Abstract: The subject of this research is the structural classification of antonyms of the Russian and Buryat languages. The object of this research is the cognate antonyms in the Russian and Buryat languages. The study of structural classification of antonyms of the Russian and Buryat languages allows to deepen understanding on the antonyms of Buryat language. The article examines the question of formation of cognate antonyms on the example of adjectives and verbs in the Russian and Buryat languages. Particular attention is given to determination of specific features in the structural classification of antonyms in the Russian and Buryat languages. The comparative-typological method that includes the approaches of observation, analogy, description, analysis of the obtained information, classification and generalization, became the key method for this research. The scientific novelty consists the first ever structural classification of antonyms in the Russian and Buryat languages from the comparative perspective. The author reveals the common and peculiar moments with regards to structural classification of antonyms of the Russian and Buryat languages. It is established that cognate antonymy in the Russian language is presented more extensively than in the Buryat language.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31119

Abstract: This article examines the new concepts in power engineering and their definitions such as grid, digitization, digital substation, virtualization, virtual power plant and others, chosen based on the materials of sectoral forums and scientific publications. The examples of various interpretations for certain terms are provided. For referring the new terms to the category of neologisms, the author suggests to apply the previously elaborated criteria. The methods of translating English terms into the Russian language are described. Using the method of continuous sampling, the author selected 19 neologisms in English language; definitive and structural-semantic analyses are applied. The conclusion is made that the indicated terms and term collocations may be considered as neologisms in a broad and narrow sense. The research is of theoretical and practical interest due to the fact that translation and unambiguous interpretation of new terms is essential to optimization of professional communication by the specialists in the field of power engineering.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.30905

Abstract: This article is dedicated to studying the impact of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering and their impact upon the formation of corresponding term system in the modern Russian, English and Spanish languages. In the course of research, the author examines the origin of the key genetic terminological units along with their certain etymological and structural-systemic peculiarities. The article determines and explores the main stages in development of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering from the perspective of emergence and functionality of the corresponding terminological units, interrelation of genetics with other spheres of human activity. The selection of Russian, English and Spanish terms pertinent to the sphere of genetics and genetic engineering – total of approximately 300 units picked from the books, scientific articles, electronic and printed dictionaries and glossaries, as well as Internet portals on the topic, served as the material for this article. The conclusion is made that the development of term systems of genetics and genetic engineering is inseparable from establishment of the corresponding referential spheres. It is underlined that the genetic terminology in the modern Russian, English and Spanish languages has a significant amount of terminological borrowings from other term systems, particularly biology, medicine, chemistry, physics, and others. Despite this fact and close link of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering with the aforementioned sciences, the spheres under consideration are independent and sector-specific, functioning within their terminological units.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31477

Abstract: Within the framework of studying axiological paradigm of the Mari national literature, this article examines historical time in this context with regards to Mari dramaturgy of the XX – XXI centuries. The object of this research is the key plays, which analysis allows tracing the dynamics of axiological interpretation of historical time as a whole, and historical theme in Mari dramaturgy of the XX – XXI centuries in particular: S. Chavain “Akpatyr” (1935); A. Volkov “Aldiar” (1981); K. Korshunov “Aksar and Yulavyi” (1979), dramaturgical trilogy of G. Gordeev (1995) “Örtӧmӧ on”, “Boltush”,“Myi om suko sadak”; L. Yandak “Silver People” (2010). Research methodology leans on the historical-typological and structural-semantic analysis of the works that helps to identify the axiological aspects in problematic of Mari dramaturgy of the XX – XXI centuries along with the means of their expression in the indicated historical timeframe. The article proves that since the very first Mari play until the plays of the XXI century, the dramaturgists focus attention on the protection of social and national freedom of the people, heroic self-sacrifice for the sake of this freedom, regarding them as values of historical time. A significant role in the plays of modern authors holds the problem of the unity of nation (G. Gordeev, L. Yandak); the dramaturgists emphasize the idea of faithfulness to the national traditions, including religious, which is common to all difficult historical periods for Mari people.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31514

