Cultural and connotative information of some verbal phraseological units with the abstract substantive thought

Lu Tszyi Postgraduate student, the department of Russian Language, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Senior Educator, the department of Russian Language, University of Heilongjiang 119234, Russia, Leninskie Gory D. oblast', g. Moscow, ul. Lebedeva, Sektor G 24956006@qq.com Other publications by this author

According to N.M. Shansky, the emergence of phraseology as a linguistic discipline in Russian linguistics dates back to the 40s of the twentieth century and is closely related to Academician V.V. Vinogradov ^{[1, p. 8]}. In the works ^{[2, 3, 4]}, they were given for the first time a synchronous classification of phraseological turns of the Russian language from the point of view of their semantic unity and outlined the ways and aspects of their further study [Ibid.].

After the mid-60s, an approach to the study of phraseological units (FE) as a language nomination became one of the main ones in the field of phraseology. For example, A.I. Fedorov believes that phraseological units, unlike words, have a phraseological meaning consisting of a figurative representation of a metaphorical, metonymic or comparative type, through which the denotation is called and its connotative characteristic is given in the signifier ^{[5, p. 13-15]}. V.A. Maslova notes that phraseological units in the denotation or through relations between associative-figurative bases and symbols, standards, stereotypes of the culture of a language collective, cultural information about the world, society is shown. Thus, phraseological units represent a kind of "storehouse of wisdom" of the people, preserving and reproducing the mentality of the people, its culture from generation to generation ^{[6, p. 75]}.

And at the same time, the study of phraseological units develops along the following path: from the study of the nominative function of phraseological units and their figurative internal form to the cognitive-interpretative paradigm and a new, linguoculturological stage ^{[7, p. 13]}.

In this article, we understand phraseology, following V.N. Telia, as a unit characterized by stability, reproducibility, idiomaticity ^{[8, p. 56]}.

In addition, according to V.N. Telia, phraseological units are presented as units of language that are saturated with cultural meanings, act as signs of the "language" of culture ^{[9, p. 6]}.

In the meaning of phraseological units, cultural connotation can interact with other levels of linguistic meaning, as symbols, stereotypes, standards, mythologems of culture, which served as a motivational source of phraseology, are again reflected in the image of this linguistic sign, transmitting global cultural information ^{[7, p. 7]}.

Cultural and national interpretation of phraseological units is carried out in the field of folk wisdom; phraseological units can be defined as units in which the experience and historical worldview of a native speaker is stored. Country studies and etymological commentary are attracted in order to reflect the universal or culturally specific in the meaning of a certain fragment of reality in various linguistic systems rather than to reformulate the original or original image with an understanding of the primary motivation of meaning [Ibid.: 32].

In this article, when analyzing phraseological units, a linguoculturological approach to research and lexicographic description developed by V.N. Telia and other authors in the "Great Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language" is used ^[10]. For our analysis, we have selected phraseological units that are represented in the National Corpus of the Russian Language (https://ruscorpora.ru/new /), which include the abstract noun thought, which performs the function of the subject of action, and the verbs to return / to return, to be carried away / to be carried away, to flow, to sink /to fall. (about 900 contexts in total).

The interpretation of the selected phraseological units includes the following positions:

1) a brief definition of the meaning of the phraseology, sufficient to understand it;

2) description of the characteristic situation in which the phraseology is used; introduced by the words "It means that ...";

3) cultural commentary, which includes several information and semantic blocks: a) the correlation of the image of phraseology as a whole with the oldest layers of culture; b) the correlation of the image of phraseology as a whole or its individual components with the codes of culture; c) metaphorical understanding of thought presented in the considered unit; d) the correlation of the image of phraseology as a whole with the "language" of culture, i.e. an indication of the role that the image of phraseology as a whole performs; e) a stereotypical idea of the situation that is expressed in phraseology;

the thought is returning / returned [somewhere] whose

The idea is sent again or back somewhere.It means that the reflections (X) of a person, a group of persons (Y) reappear, go back, turn to some l. an event in the past. X is coming back / has returned. Speech standard.

