DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.17187

Abstract: The subject of research is the metaphysical concept of identity of the outstanding Russian philosopher Boris Chicherin. This concept permeates the entire complex architecture of his teachings: Sociology, philosophy, politics, legal doctrine, the doctrine of economic, religious and ethical views. Evolution of the thinker towards absolute idealism, formed the metaphysical concept of the individual caught up in turn a decisive influence on the very system of absolute idealism, it is becoming more and more personalistic. The methodology of the research is based on the principle of immanent critique, which allows to reconstruct the relationship and interdependence of the key ideas of the thinker. The article shows the evolution of Chicherin’s views on the nature of person. If the earlier works of the thinker, which followed almost exclusively in line with the ideas of Hegel, the identity presented only a transitory moment of historical development, the later works was treated the person as an essence, not only realize the idea of the Absolute, but carrying it in ourselves. The concept of person has had a largely decisive influence on the formation of philosophical personalism in Russia.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2015.12.1743

Abstract: The subject of this research is the transformation of the political and philosophical-legal concept of B. N. Chicherin throughout 1870’s. During these years, Chicherin was an active participant of discussions related to the further constitutional development of Russia. The confrontation between the liberal and democratic concepts of future constitution, as well as the entire complex of questions pertaining to the questions of development of political rights and freedoms and formation of the representative government, all of these became the subject for Chicherin’s major work “The Constitutional Question in Russia”. A special attention is given to the analysis of such changes within the political philosophy of Chicherin that took place during these years. Within the framework of this research the author demonstrates the evolution of Chicherin’s political concept towards the more gradual liberalism. The concept of gradual transition of Russian to the representative government based on the reformation of already existing government authority (the State Council) is being analyzed during the course of this research. This work also shows that Chicherin’s new concept of political life is aimed at consolidation of the truth within public relations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.10.16677

Abstract: Based on the analysis of Vladimir Solovyov's fundamental philosophical work 'The Justification of the Good', the author of the article studies the importance of Solovyov's ideas on freedom and human dignity for the key provisions of the liberal ethical and philosophical doctrine. Traditionally, Solovyov is believed to be the harbinger of social liberalism because he spoke of the right to have a decent human existence as the fundamental human right. This right is usually viewed in terms of redistribution of social wealth and social functions of the government. However, thorough reading of Solovyev's research shows that technically, he meant moral aspects of human existence but not pragmatic or legal aspects. These aspects refer to the fact that human has the right to be the source, purpose and meaning but not just a mean of social development. The analysis of the key provisions of 'The Justification of the Good' shows that the idea of human dignity is closely related to the idae of freedom. Decent existence and dignity itself are based on the human ability to choose the good freely and without any external influence or pressure while he always has an opportunity to commit the evil. In his article Chizhikov demonstrates the logical relationship between freedom, morals and human dignity. Solovyov provides true ethical and philosophical grounds for fundamental values of liberalism. For him freedom and human dignity are the basis and result of the universal process of the development of the good as a combination of both human and humanity moral development.