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of using telic and atelic verbs of motion in the literary text. The material for this study became the epic by the Yakut writer Platon Sleptsov-Oyunsky “Nikolay Dorogunov – the Hawk of the Lena” (1936). Emphasis is placed on interrelation between the semantics of telicity/atelicity and the lexical-semantic subgroups of the verbs of motion. The folkloristic nature of this text allows the author to dedicate special attention to functionality of figurative verbs and their actional modifications. The application of functional-semantic approach determines the compatibility of the verbs of motion with contextual means of expression of telicity and atelicity of the Yakut language. Examination of interrelation between grammatical and literary structure of the text relates to the insufficiently studied questions of the Yakut linguistics. The scientific novelty consists the attempt to reveal the role of verbs in creation of the unique style of the writer based on the example of functionality of one of the main lexical-semantic groups of verbs. Among the style-formative approaches of the indicated tale are the high synonymy of the verbs of motion, their repetition and use as a part of parallelistic constructs. Figurative verbs, which comprise the majority of the Yakut atelic verbs, possess particular expressiveness. It is determined that telic verbs in this text are characterized with high compatibility with the contextual representations of outer margin.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31516

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the numeral, one of the parts of speech in Kadar language, referring to small non-literate languages of Dargin group (Nahsko-Dagestan branch of Caucasian languages). The following types of numerals are considered: cardinal, ordinal, multiple, distributive, and collective. Attention is focused on the formation of numerals and declension by cases, numbers and classes. In order to determine all peculiarities within the system on numerals characteristic only to Kadar speech, the material is compared with the data of other Dargin languages. The method of synchronic analysis became the key method for this research; methods of field work were used in the course of expedition in the village of Chankurbe of Buinaksk District of the Republic of Dagestan, in collection of information on the numerals in Kadar language. As a result of comparison of Kadar material with the data of other Dargin languages, the author determined and describes the peculiarities in the system of numerals, inherent only to Kadar speech. Particularly, it is established that composite numerals in Kadar language, from thirty to ninety, are formed without adding the suffix “-nu” to the score numerals; at the same time with simple numerals, following the score, is not used the suffix “-ra”.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31565

Abstract: The subject of this research is the folklore of Suntarsky Districts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The object of this research is the contribution of freelance correspondents to preservation of folklore their native region. The author cover in details the activity of the collectors of folklore of Suntarsky District – freelance correspondents of the Institute of Language and Culture (presently the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) I. Y. Nikolaev, T. T. Danilov. G. E. Fyodorov on recording and preservation of the samples of oral lore. It is underlined that their work was initiated by the prominent folklorist G. U. Ergis. The chronological framework covers the period from 1930’s to 1980’s. The author applied the comparative-historical method of research; the review was conducted using the chronology of scientific publications on the local folklore tradition of Suntarsky districts. The folklore notes made by the freelance correspondents of the institute Y. Nikolaev, T. T. Danilov. G. E. Fyodorov are stored in the manuscript collection of the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences since the prewar period; many of them are published in the academic and popular scientific editions, as well as introduced into the scientific discourse and reached mass audience, creating a holistic image of the oral tradition and folk art performers of Suntarsky Ulus.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31627

Abstract: The subject of this research is the role of snow in a psychological novel of the modern Jordanian writer Kafa Al-Zoobi “Leila, Snow and Lyudmila” (2010). The author describes the relationship issues between a man and a woman in the East and West; compares the Arab and Russian mentalities; raises a problem of happiness in the era of changes; underlines the problem of loneliness of our contemporary. The snow personifies a rampant, erratic and free male beginning. It is a symbol of the cold northern country, where all the characters of the novel reside. Snow embodies a pure blank page, on which the female characters can write their biographies; it helped them to become independent, liberating them from prejudices and insecurities. The applied methods of historical and systemic analysis demonstrate that snow personifies a mysterious Russian soul, which the foreigners try to understand. Some of them succeed (Leila), and some fail (Rasheed). Thanks to the Russian snow, the young lady from Jordan – Leila toughened up, built her career and found her true love. In the era of globalization, the theme of synthesis of the Eastern and Western culture and mentalities is relevant not only for the Russian and Arab society, but also the entire world.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31533