Ahead is the wooden city of Bergen, as if from a dream or a song, where a wandering thought is returning to the same Hanseatic Riga, and also to Russia. [Peter Weil. Fairy tales of the peoples of the North // "Foreign literature", 1997]

Reading these lines of the marshal's diary, I thought again about the origins of this national tragedy of ours. The thought came back again to the December forest near Minsk, where three presidents with solemnly happy smiles sprinkled their "triple alliance" with boiling champagne.  [Victor Baranets. The General Staff without secrets. Book 1 (1999)]

But all these methods are characterized by either insufficiently high efficiency, or extremely high cost. Eventually, the scientists' thought returned to a remedy known from time immemorial: to the garden scarecrow. But the scarecrow is not simple, but automatic ... [generalized. Notes (Around the globe) // "Technique – youth", 1976]

– Do you understand the futility of our body movements and turn of thoughts? We make movements aimlessly every night, and thoughts come back like a boomerang, only in a distorted form. They put a condom on the fifth chapter of my novel, so there's no way the sixth one can be born. – sterile!!!  [Jiri Groshek. Restoration of lunch (2000)]

But even the screams of those having fun about the next monthly three–day holiday – this time, it seems, they celebrated the anniversary of the Great Unifying Slavic Resolution - could not distract. Thoughts kept coming back to the main thing and not fixable. Out of the corner of his eye, he snatched another piece from the old text... [Alexander Kabakov. The Extrapolator's Journey (1988-1999)]

My thoughts returned to the starting point: Garik must know where she is. [Denis Gutsko. Autumn man (2001) // "October", 2004]

The image of the FAIRY goes back to one of the mythological forms of world consciousness – animistic, which animates thought and attributes the ability to move independently to the product of thinking.

The nominal component of thought correlates with the anthropic code of culture, and to return / return – with the activity code of culture, and in combination with the preposition to + dat. pad. – with the spatial code of culture. FE in general correlates with the anthropic and spatial codes of culture.

In general, the image of FE is based on a metaphor that likens thought to an animated being with the ability to perform physical actions – to come, to come back. We are faced with examples that demonstrate that thought moves along the way forward, and stops somewhere. In order to remember some L. a fact or some kind of L. the event is in the past, the movement of thought takes place along the path already traversed in the opposite direction, and returns to a certain point of this path.

FE as a whole conveys a stereotypical idea of the repeatability of the process of thinking about some thought, ideas, about the interaction of this process with a certain substance.

the thought is carried away / has gone somewhere.

Reflections are directed. It means that the idea, consideration (X) is outside the consciousness of a person, a group of persons (Y), in the world around him, continues, moves away somewhere with great speed. X is being carried away. Speech standard.

How charmingly sad, with the blissful fading of vanishing, the thought is carried away to Saratov, unattainable for life.[Valery Volodin. The Tale of bygone years // "Volga", 2011]

The thought is carried away somewhere far beyond our besieged Leningrad "island". [V.V. Vishnevsky. Diaries of the war years (1943-1945)]

And your thought is carried away to the Kazakh and Altai steppes, where tens of thousands of your friends are raising virgin land, plowing fallow lands to make a wall of fat bread.[N. Ivanov. The conquered land // "Peasant woman", 1954]

Frustrated, I sat over the task, and the thought was carried away God knows where – to those distant lands where no one was doing arithmetic and where the multiplication table was not needed by anyone. [V.A. Kaverin. Lighted Windows (1974-1976)]

You sit in an armchair with his book in your hands, in the evening, by the fire – having previously, as usual, leafed through the book and having already noticed some turns or phrases, intricate, strong, very well-coordinated in a special way – you start reading; not "reading", no, it is reading – and after half an hour the book lies on the on his knees, the thought has gone far away, Shmelev is almost forgotten, although he caused these doubts, perplexities and embarrassment. [G.V. Adamovich. Shmelev (1955)]

He still felt the waves that came from the princess. His thoughts were always drifting away somewhere… "Get there, get there, get there... get to what? Association!"[Sergey Osipov. The Passion for Thomas. Book two. Primus inter pares (1998)]

And thoughts, too, jumped and were carried away into the depths of immemorial childhood, where you could not be found by war, reconnaissance by combat, the Germans and yourself! [Konstantin Vorobyov. The Scream (1962)]

The image of the FAIRY goes back to the animistic form of world consciousness, animating thought and attributing to the product of intellectual activity the ability to move independently.

The nominal component of thought correlates with the anthropic code of culture, the verbal component to be carried away / carried away – the activity code of culture. FE in general correlates with the anthropic code of culture.

The image of the FAIRY as a whole is created by a metaphor, likening the thought to a moving object that can quickly move away somewhere. These examples show that thought has the power to exist independently of the body of an individual in the surrounding world, and to act actively in it. Through the verb component to be carried away, it is shown that the thought appears as something weightless, lives in the air, moves in it, gets somewhere through the air, and flies there. The action of thought is also spontaneous, it decides itself when to leave a person or come to him.

