National Security - rubric Internal threats and countermeasures

Abstract: This research reveals the key factors in social discord in the process of social development of the Russian Federation and its regions that do not meet current trends of socialization of the economy. The scale of their spread and the depth of the indexes that characterize them allows classifying them as the key sources of formation of conflict potential and threats to national security to modern Russia. The subject of this research is the general trends in social development of the Russian Federation and its regions. The aim of this work is to determine the key factors causing social tensions and the zones of social conflicts in Russia. The methodological strategies of measuring include the principle of dynamic criterion, and are based on the evaluation of indexes of social differentiation of population, as well as research through determining the structure and level of poverty, consumption, and consumer spending. The criteria for evaluation are the indexes of level and quality of life. The author determines the dynamic or shift in the main zone of formation of conflict potential in modern Russia from ethnic and religious, towards the zone of socioeconomic and social employment.

Keywords: consumer spending structure, income differentiation, social inequality, social structure, conflict potential, social conflict, socio-economic development, unemployment and poverty, hired labor relations, social tension

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2021.3.35821

Abstract: This article explores the peculiarities of the phenomenon of poverty in the post-Soviet Russia as one of the key social indicators of the achieved level of well-being and sustainable development of the country. The subject of this research is the socioeconomic relations that condition the persistence of large-scale absolute and relative poverty, and excessive social inequality in the country. The goal consists in outlining boundaries of the existing methodology of definition of poverty; as well as in substantiating that the use of modern methods leads to lowering the subsistence line and minimum wage. The author forms the databases necessary for displaying the absolute and relative poverty threshold in Russia and other foreign countries for the period 2000 – 2019. The article also employs Data Mining. The information framework is comprised of the official statistics of Rosstat and Eurostat, usa.gov International Monetary Fund, World Bank, legal reference system ConsultantPlus; annual reports of the Credit Suisse Institute, World Inequality Lab; infographics of the information analytical portal Knoema. In the course of an analytical retrospective assessment of dynamics of the key indicators of poverty threshold in the Russian Federation, the author establishes a significant discrepancy between the official and actual threshold, which distorts the relevant picture of poverty, impedes the development of the effective strategy for overcoming poverty, which imparts chronic character to this phenomenon. Relying on the relevant foreign experience of poverty reduction strategy, as well as scientific and practical works of the Russian experts in this field, the author justifies the measures for eradication of poverty in the Russian Federation. Recommendations are given for amending the state policy on promoting reduction of poverty in modern Russia, taking into account the need to overcome excessive social inequality.

Keywords: redistributive policy, the trap of poverty, relative poverty, absolute poverty, living wage, median income, consumer basket, national poverty line, international poverty line, minimum guaranteed income

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2023.1.39292

Abstract: The article analyzes the impact of the absence of a single ideological and value construct of the image of the state in the minds of young people on the state of national security of the country. In the course of the research, an attempt is made to describe the current ideological constructs of the state that exist in the minds of young people. The authors study the consequences of the intervention of actors interested in destabilizing the socio-political system in the process of constructing the image of the state in the perception of young people. The analysis is conducted through the analysis of cases involving Russian youth in the current political agenda. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was a secondary analysis of the results of research on the value bases of political activity of young people, in which ideological ideas and attitudes are considered in the structure of moral and political consciousness. The organization of the socio-political system of the country takes place in a single information space, where the prism of moral and ethical values is constructed. Young people, as an age group characterized by not well-established life imperatives and a high level of content consumption, are ready to look at what is happening in the state through the prism offered to them in the information space. The problem of creating content is compounded by the lack of a single ideological and value construct that can justify to young people the need for actions taken by state institutions. The concepts of ideas about the state that exist among the younger generation are fragmentary and antagonistic, as they were spontaneously formed on the remnants of the Soviet ideological heritage and integrated Western narratives. In this article, the authors attempt to formulate current threats to national security based on a secondary analysis of studies of the value perceptions of young people and the motives for their participation in protest actions, which are based on the ideological disorganization of the younger generation of Russians.