Abstract: This article examines the problem of analysis and interpretation of the literary hypermedia text. The object of this research is the electronic literary hypermedia texts in English language, while the subject is the textual parameters suitable for the analysis of texts of such type. The author meticulously reviews such textual categories as communicativeness (address), wholeness, connectedness, autosemantics, information capacity, topic, subject, and modality. Alongside the traditional textual categories, the article underlines the need for including the new categories, such as interactivity, visualization, nonverbal means for creating imagery, engagement and activeness of a reader. Despite the opinion that the nonlinear structure of hypertext literature prevents its analysis and critical comprehension, the author assumes that similar to any text, the literary hypermedia text possesses a set of categories and elements subjected to analysis and interpretation, while its interactivity, polycodeness, discretion and openness of the boundaries are not an obstacle for perception and understanding, but rather complement the traditional textual structure, leading to the emergence of new categories. As a result, it is determined in terms of analysis of the literary hypermedia text, besides the traditional categories should be considered the nonverbal means, such as graphics, audio and visual sequence, kinetic elements and their role in creation of imagery and realization of the author’s idea. The analysis of basic categories, with allowance for the typologically important nonlinearity and discretion of hypertext, must take place in parallel with the analysis of nonverbal components. The proposed parameters may underlie the creation of algorithm for the critical, philological analysis of the texts of such type.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31161

Abstract: The object of this research is the synthesis of the two seemingly distant from each other phenomena: the Holocaust tragedy and the “notes of naturalist”. A distinctive feature of cinematographic and literary works dedicated to Holocaust is the vital documented basis. The chosen topic by it self substantiates documentalism. Within the framework of mass literature, the reference to such topic is logical and justified. The writers strive for preventing the world from another similar tragedy. The comparison of literary and cinematographic texts allows following the synthesis of documental and fictional, which is the framework for all works in various types of art. The research traces the path of Diane Ackerman towards writing her novel “The Zookeeper’s Wife”, from the professional interest regarding preservation of animals in the conditions of occupation to referring to the history of Holocaust, resistance and heroism. The authors attempt to reproduce the events in Warsaw through the prism of specificity of the animal world, retaining the scientific view of the naturalist upon the nature of the events. The constant comparison of people and animals leads to a certain dilution of boundaries between these two worlds. The writer continuously puts the readers into a situation of ethical choice.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31763

Abstract: A significant place in heritage of the former Bashkir Sufi poet Muhammad-Ali Chuquri belongs to panegyric poems dedicated to the representatives of Muslim intellectual elite of the region – mufti, leaders of the mystical brotherhoods, mosque clerics, teachers in the religious educational establishments. These text are published only partially and assessed by literary scholars as not carrying any literary value, and thus not deserving special research. The author believes that the aforementioned writings represent a valuable source of authentic information about the Muslim religious figures of Bashkiria, as well as the records allowing to reconstruct the internal relationships and value orientations of Ulema. The texts of poetic panegyrics are viewed from the perspective of reflection of the socially and ethically approved qualities of educators (mudarrisat) of the Muslim educational establishments, literary and linguistic approaches of creation of their positive image. The article correlates the facts describec in the literary text with the archival data on the actual social situation of the prototypes of literary characters. The conclusion is made that along with the set by Islam character traits, high qualification in the taught sciences and engagement into the local religious tradition, one of the key qualities defining the positive assessment by contemporaries of the educators in Muslim educational establishments of Bashkiria was their noble origin, kinship with the representatives of military of religious elite, which may be associated with changes in the social structure of that took place in Bashkir society in the XIX century.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31814

Abstract: The subject of this research is examination of the development of Yakut fiction literature on the pages of the magazine “Sakha Sangata – “Voice of the Yakut” (1912-1913). The material for this study became the articles published in this magazine. The goal consists in determination of the role of magazine as an initiator of the Yakut fiction literature. Historiography of the question demonstrates that the magazine played an enormous role in education and growth of national self-consciousness of the Yakuts, as well as development of the sociopolitical and cultural life. The works of the founders of Yakut literature A. Kulakovsky, A. Safronov, V. Nikiforov and A. Gavrilov, who published their first articles in the magazine, had a great impact upon the rebound of public thought, and marked the conception of literary tradition in culture of the ethnos. The theoretical-methodological framework became the cultural-historical method, which views the conception of national culture as a product of social life and cultural-historical conditions in Yakutia of the XX century. As a results of comprehensive analysis of the materials in their genre development, it is determined that the literary principles of original publicistic writing have formed on the pages of first secular magazine, as well as the transition from the folklore tradition towards the authorial written literature has taken place. The novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of folklore and literary texts for revealing patterns the development of fiction literature. The conclusion is formulated that the launch of the magazine “Sakha Sangata” indicated the actual history of the Yakut literary lore, the moment that the national literature took the path of progressive development.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31180

