DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2018.2.28303

Abstract: The subject of the research is the assessment of audit risk in relation to qualitification for preparation of accounting statements. Vasilenko analyzes all stages of making fuzzy inference about audit risk. The researcher focuses on the input linguistic variable (the degree of non-observance of qualification for preparation of accounting statements) and ouput linguistic variable (the level of risk of material misstatement). Vasilenko presents his own software that is designed to analyze the influence of non-observance of qualification for accounting statements on the amount of risk of material misstatement using the fuzzy sets tool. The main research method used by the uthor is the fuzzy logic. The audit risk is evaluated using the qualitative and quantittive means based on a professional auditor opinion. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author applies new definitions of the audit methodology: 'non-observance of qualificiation for preparation of accounting statements' and 'degree of non-observance of qualification for preparation of accounting statements'. The range of misstatement values that defines the level of non-observance is the value multiple of materiality level. The model of using fuzzy sets in the process of material misstatement risk evaluation compared to the degree of non-observance allows to develop rules that reflect different aspects of uncertainty related to the use of a professional auditor opinion.

Keywords: international audit standard, material misstatement, audit risk, computer program, financial statement assertions, fuzzy sets, audit, materiality, auditor’s professional judgment, uncertainty

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.1.17710

Abstract: The article discusses and analyzes the qualifications of the acquired entity for its energy production and economic activity. It is established that, as a rule, in practice, purchased energy (electricity, heat, gas, etc.) are classified as services, making them a one-time recognition as an expense on ordinary activities for the acts of services rendered. At the same time, the current legislation suggests that energy is a commodity and that they are organizations of inventories. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition involves the study of economic relations and the development of phenomena and relationships, methods of system and comparative analysis, economic-mathematical analysis of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology, theory, statistics and mathematics. The analysis found that the energy of the acquired entity are of inventories rather than services. However, when energy qualification as inventory is necessary to consider that they are due to the technological features it can not be capitalized to the warehouse. However, the design of the primary registration documentation must be such as to account for inventories to nullify the risks of the value-added tax and corporate income tax.

Keywords: income tax, expenses, pay-in slip, service, gas, heat power, electrical power, energy resources, accounting, goods

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.1.67544

Abstract: The article discusses and analyzes the qualifications of the acquired entity for its energy production and economic activity. It is established that, as a rule, in practice, purchased energy (electricity, heat, gas, etc.) are classified as services, making them a one-time recognition as an expense on ordinary activities for the acts of services rendered. At the same time, the current legislation suggests that energy is a commodity and that they are organizations of inventories. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition involves the study of economic relations and the development of phenomena and relationships, methods of system and comparative analysis, economic-mathematical analysis of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology, theory, statistics and mathematics. The analysis found that the energy of the acquired entity are of inventories rather than services. However, when energy qualification as inventory is necessary to consider that they are due to the technological features it can not be capitalized to the warehouse. However, the design of the primary registration documentation must be such as to account for inventories to nullify the risks of the value-added tax and corporate income tax.

Keywords: energy resources, electrical power, heat power, gas, service, pay-in slip, expenses, income tax, accounting, goods

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2017.2.19280

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the federal laws and regulations of the Eurasian Economic Unity member states (that are currently the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Armenia and Kyrgyz Republic) regulating the procedure of and requirements for financial statements of economic entities as well as international accounting standards. Apart from other sources, the author of the article has baSed his research on doctrinal sources, in particular, Russian and foreign research articles. The research was carried out based on modern research methods including the general dialectical research method and logical methods such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, etc. as well as specific research methods such as historical, structure-functional and statistical methods, and special research methods such as the formal law method and comparative law method. The article is devoted to the issues of harmonization of accounting systems in the Eurasian Economic Unity member states on the basis of International Accounting Standards. The author analyzes sources of the legal regulation of accounting (financial) reports in the Eurasian Economic Unity member states and analyzes stages if the implementation of Financial Reporting Standards in Russia's legislation. The author also touches upon the procedure of voluntary and mandatory application of Financial Reporting Standards by participants of financial legal relations in accordance with the national laws of the Eurasian Economic Unity member states. 

Keywords: harmonization, accounting reports, financial statements, EEU, Eurasian Economic Union, Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS, Accounting, standards, common economic space

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.2.17791

Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of factors that influence the formation of reliable information in order to accommodate the interests of users of accounting (financial) statements at unitary enterprises. The object of the study is economic entities, i.e. unitary enterprises, which use the property of the owner on the right of business (operational control) to achieve its goals. The author examines the features of formation of property of unitary enterprises and the possibility of withdrawal of part of the profit from its use. It was established that these features imply a reasonable and balanced approach to withdrawal of the profit from the use of the property by concerned users who have a financial interest formed on the basis of accounting (financial) statements. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method and involves the study of economic relations and development of phenomena and relationships, methods of systems and comparative analysis, economic-mathematical analysis of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology, theory, statistics and mathematics. The special contribution made by the author of the study is the finding that the hasty decision of the owner and leadership may cause damage to the activities of the unitary enterprise. In this situation, the solution may be the formation of the accounting (financial) statements of unitary enterprises aimed at ensuring the principle of neutrality of information, that is, it must satisfy the interests of all users, not just those who have a direct financial interest.

