DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.12.69457

Abstract: The object of the study was a representative collection of ceramic vessels (324 specimens) of the Potchevash culture of the VI–IX centuries, obtained during archaeological research in 1997 at the Dolgovskoye 1 settlement in the Tobolsk Irtysh region. The purpose of the study: to determine the main morphological and decorative features of the ceramic complex of the Potchevash culture based on the materials of the collection of the Dolgovskoye 1 settlement, to determine the place of the ceramic complex of the settlement in the system of archaeological cultures of Western Siberia. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were put forward: characterization of the main morphological, decorative and stylistic characteristics of the ceramic collection; comparison with the materials of synchronous monuments of adjacent territories, determination of the degree of their similarities and differences. The relevance of the work is determined by the small number of publications in which statistical calculations on Potchevash ceramics are given. To solve the tasks set in the work, traditional research methods are used for historical science: comparative-historical, typological, comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, descriptive method of analyzing material sources, the method of analogies. As a result of the study, it was found that the dominant features of the studied complex include the numerical predominance of pot-shaped vessels with a high neck and a sharp transition to a slightly expanded body; the ornamentation is characterized by a combination of dimpled pearl decor, combed stamp and horizontal drawn grooves, as well as a small proportion of curly stamps. A comparative analysis showed the proximity of the ceramics of the Dolgovskoye 1 settlement with the collections of a number of Potchevash monuments of the South Taiga Irtysh region and the Barabinsk forest-steppe, as well as its significant difference from both the Potchevash ceramic complexes from the Priishimye region and ceramics from the monuments of the Zelenogorsky stage from the Surgut Ob region. A certain similarity with the ceramics of the Kuchiminsky stage, which is expressed in the rare use of figured stamps, a large proportion of grooves, fixed on ceramics from the 1997 excavation from the Dolgovskoye 1 settlement, allows us to suggest its synchronicity with the Kuchiminskaya and date it within the VIII–IX centuries AD.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.12.39390

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of one category of bone products discovered during archaeological research at settlement complexes of the XII–XIV centuries of the Tobol and Irtysh Rivers Basin (Western Siberia, Trans-Urals). The artifacts are small bone cases with a hole for hanging, inside of them there was one bone tool with a sharpened working edge, analogies of which are found on medieval sites of the Permian Gis-Urals, attributed by researchers as needles / punctures located in needle cases. However, the morphological and structural characteristics of these artifacts, in our opinion, do not correspond to the functions attributed to them. The purpose of the study is to introduce into scientific circulation and attribution of the actual purpose of paired bone products found on medieval sites of the Tobolo–Irtysh region. Based on the purpose of the study, the following tasks were put forward: morphological description of products; search for analogies to objects on archaeological sites of adjacent territories; acquaintance with the history of the study of similar artifacts. To solve the tasks set in the work, traditional research methods are used for historical science: comparative-historical, comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, the method of analogies. The morphological analysis of the finds both from the Tobol-Irtysh region and from the sites of the Gis-Urals, coupled with the analysis of a complex of items for the care of appearance originating from the territory of Eurasia, made it possible to revise the point of view widespread in scientific circles on the functional purpose of the so-called bone "needle cases" from tubular bones of small animals and "needles / punctures" that were inside. In the course of the study, the items found in the cultural layer of the settlement sites of the Tobol-Irtysh region were classified as items for caring for the appearance - toothpicks placed in a case.