Abstract: The subject of this research is the specificity of onomasticon of Krasnodar Krai in the 1940’s. The material became the 23,000 last names of the residents of four administrative-geographical objects located in the endpoints of the Krai with head up to interim cardinal points. The author calculated the correlation between the amount and parameters of anthroponomical units of onomasticons; selected and systematized from the perspective of volume, dissemination and semantic specificity of forming last names of first and second ranks (repeating first and second ten last names). Application of the method of antinomy allowed extending the research material due to Adyghe last names, adjust the representation of frequent last names of onomasticon of the Krai. Ethnic orientation of morphoderivational structure was defined with the help of ethnomarking affixes. The author revealed the indexes of Russian, Ukrainian and Armenian origin of the repeating last names. The specificity of onomasticon of the 1940’s manifests in polyethnicity and predominance of Adyghe last names in southwest of the Krai, presence of onyms of Urkanian origin, difference of repeating last names in particular districts. The records obtained by preceding researchers on the latitudinal dissemination of last names across Russia, acquire somewhat different view reflecting the specificity of settlement of Kuban.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31826

Abstract: This article makes an attempt of philological analysis of Platon Oyunsky’s poem “Farewell”. Systemic analysis of the poem at the sound, stylistic and ideological-imagery levels allows describing the attributes of P. Oyunsky’s innovativeness in using the syllabic verse of versification in the Yakut poetry, as well as determining the use of most frequency verbs and verb forms that endow the oeuvre meditativity and philosophicity. The authors reveal and explore the thematic fields: human and nature, time and space, human and society, death, poet and immortality. In the literary work, any element of the text is significant, as it carries a certain ideological weight, and thus, must be considered in the development of comprehensive philological analysis. A holistic philological analysis of the flagship poem of Platon Oyunsky is presented for the first time within the Yakut literary studies. The conducted philological analysis of the poem “Byrastɨ” (“Farewell”) once again proves the innovativeness and poetic mastery of P. Oyunsky. He was first in the Yakut poetry who used the syllabic verse and enriched its strophe. The poet in his work favors the nouns with the affix of belonging, mostly personal pronoun, which allows expressing his innermost feelings. Figurative and onomatopoetic words prevail among the verb forms, due to which the poem become not only lyrical, but also solemn and dramatic.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31879

Abstract: The goal of this article lies in examination of the “The Story of Tsarevich Chlor” by Catherine II from the perspective of interaction of the two ideological-stylistic elements – pastorality and courtliness, as well as analysis of context of the tale concentrated around settling the dispute between the old and new authors, which was brought into the mainstream by the French writers of the XVII – XVIII centuries. The subject of this article is the Russian-French relations reflected in the writings of Catherine II; the empress’ attempt to determine the role of the Russian culture and language in the world. Using the comparative-historical method, the author analyzes the The Story of Tsarevich Chlor”, which is compared to the “Map of Tendre” by Madeleine de Scudéry, and genetically links with some remarks of the empress presented in the “Antidote”. The research results demonstrate that Catherine II not only juxtaposed the Western European and Russian cultures, but also showed the interaction of one with another preserving the peculiarities and distinctness of the Russian lore depicted in its language. The novelty of this study consists in the comparison of the empress’ “The Story of Tsarevich Chlor” with the courtly novel of M. de Scudéry and determination of their genetic link. The conclusion allow to see the interaction of courtly and pastoral elements in the works of Catherine II from a different perspective.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31400

