DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.11.36796

Abstract: The subject of this research is the Yekaterinburg division of judicial and county during the 1735–1740. Despite the fact that any institution of the XVIII consisted of chancellery and presence, attention is focused on the analysis of the composition of “judges” – presence of the division throughout six years of its existence. The goal of the article is to determine the dynamics of changes in the composition of judges of the institution, which revealed the peculiarities of human resource policy in the Ural local administration in the mid XVIII century. The research relies on the documentary sources stored in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region, primarily minutes record books of minutes of the division of judicial and country affairs for the indicated period that contain information on the composition of officials in panel sessions of the institution. In this regard, the methods of research have become the methods of source research. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that reconstruction of the composition of presence of the regional administrations of the XVIII century are virtually absent. For the most part, they pertain to the time of major judicial and administrative transformations of the first and last quarters of the XVIII century. The institutions vested with judicial powers that existed in the second and third quarters of the XVIII century usually are do not receive due attention. In the course of analysis of the documentary materials, the conclusion is made on instability in the composition of the division of judicial and county affairs. The members of the presence rarely met in full, and the seat of the “chief magistrate” often lied vacant. All members were military servants with regular assignments, which was unrelated to their work in the department. The clerks remained the main driving force in the judicial process.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.11.34382

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the history of the Institution of penal servitude and exile in Ural Region in the 1720s – 1730s. The subject of this research is the convicts and exiled who arrived to Yekaterinburg during the period from 1723 to the late 1730s. Analysis is conducted on the legislation dedicated to regulation of penal labor and exile in Russia. Differences in the government policy with regards to exiled in the XVII and XVIII centuries are revealed. The author also examines the reasons of the emergence of exiled and convicts in Ural Region, dynamics of their arrival from Tobolsk and the capital regions, as well as the stance of the mining and metallurgical authorities on this social category. Historians alongside legal historians turned attention to studying penal labor and exile in Siberia, practically not comparing the situation of exiled and convicts in other Russian regions. The novelty of this work consists in studying life of the representatives of this social group in the Ural Region in the early XVIII century, which was noted for transit location, connecting  European and Asian parts of the country, and was the center of mining and metallurgical industry. Leaning on the analysis of documental sources and records, the author concludes that convicts and exiled played a role in the formation of social space of Yekaterinburg. They were well integrated into the social relations: they were allowed to own homesteads and marry, but were under permanent control of the mining and metallurgical administration.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.5.31271

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the history of establishment of the institution of duty hours at the time of Russian Empire after the death of Peter the Great. Namely the years of the rule of the first Russian emperor mark the emergence of the paramount of normative legal acts, which determined the fundamentals for regulation of state administration. The subject of this research is the analysis of discipline and control practices of the work of record clerks in the decade after the death of Peter the Great. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities in regulation of duty hours of the clerks during 1725-1734. The method of historiographical analysis allowed examining the internal criticism of the structure and content of legislative acts and documental materials. The author also applied the chronological method, mathematical analysis, and method of comparative-legal studies. The scientific novelty lies in comparison of the legislation and regulation practice of duty hours of the clerks in a particular region of the Russian Empire. Despite the sufficient knowledge on the history of mining administration in the Ural Region, the question of regulation of duty hours of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt did not receive due attention on the pages of monographs and articles. The comparison of legislative acts and specificity of orderliness of activity of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt and subordinate establishments allowed determining that the regulations on duty hours recorded in General Regulation required constant reinforcement by the local normative acts. Along with the monetary fines set by the Regulation, the record clerks were punished by confinements, demotion to a lower appointment, as well as hitting by cudgels. The increase in document flow created conditions for strengthening control over the work of clerks.