FE as a whole displays a stereotypical idea of the duration, independent of a person's consciousness, of any reflections.

thought flows

The idea continues continuously. It means that the belief, consideration (X) develops in a certain sequence. X is flowing. Speech standard.

Probably, in all ages, people have two layers of behavior: external, with chatter and common words, and another, bottom, where thought flows thoroughly, slowly and, perhaps, tends to the roots, to the eternal. [Sergey Yesin. Marburg (2005)]

There is a leap of times in every foam jump. Thought flows like a stream. What's a stream? The source of everything. [Natalia Galkina. Villa Renault // Neva, 2003]

It was pleasant to think in the water, the thought flowed steadily, by itself, and pleased with its novelty. [Dmitry Lipskerov. Forty Years of Changzhoe (1996)]

The thought flowed smoothly, perhaps too hastily, and in order to keep up with it, he wrote with abbreviations, replacing individual words with shorthand symbols that he himself invented on the go. [Alexandra Marinina. You have to pay for everything (1995)]

Thoughts in my head flow smoothly and sleepily. [Alexandra Taits. Have you seen us? // "Siberian Lights", 2012]

When Shura is waiting in the car or sitting in his room in Kostyakov's house, or at the Duma garage, when Pavel Vitalievich is sitting, he feels good, thoughts flow by themselves. He thinks about his wife, about his children, about his home, that is, about good things. You have to be able to think about good things all the time, and everything will be fine. [Alexey Slapovsky. The Big Book of Changes // "Volga", 2010]

Sitting, stroking. Some bright thoughts flow and flow. You will change your mind all your life, you will rejoice at something, you will regret something. [Boris Ekimov. Memory of Summer (1999)]

A sleepless night made itself felt – thoughts flowed smoothly, disciplined, none dared to soar above the others, rise to the level of noble madness and thus gain the status of an Idea ... [Marina Dyachenko, Sergey Dyachenko. Magicians can do anything (2001)]

That's about the order in which thoughts flowed parallel to the feeling for which Petrov was really small, and he knew it perfectly well and defended himself as best he could. [Nina Sadur. Something will open (1982)]

The image of this FE as a whole shows similarities with the FE the thought is carried away / carried away somewhere.

 The image of FE is based on a metaphor that likens thought to a certain liquid, a fluid substance that can move in a certain direction. Thought is active, constantly and continuously appears, following each other.

FE as a whole conveys a stereotypical idea of the process of the continuous existence of some thought, some inner reflections.

the thought sinks / fuses

The idea is strengthened. It means that the consideration, the conviction (X) is deeply imprinted. X sinks / fuses. Speech standard.

A kind thought it sinks into the heart only from Divine grace; an evil thought approaches a person only for temptation and testing. [https://ok.ru/imolitsyad/topic/67885275223328]

But, Alexey Fedorovich, your tone is always meaningful; perhaps the listeners had another idea that maybe there are these Indo-European communities after all? [V.V. Bibikhin. Alexey Fedorovich Losev (1975-1977)]

But since some time I have had another thought. [Yu.O. Dombrovsky. Faculty of Unnecessary Things, Part 4 (1978)]

But one thought stuck fast, stronger than anything police: I will definitely become an SUV someday! [Valery Volodin. The Tale of bygone years // "Volga", 2009]

The image of the FAIRY goes back to one of the oldest forms of awareness of the world, i.e. the archetypal opposition "top – bottom".

The nominal component of the FE thought correlates with the anthropic, i.e. actually human, code of culture, the verbal component to fall in / fall in – with the activity code of culture. FE in general correlates with the anthropic code of culture.

In FE, thought is likened to an inanimate substance that falls somewhere when falling, is understood as an independent subject of action. The above examples demonstrate that a thought is strengthened deeply, and a person never has the power to remove it or forget it.

Summing up, we can draw the following conclusions:

1) In the analyzed FE, thought independently performs various actions, moves freely in space, is beyond human control;

2) All the FE presented in this article, in general, correlate with the anthropic code of culture, and taking into account this opposition, with the spatial one. And all FE, taking into account the verbal components, still correlate with the activity code of culture.

3) The image of all FE is created by a metaphor that likens thought to a moving object or object that moves freely in space, does not depend on the will of an individual;

4) The metaphorically figurative basis of the units analyzed by us as a whole reflects a stereotypical idea of the process of mental activity beyond the control of a person.

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