Abstract: The subject of this research is the review of the system of toponyms-conversions that are based on appellatives meaning the names of fauna of Bezhtinsky, Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Kazbekovsky, Tlyaratinsky, Hunzakhsky and Tsumadinsky districts of Dagestan. The article reviews the toponyms containing a biological term or name present in the Avar toponymy, and reflecting various stages in ethnolinguistic history of the region of residence of the Avars, which are one of the elements of their toponymic picture of the world. Their reflection and peculiarities of functionality in micro-toponymy are characterized. The problems of formation of the regional phyto- and zoo-toponymy attract attention of onomatologists, since they touch upon the subject of interaction between proper names and appellatives, semantics and functionality of toponyms. The scientific novelty consists in the thesis that despite their multiplicity, zoo-toponyms as the object of linguistics have been unaddressed. The author raises the relevant for the Avar toponymy questions: whether zoo-toponymic names reflect any real or metaphorical peculiarities of an object; as well as reveal their specificity and highlight the characteristic attributes. Examination of the names of zoo-toponymic formations, as most ancient lexical strata, is relevant with regards to revealing their potential in objectification of physical-natural living conditions of the Avar ethnic group, type and peculiarities of their economic activity, specificity of ancient beliefs and history of language allows establishing the historical path, restore the boundaries of settlement, outline the area of distribution of language.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31794

Abstract: The subject of this research is the determination and description of the structure and semantics of spatial cases, affixes ascending to somatic names in the Dargin literary language and its dialects, as well as the Lak language. In a number of cases, somatic names and their forms of spatial cases in the Dagestanian languages subsequently transform into the adverbs-postpositions, comprising the most ancient core of these functional worlds. Some of them, continuing to shed its particular meaning, transform into affixes of spatial cases. Such forms represent the Dargin-Lak isogloss and rise up to the era of the Dargin-Lak language unity. This lexicological research reveals the role of lexical units referring to one of the most ancient lexical-semantic groups in emergence of the grammatical forms of the language: gradual desemanticization of somatic names and their transformation into the affixes of locative cases. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the semantic changes, shifts in the meanings of semantic terms that gradually transform into the formants of spatial cases. Among the affixes, derivatives of the somatic terms, the author underlines the following: a) class, meaning the class of substantives, supported by somatism as the marker of a specific additive; b) nonclass, as the markers of a particular case that express the more general, indicative movement direction of an object towards a specific target, regardless of it is going to reach this target or not.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31121

Abstract: Religious discourse is a specific object of linguistic study, because the attention is centered on the worldview questions that are based on belief in the existence of higher power, affiliation with which points to a sacred nature. The subject of this research is sacredness, analyzed in the context of a religious discourse as its constitutive quality, which has a direct relation to the spiritual afterlife. Particular attention is given to the manifestations of sacred in the context of religious communication, its essential characteristics and functions. Sacred is referred to the category of topics that have always attracted attention of the scholars of various disciplines – sociological, phenomenological, and other. The main conclusion consists in the thesis that sacredness is a constitutive quality of the religious discourse that reflects the transcendent and immanent character of communication, as well as reveals such essential traits as the beauty, luminescence and spirituality. It is the source through which in the process of communication appear the apathetic and cataphatic divine qualities that affect the transformation of human being and unification of society, such as distinctness, eternity, omnipresence, almightiness, holiness and beauty.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31336

Abstract: The subject of this research is the examination of the literary-publicistic legacy of the prominent figure of the late XIX – early XX century, the reformist of Oriental education, enlightener of the Turkic world, publisher, and publicist Ismail Gaspirali. For thirty years, he issued a newspaper “Tercüman” in Crimea that became the paramount information source of its time, reflecting the relevant questions of the political and socioeconomic character. The author analyzes his publications through the prism of their structuring, use of functionally semantic types of speech, as well as compositional peculiarities. The following methods were applied in the course of research: comparative-historical, historical-functional, structural-typological, literary-biographical, intertextual and comparative text analysis. The conclusion is made that the compositional and structural specificity of newspaper publications of Ismail Gaspirali – from the concept and idea to turning into a journalistic work – represents a holistic arrangement of text that has all corresponding elements, giving a program tone to Gaspirali’s publicistic works.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31435

Abstract: This article is first to examine the question on gender stereotypes and gender inequality in the proverbs of Steppe Crimean Tatars at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries reflecting family relations. The subject of this research is the Crimean Tatar paroemiological fund of that time. Through the prism of male worldview are revealed the binoms “young man – young lady”, “fiancé – fiancée”, “husband – wife”, etc. The gender proverbs of Steppe Tatars are brought as an example. The main ideology of such proverbs is the threat to future emancipation of women, giving priority to the women, dominance in the family, substitution for androcentric worldview for gynocentric. Methodological and theoretical framework contains the compilations of Crimean Tatar paroemias of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, dictionaries and scientific writings of the prominent literary scholars. The scientific novelty consists in studying the gender stereotypes and gender inequality within the framework of paremiological fund of the Steppe Crimean Tatars. Their proverbs of that time develop the stereotypes and reflect the standard vision of family relations in third person. The society of Steppe Crimean Tatars of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries supported the positions of androcentrism and masculinity as a defining behavioral type.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.28167

