DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2024.2.70608

Abstract: The subject of the study is international legal norms, documents of international organizations (of a recommendatory and binding nature), as well as acts of domestic law establishing guarantees for ensuring the human right to health and the right to use the results of scientific progress, as well as forming international legal mechanisms for the protection of intellectual property and technology transfer. The object of the study is public relations arising from the interaction of various subjects of international relations in the framework of countering emergencies in the field of health protection and ensuring equitable access to healthcare technologies in all regions of the world, regardless of the level of development of the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the introduction of international legal means aimed at ensuring the human right to health in the framework of achieving a balance of public and private legal guarantees of access to healthcare technologies. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of cognition, including formal logical and situational, and private legal methods such as comparative-legal, historical-legal and formal-legal. The past decades have been accompanied by rapid rates of emergency situations in the field of public health, which have demonstrated systemic problems in the organization of medical care in each State, as well as revealing imperfections in international legal regulation of the field of health protection. Healthcare technologies, which determine the effectiveness of countering any large-scale threat of an infectious and non-infectious nature, in the vast majority of cases are developed by non-State actors, the main purpose of whose activities is legitimately to make a profit. At the same time, the obligation to ensure the right to the highest attainable standard of health and access to health technologies rests with the State, which forms stable barriers to ensuring a balance of public and private legal guarantees in the field of health protection. The paper presents a list of the main problems of international legal response to emergencies of international importance. The article consistently reveals the main international legal means of ensuring the transfer of healthcare technologies. The authors have formulated a number of practical recommendations aimed at expanding access to healthcare technologies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2023.3.43606

Abstract: The object of the study is public relations arising from the interaction of international intergovernmental organizations, government agencies, transnational corporations and non-state actors in the framework of ensuring human access to health technologies in the context of unilateral restrictive measures and sanctions. The subject of the study is international legal norms, documents of international organizations, as well as acts of domestic law that form guarantees of ensuring the human right to the highest attainable level of health and access to healthcare technologies. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the practical significance of the application of international legal and domestic mechanisms aimed at minimizing the humanitarian consequences of sanctions and unilateral restrictive measures and expanding access to vital health technologies. The methodology of the study is based on the general scientific method of cognition, including the formal logical and situational method and private law methods, such as comparative, historical and formal legal methods. The article presents an analysis of the importance of health technologies in achieving international goals in the field of development and human health protection, as well as priorities in the implementation of national health strategies. The theoretical aspects of access to healthcare technologies in the context of unilateral restrictive measures are consistently considered as an important element of ensuring international guarantees of human rights protection. The authors present the differences in the normative content of the concepts of "sanctions" and "unilateral restrictive measures" in accordance with international law, as well as a legal assessment of the legitimacy of their application. The article systematizes the consequences of the application of unilateral restrictive measures on the availability of healthcare technologies in various regions of the world, as well as the practice of applying the norms of international and domestic law to overcome them.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2022.1.38082

Abstract: The object of the study is public relations arising from the interaction of international intergovernmental organizations, states, and non-governmental organizations in the framework of ensuring the human right to the highest attainable level of health and forming the concept of "global health governance". The subject of the study are international legal norms, as well as acts of “soft law” that determine interaction between the WHO and other international actors in the field of healthcare regulation. The aim of the research is to analyze the main peculiarities of "global health governance" concept in frame of international law in order to determine the main directions for improving the activities of the WHO at the present stage. The article was prepared using general scientific methods of cognition, including formal logical and situational, and private law methods, such as comparative legal, historical legal and formal legal. The novelty of the article lies in the conceptual understanding of the content of the concept of "global health governance" in the system of international health law. The article discusses the historical stages in the development of international cooperation in the field of health care in order to determine the main trends in inter-institutional cooperation for the further development of international health regulation. The author summarizes the main problems in the implementation of the statutory powers of the WHO, including the features of the development and application of regulatory legal acts of a binding nature, as well as acts of "soft law" in the activities of the Organization. The author substantiates recommendations for improving the activities of the WHO to ensure the effective implementation of the concept of "global health governance".