Keywords: State institutions, Idea, Russia, values, image construction, moral, protest activity, the image of the state, Young people, Youth consciousness

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2017.1.22007

Abstract: The article considers British post-colonial migration policy in the context of the possibility of applying the British experience to the current migration situation in our country. The detailed analysis was applied to the legislative framework in the field of migration, as well as migration policy based on multicultural ideology. Emphasis has been put on the consequences and the influence of the mass migration from Asian and African countries on various facets of life of the British society - including political, economic, security fields, demography and the labour market.The novelty of the work is defined as the complexity analyses that led to the conclusion about the mismatch between the real and the declared migration goal setting of the British authorities. Migration laws were constantly tightened but the migration were not drastically decreased. A strategic course for building the multicultural social environment was set, but the decades of tolerance and other cultures respect propaganda resulted in exactly the opposite: segregation, marginalization, ethnic and religious division of the society. The British migration policy of the past 50-60 years failed in fact. The author highlighted key points and priorities the greatest attention should be paid to, due to the similarities between the two migration processes in our country and Britain. That will give the possibility to halt the development of negative trends analogous to the British ones and prevent scenarios threatening the security of our country.

Keywords: internal policy, multiculturalism, identity, ideology, security, Russia, Great Britain, demography, migration, labor market

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2021.6.37067

Abstract: This article substantiates the need for the development and application of the additional instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the measures for combating shadow economy, while the subject is the related punitive and preventive instruments. The research methodology employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy); systemic and comprehensive approach; official statistical data, normative legal acts, works of the leading researchers dedicated to the problems of expansion of shadow economy, computer-based legal research systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. The study of the normative legal framework and scientific writings of the leading scholars, as well as the analysis of practical experience of the Russian Federation in combating shadow economy allowed making the following conclusions: the effective system of combating shadow economic processes should be built on all levels of governance: micro, meso and macro; at the same time, each of these levels should be able to apply both punitive and preventive instruments that encourage the actors to engage in legal activity. In recent years, Russia largely implements preventive methods for combating shadow economy. However, the rate of shadow economy in the country remains high (33% of GDP), which thwarts the economic development.

Keywords: information base, tax incentives, special tax regime, capital amnesty, offshore, preventive measures, punitive measures, shadow economy, small business support, conjuncture

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2018.3.23050

Abstract: This article examines the development issues of national economy, advancing on the basis of reproduction of the mergers and acquisitions of non-financial corporations in risk-generating environment. The author implements a positive approach towards the analysis premised on the priority formation of representation on the ideal (model) economic climate as a dynamic system that determines the vector of solution development on its system-preserving modernization with subsequent identification of a significant cause the impeded the achievements of this condition. Such cause lies in a risk-generating nature of economic development on the basis of reproduction of the mergers and acquisitions of non-financial corporations. Using the abstract-logical and heuristic methods, the author demonstrates that the important condition of economic equilibrium in its neoclassical interpretation consists in ensuring the real sector of the economy by means of the own financial resources. Based on the comparison and evolutionary synthesis of the concepts of sustainability and balance, the author formulates the definition of the financial and economic equilibrium in macroeconomics. The nature of adverse effect upon the financial and economic equilibrium of the consumer and speculative mergers and acquisitions of non-financial corporations is revealed. It allows proving the relevance of the development of national economic mechanism towards imparting the ability to stimulate the reproduction of the productively motivated and effective projects of corporate integration.

Keywords: speculative motivation, system-preserving modernization, factual imbalance, risk-generating nature, reproduction, mergers and acquisitions, economic and financial equilibrium, national economy, consumer motivation, productive motivation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2022.5.38744

Abstract: The object of the study is the phenomenon of socio-economic inequality in the world and Russia. The subject of the study is poverty as an integral phenomenon of the lower strata of society with its excessive differentiation by income and wealth. The purpose of the study is to determine the depth of the problems of socio-economic inequality and poverty during the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The research methodology is based on the use of the principles of integrated and systematic approaches, general scientific and special methods of economic science. The information base of the study was data from the National Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, data from opinion polls conducted by VTSIOM and the Levada Center, the World Bank. The article is devoted to the problems of socio-economic inequality and poverty as interrelated, having common roots, causes, consequences and similar solutions. The depth of the studied problem is illustrated by statistical data in relation to Russia and individual countries of the world. Particular attention is focused on the accessibility of the poorest segments of the population to health services during the spread of coronavirus infection. The thesis that the pandemic has made the poor even poorer is confirmed. The authors cite alternative official statistics - the results of sociological surveys conducted by various organizations in order to emphasize the scale and depth of the problem of poverty and vulnerability of the population classified as the lower decile.