Abstract: This article examines the problem of media ecology in entertaining online groups of the city of Cherepovets. The subject of this research is the code-switching in Internet memes. The object of this research is the Internet memes as a relevant web genre. The research material consists of 729 Internet memes, 102 of which are presented by code-switching from the texts of Internet memes collected via the method of continuous sampling over the period from December 2018 until August 2018. The article includes a brief theoretical review of the following fundamental terms: Internet memes, ecolinguistics, and analysis of the Internet meme texts from ecolinguistic perspective. Methodology is based on the quantitative and structural analysis of code-switching for determining the instances of its ecological and non-ecological use in the Internet meme texts. The scientific novelty consists in examination of code-switching of the Internet communication within the framework of ecolinguistic approach. The author detected the instances of ecological use of foreign-language elements in the entertaining online groups of Cherepovets, which is confirmed by the rare application of code-switching and absence of adaptation (translation and explanation). At the same time, the prevalent use of Latin alphabet complicates the understanding of media text and manifests as a non-ecological use of code-switching. The research material may be valuable in teaching foreign languages in the universities, as well as such disciplines as stylistics, bilinguology, and ecolinguistics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31381

Abstract: This article explores the phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms that have anthropocentric characteristics in the English language. Within the framework of the research, the author selected 49 phraseologisms with the elements – cosmonyms resolved into semantic components. Phraseological units of the English and French language with the elements-cosmonyms that have anthropocentric characteristics serve as the object for this research. The subject is the semantic specificities of these phraseological units. The selected phraseological units carry the characteristics of a person and their activity. The goal lies in the analysis of the English and French phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms. The works aims to determine the use of cognitive approach indicating the orientation of language towards the description of a person and their activity. The following methods were used in the course of research: continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries; analysis and synthesis in revealing the semantic peculiarities of phraseological units; classification for arranging the analyzed idioms in due sequence; quantitative method for comparing quantitative data and processing the results of sampling from English dictionaries; observation and generalization. The author suggests the ideographic classification of the selected phraseological; units; analyzes the semantics of phraseological units of the English language with the elements – cosmonyms. Practical relevance consists in the fact that the research result give a systemic representation on the use of phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms for describing the person’s character in English.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31590

Abstract: The subject of the research is the study of main derivational models of genetics and genetic engineering terms in the English, Spanish and Russian languages. The object of the study are the terminological units, selected in a total of about six thousand units. In the course of the work, the authors examine in detail the origin of some genetic terms, as well as their key structural and word-formative features. The main frequently and occasionally used models of term formation are revealed. The research methodology includes the methods of continuous selection, of comparative analysis, of reconstruction of the structural-derivational models in the English, Spanish and Russian languages, of component and definitional analysis, of etymological analysis, of quantitative and statistical analysis. The main conclusion of the study consists in the quantitative predominance of multicomponent genetic terms formed by syntactic models. Frequently used syntactic models are represented by various combinations of Nouns, Adjectives and Nouns, with the use of Prepositions, occasionally used models include Participles, Adverbs, etc. Morphological models are represented by suffixation and prefixation. Compounding, abbreviation and conversion are distinguished among the frequently used morphological-syntactic models. The derivational models may coincide or be different in the languages in question. The authors’ special contribution is the identification of these differences based on terminological materials of genetics and genetic engineering.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.29631

Abstract: The object of this research is the epic texts of Buaryat Geseriada presented in the Ehirit-Bulagat and Ungin storytelling traditions. The subject of this research is the image of Buddhist deity in the version of Buryat Geseriada. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the function of Buddhist character, as well as analysis of the symbols that comprise his name, detecting in each of them the modified forms of the most popular Buddhist character. In the course of the study, the author determines the substitutability with other epic characters related to Shamanic mythological images. The main research method became the comparative-typological method, which allows to compare the versions of the epic writings varying in place of existence, as well as identify their common images and ideas. The author is first to systemically examine the question of the function of Buddhist character in the Buryat epos, which has not been previously subjected to special research. The article also traces the peculiarities of his function on the epic text of Buryat Geseriada. The research represents a part of the comprehensive study of Buddhist elements and characters in the Buryat epic traditions, particularly in Geseriada.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31582

