RDMA algorithm on the example of TCP/IP-based networks. The author studies the most popular computational architectures supporting remote direct memory access, proves the effectiveness of RDMA for high-performance network architectures on the example of 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Using the theory of sets and calculations of processor\’s work cycles during the processing of network instructions and data the author compares performance of the nodes of computing system transmitting data via standard algorithm and nodes that implement RDMA technology. The article explains the expedience of RDMA implementation for compute nodes of high-performance architectures. In modern computer architectures computing nodes are interconnected via network, so a considerable amount of data is transmitted through network. One of the methods of improving the efficiency of computing nodes and the network as a whole is to offload processor of network computations with the remote direct memory access technology (RDMA). RDMA-mode is a technology for transmitting network data without CPU, directly from the network adapter buffer to application buffers, thereby freeing the CPU from processing network data. In high-performance computing architectures, systems the amount of incoming and outgoing network traffic is very high and the processing of network data occupies a large amount of CPU time, so the proposed technology of remote direct memory access is highly relevant to offloading processor of a specific computing node and hence to improving the performance of the whole system . Compared with the standard data transmission in which the processor of a compute node system completely handles network data RDMA technology frees the CPU from network load and makes it possible to focus all production capacity to internal tasks increasing the speed and reliability of the whole system.

Keywords: high-performance architectures, remote access, direct access, network technologies, processor performance, CPU performance, RDMA, network adapter, TCP/IP, data transmission, GigabitEthernet

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.9141

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.10542

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63829

Abstract: The article presents an approach for reducing the burden of queries to a non-relational database by using algorithms for tree-structured data storage. The performance of the data processing operations differs depending on the selected data structures. The study of different tree structures such as B+ trees, log-structured trees or fractal trees proved that tree-based algorithms operates faster than MySQL. The article reviews an LSM-tree algorithm in appliance to the document-oriented databases. The author describes algorithm for basic data operations such as creating, reading, editing and deleting. The proposed algorithm for operating with indexes is based on B or B+ trees. The disadvantage of such data structures is in the complexity of tree balancing when new index is added and high demands on resources because indexes are stored in RAM. Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM) is a data structure providing a low cost of indexing operations and high speed of adding and removing of data. LMS-based algorithm can be used for the horizontal scaling: each node forms a data sequence sorted by key. The range of keys for each server is stored at the master-server, which allows forming a request to the server storing needed data without additional queries. Thus an increase of the speed of data retrieval and the servers load balancing is achieved.

Keywords: databases, document-oriented databases, data structure, B+ trees, LSM-trees, non-relational systems, data retrieval, data processing, activity throughput, treelike structures.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63828

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of industrial buildings reconstruction. The authors present the algorithm of choosing of the optimal method and type of reconstruction based on the physical and moral deterioration of the buildings, which can significantly reduce the time of reconstruction and determines the most optimal method and type of reconstruction, based on the needs of the customer company. The software implementing the algorithm was developed. It allows to determine the sequence of the reconstruction works, the entire process is divided into specialized threads, arranged according to the optimal methods of reconstructions. The algorithm also calculates organizational and technological parameters, such as the need for machines/mechanisms, number of workers and shifts. The developed software allows not only to reduce the reconstruction time, but also offers an optimal calendar schedule for the chosen method of reconstruction matching the stated dates of reconstruction.

Keywords: reconstruction, automation, industrial buildings, physical depreciation, functional depreciation, technical and economic assessment, reconstruction degree, constraint of production, amount of work, processspecialized threads

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63826

Abstract: The article provides a formal description of the structure of objects of intelligent computer-aided design system of technological processes of forging on hammers, developed by the Institute of Engineering Science (Ural Branch) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Particular attention is focused on the system objects, their relations and changing their state under the influence of internal and external control factors. The authors note that each type of forging requires its own subsystem that takes into account all technological features and limitations of the technological process. The first level of integration is in the creation of unified system for all types of design of all standardized forging types. The second level of integration is associated with the embedding of the local system into the general PLM-complex as a one of the software products for the technological pre-production. The article reviews the interaction of properties, methods and events on a specific example of designing of the technological process of a step-shaped shaft. Based on the object-oriented programming technology the authors developed the class-objects of the integrated intellectual computer-aided design system of technological processes of forging on hammers for components of different configurations, implemented the methods and events for designed objects.

Keywords: properties, methods, events, integrated intelligent computer-aided design system, forging on hammers, technological processes, object-oriented technology, class-objects, design

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63830

Abstract: One of the main directions in the improving of automated design quality is in the use of new forms of automated design process organization. The model of design process is required to complete the task of managing the design process in the automated design systems. The design process can be represented by various models depending on the goals of appliance of the models, on the forms accepted and rules of their construction. The theory of Yoshikawa is in the most extensive use. The aim of the design process is to create a project solution that satisfies all requirements to the developed object mostly expressed in the technical assignment. The design process consists of design stages, design procedures and design operations. Stages are composed of design procedures, each of which in its turn includes a serious of design operations. The article describes the basic principles of the design flow, which are an important concept in the theory and practice of the computer-aided design. The authors compare the basic concepts of the theory of computer-aided design and project management, matches the basic concepts of the theory of computer-aided design and the project management methodology. The authors also present a web-based application for organizing the mechanisms of managing the design works in computer-aided design systems.