Keywords: progressive taxation, social federalism, federal program, deprivation, pandemic, extreme poverty, absolute poverty, the poverty line, socio-economic inequality, poverty

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2020.2.30184

Abstract: National terrorism is a complex issue, the cause for emergence of which lies in various factors and conditions that generate or are capable of generating it. The goal of this work consists in determining the key risk factors that contribute to emergence of terrorism based on expert polling of the members of academic community and law enforcement directly dealing with security of the Russian regions. The importance of this research is characterized by the fact that it allows assessing the main internal and external factors contributing to emergence and spread of national terrorism, causes thereof, and conditions that formed in Russia. The research is based on a social survey of experts in the area of security, containing questions on risk factors of terrorism. In the course of study, 72 causes for emergence of national terrorism were identified, which were later transformed into survey questions. The acquired results allowed establishing 18 main risk factors associated with the advent of terrorism. It was noted that the elimination of these risk factors will allow an overall reduction of the impact of less significant factors. The research results can be useful for countries and national regions experiencing high level of terrorist activity.

Keywords: national terrorism, risk assessment, security, threat, risk, terrorism, factors, survey of experts, strategy of resistance, rational choice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2022.1.36163

Abstract: In statistics, there is a phenomenon called "estimation bias". It is determined by the fact that with the spontaneous formation of the studied samples in social research, a kind of "shift" occurs, determined by the motivation of respondents. The analysis shows that a similar phenomenon occurs in many areas of evaluation related to a person: writing reviews about products and services, conducting surveys, forming applications. This principle can manifest itself in the formation of public opinion on socially significant issues: during elections, referendums, and the like. Moreover, knowledge of the principle of "displacement" can be used to organize a deliberate "shift" of the results of socially significant surveys. Examples of such use are the technologies of "color" revolutions carried out by relatively small groups of people or the wellвЂ“known method of so-called "smart voting". Using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the article shows possible approaches to the formation of such "shifts", analyzes the possible consequences of the implementation of such technologies and formulates proposals to counteract them. It is concluded that the purposeful use of "bias" assessment technologies can lead to conflicts of interests between different groups of society and the authorities, but it could not be corrected until now due to the lack of appropriate counteraction mechanisms. The development of mechanisms for assessing the consequences of the "shift" and countering it, theoretically, can provide counteraction to the use of external influences to destabilize the state in the case of intentional use of the "shift". In case of accidental formation of a "bias", forecasting methods will ensure the detection of an error. Conclusions are drawn that the proposed methodology for assessing the "bias" is not just a theory, its implementation will have a practical effect, which is to increase the stability of the system of state and municipal management.

Keywords: assessment of social processes, mathematical modeling, smart voting, intentional distortion of results, reliability control criteria, assessment of the adequacy of planning, evaluation of voting results, offset, statistical estimates, formation of a statistical sample