Abstract: This article examines the compositional structure of texts of the Mongolian heroic epos “Dzhangar”.The correlation between rising action and ending are viewed not only as the means of integration, wholeness, structural and thematic completeness of the text, but also as the key factor substantiating the realization of profound connotations. The goal of this research lies in determination of the functional role of rising action and ending in the texts of Mongolian heroic epos “Dzhangar” in its various versions. The object of study is the folklore of Mongolian ethnoses, while the subject it the texts of Mongolian heroic epos “Dzhangar” in its various versions. The scientific novelty consists in systematization of the questions of composition, description of the peculiarity of rising action and ending in the text of Mongolian heroic epos “Dzhangar”, and determine its expressive means. The author concludes that the rising actions of the various versions of “Dzhangar” are a significant part of epos, since they provide the important information on genealogy of the main character, depiction of his native land, wise and beautiful wife, and courageous warriors. Emphasis is made on the presence of the traditions for Mongolian versification anaphora, alliterations, and final rhythm. The endings in “Dzhangar” have the attributes of glorification and wishful thinking – one of the important genres of Mongolian folklore. There are certain motifs that allow reflecting the people’s dream of peaceful time using the artistic means.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.30985

Abstract: The subject of this research is the semantics of names of the parts of Yakut balaban (yurt), which is divided into right and left (male and female) sectors, and on the social grounds; according to the rituals, left part of the dwelling related to the Lower world, while right part – to the Upper world. These nomination have not been previously viewed within the system of the names of social groups, food, livestock, Shamans and other elements of the traditional color symbolism. Metaphorical names of parts of the yurt appear to be semantically and semiotically loaded; the analysis of their inner form determined an extremely capacious by content semantic structure, similar to the symbolic matrix of description of the world. The author uses a complex methodology: lexical analysis of the word is accompanied by culturological insights into the field of tangible culture, ritual practice, customs, etc. Examination of the dwelling as one of the key artefacts required the application of structural-semiotic method for studying the organization of its space. In comparing the language, mythological, folklore, ethnographic and other materials, the article follows the idea of semantic unity of the entire culture of the ethnos; at the same time, the text analysis remains predominantly linguistic. The novelty consists in determination of correlation between the linguistic and mythological structures: polysemy of nominations of the parts of dwelling finds substantiation in the context of the traditional worldview, characterizes with not only the spatio-temporal syncretism, but also the mythological identity of color, spatial directions, names of social groups, etc. The linguistic metaphor serves as a niche for cumulating culturally significant information, means of it compression and channel for translation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31548

Abstract: The subject of this research is the symbols common to the folk genre of British ballad. The object of this research is the text of English and Scottish folk ballads. Review of the main studies dedicated to the texts of ballads is presented. In the course of analysis of the ballad genre, the author attempts to determine its key features. Special attention is given to the analysis of artistic expressive means of the medieval ballad texts. Among the poetic means, the paramount function is assigned to symbols; therefore, the author explores namely the semantics of symbols and their lexical representation. The five-volume collection by Francis James Child “The English and Scottish Popular Ballads” served as the textological framework for this research. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to analyze the ballad poetics of the English and Scottish folk ballads. The article draws a number of conclusions on the identification of genre, describes its characteristic features, and analyzes the role of ballads within the system of folklore genres. The conducted research of the texts of British folk songs allows concluding that the central place in introduction of the main genre features is defined by the lexical means, among which an important place belongs to symbolism. Thus, ballad was not able to fully realize its genre categories and universalities without special tools that would allow formulating particular ideas. Ballads certainly represent a set of artistic expressive means, which attains a special function namely within the genre.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31187