Keywords: design flow, computer-aided design, object recognition, axiomatic approach, formalization of the process, design, task of the management, network models, network diagram

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.10208

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.10546

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.9602

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.9138

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.8855

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63832

Abstract: The authors suggested an approach to solving a fundamental problem of artificial intelligence (AI) of formalization of the semantics of rational thinking with the use of cognitive modeling based on the concept of recursive (fractal) cognitive architecture and a hypothesis of invariant of organizational and functional structure of the process of intelligent decision based on the cognitive functions. This researches with previously suggested method of learning in a multiagent neural like systems based on the ontoneuromorphogenesis are leading to the creation of self-organizing multiagent emergent networks, capable of simulation of psyche functions, goal-setting and adaptive goal-directed behavior based on the semantization of reality and building social connections. The principles of cognitive organization of intelligent systems are tightly connected with multiagent division of functions in multicellular organisms. Cognitive centers as in human brain as well as in an artificial intelligent system should be made as active systems, interworking with each other on the basis of the collective optimization parameters, critical in the first place to maintain the integrity of the system and its survival. Formal description of the agent should take into account that agent’s behavior consists of actions, which are carried out in the agent’s habitat and require energy. It is also important to note, that the exchange of energy and information happens not only between agent and the environment, but also between inside agents (organs, neurons) of the agent of a top level of recursive cognitive architecture.

Keywords: multiagent systems, cognitive architecture, neural-like networks, intelligent systems, neural networks, agent, development, design, intelligent behavior, modeling

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63831

Abstract: Programming is characterized by a variety rules, techniques, methods and means of its implementation, applied depending on qualification, experience and individual peculiarities of programmers. The authors analyze the different algorithms of source code plagiarism detection and semantic noise values calculated by those methods for different source codes. The article presents algorithm based on the combined approaches of several text and semantic algorithms, shows the form to which the source code is transferred in the majority of modern algorithms, describes classes of the modern algorithms for plagiarism detection in software source code. As a result the authors present an improved algorithm for plagiarism detection suggested for use in educational practice to detect plagiarism in students’ works. The given algorithm combines features of both text and semantic algorithms, the computational part has high parallelization, which lowers the execution time in presence of computation power.

Keywords: plagiarism, source code, program code, token, semantics, semantic algorithms, matching coefficient, coefficient of commonality, metric, combined algorithm

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.8904

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63834

Abstract: The authors suggest method of teaching the tactical actions by simulating game situations in virtual reality. A database of players is filled on the server, the coach forms the attacking and defending teams, their initial placement and the location of implement at the field, that will be sent to the players’ computers. The players of attacking ream try to bring the virtual game object to the affected area or to hit the gate of the defending team. Players of the defending team tries to possess the virtual game object and to prevent the actions of the attacking team. The proposed method allows to simulate and unlimited number of game situations, analyze different scenarios and improve the game thinking and interaction of players. It can be used for tactical teaching in teams of varying level of training specializing in football, hockey, handball, rugby, basketball and other team sports.

Keywords: sports games, tactical training, computer technologies, virtual reality, individual actions, group actions, team actions, game thinking, young athletes, skilled athletes

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63833

Abstract: The author suggests an approach to formalization and presentation of collective expertise knowledge in a form of conceptual models, based on a functional-oriented technology. Implementation of the conceptual model in form of base of knowledge enables the ability to use expertise knowledge autonomously in solving the tasks of a simulation model structure synthesis. A mechanism of simulation model generation is in consequent appliance of formal rules of base of knowledge to its declarative data. The base of knowledge contains three groups of inference procedures. The first group of procedures provide the selection of the declarative knowledge needed to solve specific task (specific simulation model synthesis) from the entire base. The second group of procedures generates the composition and structure of the simulation model. The third group of procedures forms the informational connections in the synthesized model. Appliance of the formal-oriented approach at the stage of formalization of expertise knowledge provides adequacy of the structure of synthesized model to the tasks of the subject area and can significantly improve efficiency of the use of expertise knowledge in the modeling and study of complex systems.

Keywords: expert knowledge, conceptual model, base of knowledge, formal synthesis, rules of inference, algorithm, structure, simulation model, system dynamics, complex system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.10381

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.8831

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63836

Abstract: the article shows mathematical approaches to modeling of expanded reproduction processes in peasants’ (farmers’) farms, formulates the optimization task of defining rational parameters in crop farming, presents symbolic economic-mathematical model of optimization of peasant farming parameters, that reflects production, economic and technological conditions and requirements on the use of labor and land resources, on crop rotations, on defining volumes of production and sales in terms of volume and value, on demand for basic production assets, on determination of its wear and calculation of the amount of its depreciation, on insurance premiums and payments on short-term and long-term loans. The authors provides results of computational experiments on the six variants of solving the optimization problem, each represents a relatively independent task, reflecting a new production and economic situation. The article defines optimal parameters of a particular farm at various rates of accumulation, shows calculations of transition period to the optimal variant of use of productive resources, makes suggestions on the use of economic-mathematical methods and models, carrying out the computer experiments in economics and farm management on an extended basis.

Keywords: mathematical model, production parameters, computational experiment, the rate of accumulation, optimization, farm, expanded reproduction, task, optimality criterion, objective function

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0714.2013.3.63835

Abstract: the article presents the results of experimental study of geoelectric structure of the Earth crust held in Karelia. Simultaneous measurements of extra-low-frequency variations of the Earth electromagnetic field were held in August 2012 near Tolvuya village (Karelia) to determine the depth of crustal conductivity anomalies. The choice of this exact place was made due to the fact that in this area there are outputs of highly conductive shungite rocs on the Earth” surface. For the research five highly sensitive trinary geomagnetic-variation systems GI–MTS-1 where placed at a distance of 10.5 km from each other. The data was recorder at a frequency of 50 Hz. At all five systems the data processing was performed in two ways using magnetotelluric method (DOLE) and phase-gradient sensing to analyze the changes in apparent resistivity with increase of the depth. The phasegradient sensing method was developer in the St. Petersburg branch of the N. V. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and it requires at least three geomagnetic-variation systems placed in a triangle on the earth’s surface. Comparison of the interpretation results of the magnetotelluric method and method of phase-gradient sensing showed their good match.