DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.40072

EDN: XEIRUG

Abstract: The Institute of Public Control in the Russian Federation is one of the most important legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of society in the management of state affairs. The legal regulation of this institution of civil society is based on a number of principles - the basic, most general principles that determine the content and main directions of regulation of this institution of civil society in the Russian Federation. This article is devoted to the analysis of centralism and decentralization as a principle of public control in the Russian Federation. The paper uses a number of principles of scientific research, in particular, historical-legal, comparative-legal, analysis, synthesis, etc. The purpose of the study is not only to formalize and substantiate the need to include in the current legislation the principle of centralism and decentralization in the organization and activities of subjects of public control, but also to identify and formalize the main problems that hinder the implementation according to the principle of this institution of civil society, a system of measures for their resolution has been developed and justified. The achievement of this research goal involves the implementation of a number of scientific tasks, in particular: 1) analysis of the concept and content of the principles of public control in the Russian Federation; 2) study of the list of these principles enshrined in the legislation on public control, in particular, in Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated 21.07.2014 "On the basics of public control in the Russian Federation"; 3) justification of the need to supplement this list with new principles (with formalization and indication of the author's definitions of their names and content); 4) analysis of the content of the principle of centralism and decentralization in the organization and activities of subjects of public control; 5) identification of the main problems hindering the implementation of this principle; 6) development and justification of a system of measures to resolve them, including by making appropriate changes and additions to legislation of the Russian Federation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.39869

EDN: RXCVAF

Abstract: Coverage of the problem. The constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of society in the management of state affairs need a system of legal guarantees, the most important of which is the institution of public control. This article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of the Government of the Russian Federation as an object of public control. Materials and methods of research. The subject of the analysis is the relevant provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the organization and activities of public control in relation to the activities, acts and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation and the practice of their application. In this article, general and private scientific methods are used, in particular, dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, interpretation of legal norms, historical-legal and a number of other methods. Results. The paper substantiates the role and place of the Government of the Russian Federation in the system of objects of public control. The article not only analyzes modern problems that hinder the organization and implementation of public control in relation to the above-mentioned object of public control, but also develops and justifies a system of measures to resolve them. Discussion. Further scientific reflection is needed on the development and implementation of new principles, forms, techniques, methods, types of public control measures that can be applied in its implementation in relation to the activities, acts and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.43666

EDN: VBXQFC

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of the fundamental documents of the migration policy of the Russian Federation of the last 30 years, the purpose of which was to identify changes in the fundamental approaches of the authorities in relation to migration and the corresponding legal and institutional changes. An array of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation from 1989 to 2023 (about 100 documents), concepts of migration policy, materials of speeches by the Head of State, meetings of various interdepartmental commissions and high-level profile working groups were used as sources. The study used comparative legal analysis; content analysis; synchronous analysis; general logical approaches and methods. The obtained results allowed us to identify seven stages of the evolution of the Russian migration policy. The boundaries in which the "fluctuation of the course" of migration policy occurs are determined. It is shown that the priorities that the migration policy should correspond to are equally significant, but competing, which leads to inconsistency of the measures taken. It is noted that in recent years, migration policy has been increasingly using adaptive management technologies, which contains risks for long-term goal-setting. The definition of the concept "limits of policy variability" is given. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a long-term Strategy of the state migration policy, which will take into account the systemic nature of the phenomenon of migration and the multilevel effects that arise as a result of the impact on the migration situation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.43882

EDN: WTTJFD

Abstract: The subject of the study was the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the implementation of control (supervisory) activities in the field of higher education, due to the introduction of a risk-based approach. Some problems of law enforcement are analyzed and proposals are formulated to improve the legal framework of the system for assessing and managing the risks of harm (damage) in the implementation of federal state control (supervision) in the field of higher education. Special attention is paid to resolving the issue of the prospects of embedding monitoring in the system of control (supervisory) activities in the context of a risk-based approach in the field of education. The work uses a set of methods and methods of cognition inherent in modern science, system analysis is used as a general scientific method, and special legal analysis is used as a private scientific method. As a result, the following conclusions are made: 1) the introduction of a risk-based approach has become the core of reforming the system of state control (supervision), including in the field of education; 2) there are problems of law enforcement of the established system of criteria for assigning objects of control (supervision) to risk categories and a list of risk indicators; 3) implementation of public and professional control tools in the higher education system in activities of control (supervisory) bodies; 4) there is a potential for the use of monitoring in control (supervisory) activities. As a result, there is a need to improve the system of criteria for assigning objects of federal state control (supervision) in the field of education to risk categories, within which it is important to take into account foreign and regional experience in applying a risk-based approach. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the development of his own proposals to supplement the list of criteria and update the established risk indicators. The novelty of the research lies in substantiating the importance of resolving the issue of the limits and prospects of embedding monitoring, as well as the results of public and professional control, in the system of control (supervisory) activities in the field of higher education in a risk-based approach.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.43672

EDN: VTRRIQ

Abstract: Legal analysis of inland waterway transport security and transport safety is of theoretical and practical importance. The following issues are relevant: uniform interpretation of the terms used in the Russian legislation what concerns ensuring security, in general, and transport industry, in particular; systematizing multiple entities aimed at providing and participating in the protection and defence of river transport facilities and infrastructure; improving preventive mechanism of protection from unlawful interference acts. The growth of accident rate entails the need to refine the current administrative law mechanism. The research goal is an attempt to work out proposals aimed at improving protection effectiveness of river traffic of passengers and hazardous goods. The objectives of the research are to conduct a legal analysis of the legal framework designed to ensure the safety of inland waterways and transport safety on inland water transport; to systematize a variety of definitions used while regulating safety issues. Based on the analysis, the author singled out the following types of inland waterway transport security: navigation security, and security of inland waterways and their infrastructure. The fact there are no legal norms regulating transport security in the Inland Water Transport Code of the Russian Federation testifies to the lack of both comprehensive security and the stipulated legal mechanism that can be used to protect this type of transport from various types of threats, including acts of unlawful interference. In order to boost the security of vessels and river ports, the author suggests to add the transport security passport of a ship to the documented system of measures used to manage ship security; to review the mandatory requirements established to ensure the safety and transport security of vessels in order for such demands not to overlap and not to impose unreasonable burden on business entities; to compare control and supervision activities on inland water transport by objects of protection in terms of navigable hydraulic structures.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0595.2023.4.43605

EDN: VTUSGY

Abstract: The subject of the study is the legislation of the EAEU member states on administrative offenses in the field of customs. A comparative analysis of the norms on administrative responsibility for non-declaration of goods operating in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic is carried out. The comparison of the list of administrative offenses in the field of customs affairs provided for by the national legislation of the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic was carried out. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that unified customs regulation is carried out on the territory of the EAEU, but administrative responsibility for violation of customs regulations is regulated by the national legislations of the EAEU members. At the same time, the sanctions and the list of compositions in each state differ significantly. The disproportionality of administrative penalties provided for by the administrative legislations of the EAEU member states has been established, and the need for unification of the composition of administrative offenses in the field of customs affairs, i.e. the establishment of a general list of articles providing for administrative liability for violation of customs rules, has also been identified. The importance of legal regulation of administrative responsibility in the field of customs in the EAEU states is underestimated, despite the fact that the institute of administrative responsibility is an effective tool for ensuring compliance with the customs legislation of the EAEU and national legislation on customs regulation. The directions of unification of legislation on administrative responsibility in the field of customs affairs in the EAEU states are formulated.