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2022.1.37339

Abstract: The current COVID-19 crisis signaled the need to change the paradigms of the development of the world economy from financial to industrial. This is most clearly realized at present in the USA, a world leader country that has been actively engaged in solving its enterprises in the real sector of the economy for several years. Against this background, Russia already has some lag, having almost not yet begun the revival of its once powerful industry. In addition, even the few industrial projects that are being implemented are mainly aimed at the development of extractive industries and the production of primary processing products. This state of affairs needs correction, which should be based on a wide range of scientific, organizational and technological measures, affecting not only the Russian Federation, but also integrating a large number of allied and neighboring countries. In order to overcome the existing problems, therefore, it is possible to make some recommendations that would be advisable to implement: - to implement a system of full-scale study of the dialectics of financial and industrial paradigm shifts; - to develop clear concepts of financial and industrial socio-economic development; - to develop a unified state program for the reindustrialization of the country, taking into account its implementation on the domestic raw materials base; - to form a strategy for integrating the economies of the CIS countries to increase their competitiveness; - to form an effective system for stimulating real production based on tax optimization and the development of public investment; - to create a logistics system for the supply of domestic products or products of the alliance formed on the basis of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; - to define the concept of ownership of the production capacities of the real sector of the economy by the Russian state and business; - create a system for the development and use of Russia's innovative potential, including in its regions; - create a system for regulating inflationary processes in the interests of the real sector of the economy.

Keywords: backshoring, niashoring, degree of redistribution, investment, production aspect, financial aspect, the real sector of the economy, reindustrialization, industry, outsourcing

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2023.5.68978

Abstract: The aim of the work is to determine the extent of regional differentiation in living standards (based on the analysis of monetary indicators) within the Volga Federal District, as well as the determination of the intraregional level of socio-economic inequality. The object of the study is the phenomenon of inequality as an antipode of the criterion of the social state. The subject of the study is the parameters of socio-economic inequality by income of the population of the regions of the Volga Federal District. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of inequality as a limiter of the target function of the social state. Results of the study and scientific novelty. 1. The author proposes to determine the degree of distancing society from the practical realization of the idea of the social state, defining the state of equality as a blue marker of the social state, and excessive inequality as a red marker of the social state. 2. The paper presents an analysis of the level of socio-economic inequality of the regions of the Volga Federal District. 3. In the author's opinion, one of the trigger mechanisms for solving the problem of socio-economic inequality should be social elevators that reduce the degree of distancing from the blue marker of the social state. 4. The author sees the root of solution in the structural transformation of the economy.

Keywords: social elevator, structural policy, redistributive policy, household income, standard of living, regional differentiation, equal opportunities, socio-economic inequality, markers of a welfare state, welfare state

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.1.15008

Abstract: The subject of this research is the factor of pricing policy on the psychoactive substances that produces a specific effect on the behavior of the actors of the illegal drug trafficking. The authors review a question about the interest of drug dealers in receiving excess profit, and claim that manipulating retail price allows orienting a sensitive on price consumer to switching towards the more new psychoactive substances, more profitable for the drug traffickers. The authors conclude that in order to get maximal pure profit, the drug dealers improve the already established schemes of the illegal drug trade. Due to this fact, the question of determination of the influence of price factor upon changes in volume and assortment of the psychoactive substances that form the narcotic market, gains relevance. A conclusion is made on the dominant influence of the traffickers of the psychoactive substances upon the changes in illegal drug market nomenclature via affecting the price factor that directs consumers towards choosing the less expensive synthetic narcotics.

Keywords: informal economy, drug market, psychoactive substances, drugs, price factor, illegal economy, legal psychoactive substances, drug users, new potentially hazardous substances, drug policy, informal economy, drug market, psychoactive substances, drugs, pricing factor, illegal economy, legal psychoactive substances, drug users, new potentially-harmful substances, anti-narcotic policy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.1.67535

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2018.6.28059

Abstract: The subject of this research is the norm of criminal law stipulated in the Article 205.2 with regards to regulation of responsibility for terrorism propaganda. This publication makes one of the first attempts to examine the new to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation term of “terrorism propaganda”, including in correlation with the act previously prohibited by the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is given to interpretation of the legal definition of such act, set by the Addendum 1.1 to the aforementioned Article. The author also examines the characteristics of the subject, subject side and the ground for criminalization of terrorism propaganda. The main result of the conducted research consists in definition of the boundaries of the criminal legal prohibition of the norm established by the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation due to inclusion of terrorism propaganda into its content. The study demonstrates how the new alternative action introduced into the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation practically consumed previously existing actions in the Article. In introduction of insignificant legislative correction into the Addendum 1.1, public calls for terrorist activity and public justification of terrorism could be completely excluded from the norm without loss of its content.

