DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40061

Abstract: The author examines the history of the development of the architecture of medical institutions and the principles of its placement in the planning structure of the city of Khabarovsk. The analysis of expansion and development of medical institutions of the city of Khabarovsk from the end of the XIX century to the present day is carried out. Numerous examples of buildings of medical institutions are given, showing the main stages of development of this type of structures in the locality under consideration. The author analyzes the change in stylistic and compositional preferences in the organization of medical and sanatorium institutions. The perspective ways of further transformation of the sanatorium system in the aspect of architectural and urban planning design, taking into account regional peculiarities, are analyzed. In the course of the work, the following trends in the design of sanatorium and rehabilitation centers in the city were identified: 1) large block organization of the building, the formation of complexes; 2) emphasis on the intensity of treatment, the use of day hospitals; 3) individualization of design solutions, rejection of stereotypical hospital forms; 4) the formation of a humane space with therapeutic potential; 5) ecological approach and harmony with the environment. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of the subject of the study also revealed the main requirements for the formation of such institutions, such as the development of functional zoning and planning organization, taking into account the features of functionally new departments of treatment rooms with complex equipment and numerous communications.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.2.38321

Abstract: The object of the study is the influence of the national culture of Japan on the formation of modern architecture. The subject of the study is the manifestation of the interpretation of the motives of the national Japanese worldview of Wabi-Sabi in the work of modern architects. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the analysis of Japanese worldview culture, in which the concepts of aesthetic beauty of wabi and sabi, which have become inseparable over time, stand out. This multifaceted concept implies the identity of beauty and naturalness. Particular attention is paid to the perception, in some cases unconsciously, of this ideological trend by modern European and Japanese architects, who often perceived it through the interpretation of the motives and principles of Japanese architecture. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the creativity of architects within the framework of not only the interpretation of the motives of Japanese architecture, but also the influence of one of its fundamental components — the Wabi-Sabi principle. The novelty of the research is the generalization of the creativity of both Japanese and European architects and designers, in which the influence of this trend can be traced. The main conclusions of the study are that architects and designers in their works tried to convey the close connection between nature and architecture, using natural materials in both structures and decor. That is why the Japanese Wabi-sabi worldview has brought a lot to modern architecture and design.