DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.10.40908

Abstract: The subject of the article is the rules of the census of livestock among the Kalmyks of the Astrakhan province, in accordance with the established instructions. The chronological framework covers the late XIX – early XX centuries. The object of the study was the Kalmyk cattle census program. The purpose of the study is to disclose the main provisions of the instructions for the registration of pets on the territory of the Kalmyk steppe, based on previously unused archival materials. The methodology of the work applied the principles of historicism, system analysis of available sources. Of particular value are archival materials from the fund of the Astrakhan Civil Governor's Office, which are currently the only source covering the rules of the Kalmyk cattle census. Earlier, in scientific circles studying regional history, the issue of livestock census was not considered. Usually, in historical science, issues of the general state of cattle breeding and statistical data obtained as a result of the livestock census were touched upon, but the process of the livestock census itself was not studied. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the first description of a detailed algorithm for accounting Kalmyk cattle of the post-reform period. The results of the study, in addition to the introduction of new archival materials into scientific circulation, revealed: the role of each representative of the Kalmyks' social groups in the production of the livestock census, the chronological framework of the census itself and additional conditions for its production.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.10.40937

Abstract: The object of the research focuses on the formation of the Kalmyks' legal institution during the integration of the Kalmyk ethnos into the Russian Empire. The subject of the article is the most problematic aspects of the situation of magistrates and world congresses of the Kalmyk steppe in the Astrakhan province. The chronological framework of the work covers the second half of the XIX century. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main provisions of the transformation of magistrates' courts in the social environment of the Kalmyks, review the historiographical base on this topic and assess the Kalmyk judicial system of the XIX century in the process of integration of the Kalmyk society of Astrakhan province into the Russian state. The paper uses theoretical research methods, such as system analysis of available sources, deduction and historicism. The research is based on materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan region and the Russian State Historical Archive. Modern legal science is actively studying the historical experience of the formation and evolution of the Russian multinational state. An important task of scientific knowledge is the study of the genesis of legal institutions in the history of various ethnic groups and ethnic groups, as well as the development of optimal models of their management. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the initial study of the problem of the transformation of magistrates' courts in Kalmykia. The results of the study make a significant contribution to the history of national suburbs, allow us to better understand the importance of reforming management mechanisms in them and emphasize the main features of national legal policy that can be applied in modern social development.