Abstract: This article examines the English-language realities within the framework of literary text and their translation into the Russian language. The goal is to determine the patterns of application of the various methods for translating realities from the English language into the Russian based on the analysis of translation solutions (on the example of Daphne du Maurier’s novel “Rebecca”). The selected from the original text routine realities are analyzed from the perspective of the ways of their translation (on the basis of classification of V. S. Vinogradov) for determining the most productive out of them. In the course of research the author uses the methods of continuous sampling for selecting the language material; linguistic observation and description; quantitative estimation; and comparative method. The analysis of language material demonstrates that the most productive means for translation of routine realities of the English language into the Russian language imply adaptation, periphrastic translation, and calquing; then follow the transcription and transliteration. Less productive with regards to translation of routine realities became the hypo-hyperonymic translation. The theoretical importance and novelty of this study consist in the hierarchical arrangement of the material, systematization of translation solutions, and specification of the factors and solutions affecting the adequacy of translation of realities into the Russian language. Despite interest of the researchers to the process of translation of realities, practical aspects of the effectiveness of separate translation approaches and their combinations remain relevant. Analysis of the quality of translation equivalents, determination of the patterns for translating realities based on the material of literary texts may contribute to more profound understanding and solution of the problems of the theory and practice of translation of the non-equivalent lexis. The research materials can be valuable for pedagogical purposes and professional translation of English texts containing non-equivalent lexis into the Russian language.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31268

Abstract: The object of this research is the phraseoscheme with base component “even would…not” in the Russian language. The goal of this work lies in comprehensive description of properties of the indicated phraseoscheme. For achieving the set goal, the author solved the following tasks: 1) brief interpretation of the framework of the term “phraseoscheme”; 2) analysis and classification of the collected from the Russian National Corpus facts of use of the phraseoscheme in the fictional prose; 3) determination of semantic and structural variants of the phraseoscheme; 4) detailed examination of functional properties of the phraseoscheme “even would not + Vinf”, which prevails among the structural variants of the phraseoscheme under consideration. The conducted research allows concluding that the indicated phraseoscheme is mostly applied in the infinitive subject clauses rather than in subjectless clauses; at the same time, the subject may be verbalized or nonverbalized. The novelty of this work consists in the first ever attempt to analyze the indicated phraseoscheme as an independent phraseoscheme and demonstrate its structural variants. This could complement the list of phraseoschemes with the presence of subjunctive particle.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31535

Abstract: The subject of this research is the origin of the elements of Kyrgyz terminological combination “unaa juuguç jez” (carwash) commonly used in parallel to its Russian version in advertising discourse of the car service center of Kyrgyz Republic and emerges as a result of literal translation of the Russian word into Kyrgyz language. The authors examine the etymology of each element of the term in comparison of their correspondence in other cognate languages, as well as circumstantially substantiate the formal-semantic unity of the identical by origin words in various languages. Special attention is given to the commonness of Turkic-Sino root morphemes that testifies to the remote relation of the Altai and Sino-Tibetan languages. The scientific novelty consists in demonstration of semantic justification of the structure of Kyrgyz name for carwash, establishment of the origin of each element of the terminological combination on the basis of their comparison with the matches in other languages, substantiation of etymological identity of elements comprising the term in various cognate languages, attraction of Chinese language for comparative analysis of the facts from the perspective of Nostratics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31347

Abstract: This article analyzes one of the fragments of Russian spatial worldview on the example of the lexeme of corner. Relevance of this research is defined by the fact that corner within the Russian linguoculture represents a specific method of verbalization of spatial objects and relations alongside other means of supplying information about space. The indicated lexeme, as the entire spatial lexis, demonstrates the ability to serve for marking other semantic ideas. Attention is given to stereotypical representations of the Russian native speakers on the corner that objectifies not only the geometric conceptualization of space, but also cognitive interrelation of the basic spatial objects. The research material contains the dictionary definitions of the main lexicographic sources of the modern Russian language, data of etymological dictionaries, information on the word corner in the Russian language as a system reflected in the Russian National Corpus. For solving the tasks of interpretation of semantic minimum of the indicated lexeme, the author used the following methods: descriptive method, sememic analysis, cognitive interpretation in terms of the cognitive-semantic approach. The article presents the results of studying Russian National Corpus, demonstrating that corner manifests as a nomination of place, district, region, dwelling or its par, locus of potential danger, vector of chaotic movement, etc. The novelty consists in the reflection of semantic and communicative-pragmatic peculiarities of the lexical-semantic variation of lexical unit. It is proven that corner is a source of figurative filling and development of the indirectly derivative nomination. The analysis allowed establishing both, lexicographically determinable semantic zones, as well as usual.