Keywords: grounds of criminalization, public justification, public appeals, dissemination of illegal information, terrorist activities, terrorism, propaganda, terrorist crimes, terrorist information, countering terrorism

Abstract: This article includes the political analysis of the problems of energy policy of the Russian Federation in the Caspian regions, then the author offers the ways to solve these problems.

Keywords: economics, national security, politics, Caspian, security, the CIS, hydrocarbon, energy, problems, regions.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2017.2.22068

Abstract: The subject of this article is the factors of political risks in activity of the political parties. The author provides systematization and classification of the factors of political risks in accordance with various criteria. The work touches upon the relevant social (growing unemployment, decrease in living standards of population), economic (reduction in actual income of population, lack of financial resources for realization of social and economic programs), and political issues (increase of protest moods) that significantly affect the formation and escalation of the political risks. Special attention is given to the information and electoral factors of the political risks. The author formulates a conclusion that consideration and systematization of factors of the political risks are necessary for making most optimal and efficient political decisions, which is manifests as an important condition for sustainable and safe development of the society, Multi-aspect and detailed analysis of the factors of political risks in activity of the political parties will allow preventing many negative social, demographic, economic, and financial consequences of decisions made at the state level.

Keywords: Political factors, Economic factors, Social factors, Electoral factors, Information factors, Factor of plebiscite risk, Political trusts, Electoral trust, Political parties, Political risks

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.1.62345

Abstract: This article is written based on ethnic and sociological studies on the issue of Wahhabism in the Republics of the Northern Caucasian Federal District of the Russian Federation, which took place in January and February of 2010 by the Northern Osetian Center for Social Studies of Institute for Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Northern Osetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies named after V.I. Abaev. The goal of this study and this article was to find out the attitude of people in the region towards the problem of radical Wahhabism. The mass poll among the people of the North Caucasian Federal District was performed, as well as the expert poll. The materials and studies showed that the importance of Islam and number of mosque-going people grows in mono-national republics of the NCFD. The appearance of the religious, ideological and political Wahhabism movement, which supports the personal spirituality, attracts many people in the Northern Caucasus region, since they are afraid of the negative processes taking place in the region.

Keywords: social studies, religious world view, crisis of Islam, Muslim religion, ideology, Islamic state, radical Wahhabists, Jihad, state.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.6.10257

Abstract: The article is devoted to several topical issues related to the spread of the terrorist ideology (personality of a participant of an organized criminal formation, its structure), which facilitates the growth of the social basis for the organized criminal formations in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: jurisprudence, terrorism, problems, fi ght, youth, study, personality, ideology, motivation, convict.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.6.63875

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the studies performed by the Institute for Economics and Peace in order to define the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) in different states. The goal of the studies was to provide comparative analysis of global tendencies in the development of ter rorism movement and situation in the Northern Caucasian region, which for a long time has been the range for terrorist attacks in Russia. The analysis allows to state that the processes in the Northern Caucasus are global in their nature. That is why, in the nearest future the possibility of terrorist acts shall remain both in Russia and globally. At the current stage one may only state the lessening the number of violent incidents. However, if one is to take into account the cyclical character of the processes, the stabilization is temporary and it is a short-term matter. The main goal for any state is to provide the access to political decision-making to all of the members of the society, and for that purpose it is necessary to totally review the concept of interaction between government and society. The absence of dialog with the government, the prohibition of political actions are the tendencies typical of the Northern Caucasian region, Russia, and they are also present at the global level, leading to total radicalization of protest and its position outside the legal sphere. If such a situation remains, it shall not be possible to uproot the terrorism.