Keywords: accounting reports, guidance, financial interest, net profit, total balance, withdrawal, owner, economic management, property, unitary enterprise

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.2.67898

Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of factors that influence the formation of reliable information in order to accommodate the interests of users of accounting (financial) statements at unitary enterprises. The object of the study is economic entities, i.e. unitary enterprises, which use the property of the owner on the right of business (operational control) to achieve its goals. The author examines the features of formation of property of unitary enterprises and the possibility of withdrawal of part of the profit from its use. It was established that these features imply a reasonable and balanced approach to withdrawal of the profit from the use of the property by concerned users who have a financial interest formed on the basis of accounting (financial) statements. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method and involves the study of economic relations and development of phenomena and relationships, methods of systems and comparative analysis, economic-mathematical analysis of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology, theory, statistics and mathematics. The special contribution made by the author of the study is the finding that the hasty decision of the owner and leadership may cause damage to the activities of the unitary enterprise. In this situation, the solution may be the formation of the accounting (financial) statements of unitary enterprises aimed at ensuring the principle of neutrality of information, that is, it must satisfy the interests of all users, not just those who have a direct financial interest.

Keywords: accounting reports, guidance, financial interest, net profit, total balance, withdrawal, owner, economic management, property, unitary enterprise

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2014.4.14213

Abstract: Abstract. The growth of people’s well-being and higher living standards are impossible without further economic development which can be achieved only through investment. In present conditions, research in the field of investment performance management of business entities including their information support is of high relevance. In accounting, the concept of investment activities is applied to capital investments in their own fixed assets. Investment in assets of other companies is considered to be an object of financial activities. The present work considers the enterprise as an object of capital investment. Such an approach helps reveal the results of investment activities in the financial statements; separate external investment from inside investment and investment in other companies from financial activities; find sources to cover administration expenses and company’s financing; allocate the funds to maintaining capital. All these contributions will enhance the quality of accounting information on financial results in the context of company’s activities.  

Keywords: capital investment, maintaining of the capital, inside investment, income, spending, financial results, investment activity, financial investment, financial statements, assets

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2014.4.66165

Abstract: The growth of people’s well-being and higher living standards are impossible without further economic development which can be achieved only through investment. In present conditions, research in the field of investment performance management of business entities including their information support is of high relevance. In accounting, the concept of investment activities is applied to capital investments in their own fixed assets. Investment in assets of other companies is considered to be an object of financial activities. The present work considers the enterprise as an object of capital investment. Such an approach helps reveal the results of investment activities in the financial statements; separate external investment from inside investment and investment in other companies from financial activities; find sources to cover administration expenses and company’s financing; allocate the funds to maintaining capital. All these contributions will enhance the quality of accounting information on financial results in the context of company’s activities.  

Keywords: capital investment, maintaining of the capital, inside investment, income, spending, financial results, investment activity, financial investment, financial statements, assets

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.4.18733

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the analysis of the accounting system from the piont of view of the logistics theory. The object of the research is the flow of financial information. The authors found that the accounting system can be regarded as a registration-information field generating flows of financial information which comprise information logistics. Thus, under the flow of financial information, according to the authors, it refers to the flow of information about accounting objects from the initial accounting position (balance account) to reflect them in the accounting (financial) statements. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method and involves the study of economic relations and phenomena in terms of their development and system relations and methods of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical research of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology of the theory of statistics and mathematics. The novelty of the study is caused by the fact that financial information flows can be classified as filled and empty which allows to identify them with regard to the completeness and reliability of the resulting information. It is also proved that the information and accounting field of the accounting system is structurally possible to present three levels. At the same time between the levels, there are objective connections (flows of information) providing the content of information at higher levels. 

Keywords: register, document, information, flow, logistics, system, accounting, accounting (financial) statements, users, traffic

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0765.2016.4.68536

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the analysis of the accounting system from the piont of view of the logistics theory. The object of the research is the flow of financial information. The authors found that the accounting system can be regarded as a registration-information field generating flows of financial information which comprise information logistics. Thus, under the flow of financial information, according to the authors, it refers to the flow of information about accounting objects from the initial accounting position (balance account) to reflect them in the accounting (financial) statements. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method and involves the study of economic relations and phenomena in terms of their development and system relations and methods of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical research of data, methods of synthesis, graphical modeling, methodology of the theory of statistics and mathematics. The novelty of the study is caused by the fact that financial information flows can be classified as filled and empty which allows to identify them with regard to the completeness and reliability of the resulting information. It is also proved that the information and accounting field of the accounting system is structurally possible to present three levels. At the same time between the levels, there are objective connections (flows of information) providing the content of information at higher levels. 

Keywords: register, document, information, flow, logistics, system, accounting, accounting (financial) statements, users, traffic