DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.2.70571

Abstract: The work presents a systematic picture of the development of the historical core of the architectural ensemble of the central main street of the city of Khabarovsk – Muravyov-Amursky, which was formed during the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, and is currently of absolute interest from the point of view of studying the history of regional architecture of the pre-revolutionary period associated with the economic development of the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, the construction of new cities and settlements and the creation of transport infrastructure that connected the Pacific region with the central part of the country. The study was based on materials obtained by the authors during the study of scientific and local history literature, Internet resources and archival searches, as well as their own field surveys of street development. As a result, the stylistic and space-planning characteristics of the buildings and structures included in the ensemble, determined by the specifics of the development of the city and its architectural and construction complex, were considered. The study showed that the status of Khabarovsk as the administrative center of the Amur Governor-General and, as a consequence, the presence in it of three categories of customers: the city administration, the military department and private merchants, as well as the characteristics of local building materials, determined the typological and form-creative diversity of the ensemble of the central street of the city , which developed during the period under review in four stylistic systems: Russian style, retrospectivism, “brick” style and modernism. The authors identified a range of problems of interaction between historical buildings and new construction objects, which are actively being introduced into the urban fabric and changing the perception of the cultural landscape of the city.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43556

Abstract: The article reflects the intermediate results of a study conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th century)". Within the framework of this publication, the authors raise the question of the need to study and comprehend the unique layer of regional architecture - the preserved wooden buildings of the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the city of Chita. Based on data from field surveys, the study of scientific literature and Internet resources, as well as data obtained in the course of work in the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, a systematic picture of the historical evolution of the wooden building of the city from the moment it was founded to the events of the October Revolution and the Civil War is presented for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the problems of developing the planning structure of the city and the ratio of wooden and stone buildings at different stages of its development. The features of the space-planning organization of buildings and structures of various typologies, the transformation of methods of decorative design of street facades and their dependence on the location of objects in the structure of the urban fabric are considered. Data are given on the creative and professional activities of a number of architects, engineers and other masters of architectural and construction art who worked in Chita in the period under review and who had a significant impact on the formation and development of the city's wooden buildings, as well as the spread of various architectural styles.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.41041

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38653

Abstract: The article reflects the results of the research conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern suburbs of Russia (the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century)". The publication examines the creative activity of the famous Trans-Baikal architect, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts Gavriil Vlasevich Nikitin, who worked in Chita at the beginning of the XX century. Brief biographical information is provided concerning the educational training of the architect, as well as his professional activities on the "outskirts" of the Russian Empire. On the basis of archival data and materials of field surveys, seven preserved buildings of apartment buildings built in the capital of Transbaikalia according to his projects have been identified. A brief digression into the history of the construction of these facilities is given, their spatial planning and stylistic features are considered. Apartment houses authored by G. V. Nikitin are of unconditional interest for historical and architectural science not only as examples of regional architecture of the pre-revolutionary period, but also as an example of the work of this master on a private order. Carrying out projects for representatives of the Chita merchant class, the architect managed to create a number of expressive structures that met the socio-economic and aesthetic needs of his time, as well as set the tone for the subsequent development of the central district of the city. The study showed that the architect mainly worked in the forms of eclecticism, skillfully combining motifs and elements of different architectural styles, thereby managing to form his own, well-recognized author's handwriting.