Keywords: terrorism, the Global Terrorism Index, terrorism level, instability, the Northern Caucasus, the time and place database, criminal and terrorist acts, Imarat Kavkaz, bandit groups, Wahabiism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.1.63897

Abstract: The article is devoted to the perspectives of development of Islamic banking in the territory of the CIS state, where the Islamic banks are lately recognized as “useful” within the framework of a global financial crisis. The author draws a conclusion that the main instrument for the implementation of the Islamic global order goals is formed by Islamic banks, serving as an efficient instrument for the influence and pressure in the areas of spread of Islam for the purpose of implementation of the Islamic global order concept. It may be regarded as a threat to spiritual security of the state, being an inalienable element of national and constitutional security. The author is assured that implementation of the Islamic global order concept, where one of the vectors of Islamic global dominance is its penetration into the fundamentals of the economic life, threatens the secular principles and world views, as well as secular law of Russia, and it may cause irreparable loss to civil society and democracy in the Russian Federation.

Keywords: banking, Islam, spiritual security, secularity, religion, democracy, law, freedom of conscience, expansion, Islamization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.1.62346

Abstract: The distortion of modern Russian spoken language with the offensive language poses a threat not only to the ethnic and cultural identity of the Russian people, but to the national security of the Russian state. The cynical use of the offensive language in the everyday conversations of the grown-up people is understood as totally normal by the younger generation. One could easily imagine, what may happen to our language in the nearest future, unless we try to change the situation considerably. The history of Russian law shows that the Russian Orthodox Church was diligent in protecting Russian language against offensive language within the framework of its criminal legal jurisdiction for the protection of human dignity in the period since XI to XVII centuries. However, its efforts alone may be insufficient, unless the efficient legislative measures are taken against use of offensive language.

Keywords: jurisprudence, swear words, offensive words, offending, insult, the church Ustav, obscene, linguistic and historical, identity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10884

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64068

Abstract: The object of studies in this article includes national movements in the territory of the Russian Federation, and, more specifically, the Tatar national movement, which is one of the most active actors in the domestic political interactions in Russia. The ethnic political and federal development of the Russian Federation passed through the stage of separatist “sovereignty parade”, and as a result of the reform of “strengthening the government vertical” in early 2000, it is now characterized with the lower activity an role of national movements in the political discourse of national and territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. At the current stage in some regions national movement of the native peoples of these territories are out of the political arena due to degradation and discrediting of their ideas. In other regions these movements were transformed into other institutional forms, or their ideas gained new understanding among the national elites. The Republic of Tatarstan is quite interesting object to study from the standpoint of the ethnic and political development of the peoples of Russia. The main method of studies therefore is a systemic approach, allowing to include separate processes into the general global trends. The pan-Turkist ideology shows flexible mechanisms and forms of influence on the Tatar community. However, this ideology needs to address the basic postulates of the time of its genesis in some way. That is why the scientific and expert community of Russia should provide due evaluation to the “Idel-Urals” project as a radical theory provoking separatism in the Urals and Volga Region republics. Generally, the pan-Turkism is a complicated ideology, including various theoretical concepts and ideologems, which claims a rather large theory and a large number of ethnic groups. When this ideology is analyzed from the critical standpoint it becomes obvious that the pan-Turkist project is pragmatically used by Turkey. However, some politicians and public figures tend to evaluate implementation of pan-Turkist ideas as a revival of true national identity (for example, in the Bashkir and the Tatar national movements). However, the pan-Turkist ideology provides for a final goal of assimilation of all of the Turkic peoples into one super-ethnos based upon the Turkish nation, rather than providing only for cultural and political unity. In turn, it means that the Turkic peoples shall be destroyed as separate ethnic groups. At the age of globalization, when we face the choice among the paths for the development, we may not ignore geopolitical realities and threats. The ongoing global processes, fall of regimes under other regimes, victories of one ideology over another show the reform of the global structure and order. The national intellectuals of different peoples should be very careful when choosing concepts for the modernization of their ethnic groups, otherwise, there may be a situation when having “found their path for development” based on a certain ideological construction the entire peoples may become just mechanisms and instruments for the achievement of geopolitical goals of foreign states.

Keywords: nationalism, Tatarstan, pan-Turkism, national movement, Turkism, globalization, security, national security, soft power, sovereignty.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.3.15977

Abstract: The object of the study is the demographic policy as an important factor of the national security. The subject of the study is the demographic situation in the Russian Federation.The author examines in detail the demographic situation in the whole of the Russian Federation and in the regional context, the role of the mother justifies the capital as a method of improving the demographic situation in the Russian Federation.Particular attention is paid to the calculation of the integral index of the demographic development of the regions on the basis of the proposed methodology, developed taking into account the guidelines in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2012, and the concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020, Concept of the State Family Policy in the Russian Federation until 2025 and the Concept of Demographic Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025.The methodological basis is based on scientific methods, and in the special (financial, economic and statistics), as well as the principles of consistency and objectivity.The novelty of the study is the author of the proposed methodology for calculating the integral index of the demographic development of the Russian Federation to assess the demographic situation in the Russian regions.The practical significance of the research results is the possibility of their use for making concrete decisions on the modernization of social and economic processes of public authorities, as well as the use of student and faculty community in the educational process in higher and secondary special educational institutions.

Keywords: regional development, maternal capital, population policy, national security, indexes, demographic situation, regions, demography, quality of life, lifetime

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.3.67890

Keywords: regional development, maternal capital, population policy, national security, indexes, demographic situation, regions, demography, quality of life, lifetime

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.3.15386

Abstract: The subject of this research is the current state of criminality among individuals studying in college, which represents a significant threat to the criminal safety of the nation. The author talks about the term “student who committed a crime”, types of crime among students, and conducts analysis on repeat and group crimes of these individuals. The article also presents the trend of separate types of crimes committed by young people, including those who currently study, or with their participation (thefts, robbery, assault, murder, rape, drugs or psychotropic crimes, and other types of crime). The scientific conclusions presented in this article are based not only on the official statistical data, but also sociological polling conducted on the territory of Irkutsk Oblast among 310 students, 150 law enforcement agents, as well as expert opinions of 150 heads of educational facilities of Irkutsk Oblast. Based on the analysis of the official statistical data, the author also states that every twentieth crime is committed by a school or college student.

Keywords: Juvenile offence, Criminal safety, Education system, Criminal threat, Student criminality, Higher education, Faculty member crimes, Crime prevention, Trends, Preventative measures

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.3.66591

Keywords: Juvenile offence, Criminal safety, Education system, Criminal threat, Student criminality, Higher education, Faculty member crimes, Crime prevention, Trends, Preventative measures

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.5.18051

Abstract: Currently there has not established the precise understanding of the essence of economic security of a region, which is explained by the specific-local regional processes that form and affect the economic security. The goal of this research consists in development of theoretical positions for determination and substantiation of the components that form the logical structure of the category “economic security of a region”. The subject of this research is the combination of factors influencing the establishment of the logical structure of economic security of a region from the perspective of the actor-object relations. The author examines the questions of economic security of a region, considering the hierarchical levels of the socio-economic system of Russia. The main results of the conducted research include the substantiation of the combination of factors and components, which form the economic security of a region and serve as the foundation in future assessment of economic security of a region. The research of the logical structure of economic security of a region encompasses the assessment and explanation of the components, conditions, and factors forming the safe, compatible, and sustainable development of the region.

Keywords: Sustainable development, Compatibility of the region, Efficiency of the economy, Innovations, Threats , Meso- level, Structure of economic security, National security, Economic security of a region, Economic security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.5.68300

Keywords: Sustainable development, Compatibility of the region, Efficiency of the economy, Innovations, Threats, Meso- level, Structure of economic security, National security, Economic security of a region, Economic security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.5.16399

Abstract: This article examines conceptual approaches towards the issue of import substitution due to the worsening of the socio-economic situation caused by the drop of the global market oil conjunctureand the introduction of sanctions against Russia by foreign countries. The author presents characteristics of the current state of the country’s economy and demonstrates that there is a high level of the import component within the structure of domestic manufacture. Options of crisis recovery and ways of socio-economic development in the conditions of import substitution are being proposed. A special attention is given to the possible risks related to the selected strategy. The scientific significance consists in the suggested methods of overcoming crisis within the framework of realization of the new model of economic development. The other underlines the problems of the current state of the economy of the Russian Federation aggravated by the growing disproportions. The author develops and formulates the measures aimed at overcoming and solving existing issues in the near-term and long-term perspective.

Keywords: added value, income, wage, import substitution, crisis, profit, development, profitability, strategy, economy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.5.66982

Keywords: development, profit, crisis, import substitution, wage, income, added value, profitability, strategy, economy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.5.10972

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.5.65581

Abstract: Subjective state of social exclusion of the migrant community of the Altai Krai labor market. The migrant workers, both legal and illegal, experience significant limitations within the region’s job market. Among the most affected are their social and legal rights in the job market, which makes seeking a legal course of actions to resolve work-related issues virtually impossible. The subjective state of the social exclusion lies within the fact that such conditions are unacceptable to the migrants; they find themselves unable to exercise their rights in the labor market. This article presents the results of a social research in the form of in-depth interviews with various categories of migrant workers of the Altai Krai. During the 2012 and 2013, a cycle of in-depth interviews was conducted with the migrant workers (n = 35, of which legal n = 20, and illegal n = 15). In the course of the research it became evident that the conditions of the job market generally met the demands of the migrants who were interviewed, as they arrive ready and willing to work for less pay, higher workload and only a verbal agreement about the terms and the rate of pay, which significantly increases the risk that these agreements will be violated. They justify accepting these work conditions due to the fact that most of the time the migrants do not have the necessary paperwork allowing them to legally live and work in that territory. Throughout their employment, they may often find themselves being discriminated against in both, their relations with the management, and their colleagues. The work of those belonging to a different ethnic group is usually greatly underrated. Trusting relationships with the native population are quite rare, thus the migrants prefer to live and spend leisure time among a community of their own.

Keywords: Job market, exclusion, social exclusion, migrant, migration, migrant worker, legal migrant worker, illegal migrant worker, infringement of rights, state of social exclusion.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.6.13660

Abstract: This article presents the research on the issue of use of third-party commercial organizations by Russia’s armed forces, to which it outsources the non-essential types of activity of the Russian military. At the same time, the author notes the positive aspects, as well as problems that brought negative influence on the battle readiness of the military bases and divisions. The empirical base for the research became the data from the open sources on the practical realization of outsourcing services in the armed forces of the Russian Federation, and results of the audits of the outsourcing agencies by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the work consists in determination of the essential aspects of such phenomenon as outsourcing, as well as a complex presentation of the key problems that negatively affected the performance of Russia’s armed forces as the result of its use. Based on the results of the conducted research, the author determined a group of problems: lack of proper financial control over the activity of the outsourced organizations; creation of prerequisites for decreased battle readiness of the military bases; instances of corruption. As possible measures for reanimation of the military outsourcing, the author proposes ways of improving the legislation in this area, as well as the mechanism of organizational control.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.6.67238

Keywords: Outsourcing, Russian armed forces, Foreign experience, Military outsourcing, Outsourcing practice, Improving the outsourcing system, Corruption, Anticorruption measures, Battle readiness, Economic security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.6.13408

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.6.65745

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the issues of countermeasures against extremism in UK. Such concepts as “extremism”, “hate crimes”, “racism”, “and religious intolerance” are being reviewed. The author analyses the criminal law of UK regarding this subject matter, emphasizes problematic questions pertaining to this topic, and draws certain conclusions. The specifics of regulation of responsibility for fomenting racial or religious hatred, as well as crimes aggravated by racial or religious motives are being revealed. The author reviews tendencies of criminal-legal policy in the field of countermeasures against extremism in UK. It can be concluded that the notion “extremism” is not codified within the UK legislation, however it is present within the English criminology and is used by the law enforcement authorities. An attempt to establish criminal responsibility for instigating religious intolerance was made in 2001. Nevertheless, only in 2006 the Parliament of the United Kingdom accepted the law about racial and religious hatred, where for the first time the responsibility for fomenting religious hatred was ascertained. The notion “hate crime” is also not codified by the UK legislation, but the Crown Prosecution Service and Association of Chief Police Officers provided the general definition of a hate crime.