Abstract: The purpose of this article is to prove that it is possible to view the threats for Russia’s energy security from the point of view of such system properties as instability and tension in international relations regarding energy resources. Based on the fact that fuel and energy facilities play a significant role in ensuring a sustainable economic development, energy security is viewed as the most important element of national security. This research is part of the fundamental study of limited resources and intense competition for continuous import deliveries, diversification of the market and fair price formation. Taking into account that relations with several actors, each of which has it own motives and interests, are very like to be faced with conflicts, for forecast objectives it is very useful to apply to modern methods of conflict analysis, in particular, the phase-factor model of international conflict analysis. This model views conflict as a succession of phases, each of which is defined by a certain number of properties reflecting certain patterns of events and phenomena and defined through a previous historical analysis of similar situations. This instrument can turn out to be very useful when making a forecast about prospective development of international relations in the sphere of energy security.

Keywords: international conflict, energy security, globalization, national security, fuel and energy facility, forecasting, structure modeling, phase-factor model, energy resources, international stability.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7710

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8318

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.5276

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62811

Abstract: The present article describes the place of the USA intelligence service in the system of federal state authorities of the United States. The article views the differences in the legal status of numerous departments of intelligence service comprising the USA intelligence community. The author also describes the way these agencies are funded, managed and recruited. Special attention is paid at the comparison of the actual and legal statuses of intelligence services as parts of the intelligence community of the USA represented by one of the federal ministries, and intelligence agencies as autonomous elements of the American state (such as CIA or the Service of the Director of National Intelligence). In addition, the author of the article proves the supposition that despite obvious centralizing processes over the past decades, the USA intelligence community itself cannot be viewed as being independent from the federal executive branch of the USA government.

Keywords: intelligence community, intelligence agency, intelligence program, national intelligence service, DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency), state authority, federal agency, CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), National Security Agency.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62812

Abstract: The article describes the factors that allowed the Soviet Union to ensure food security prior to and during the Great Patriotic War. It is shown that agricultural economics created in the 1930’s in the USSR had a significant mobilization resource which, in its turn, enabled to organize its successful functioning under the conditions of blitzkrieg and total war. The author also underlines the role of prewar patriotic and udarnik movements. The article also tells us about the contribution of famous USSR agricultural scientists to food supply of population and to vegetable and plant supply of production sector during the war.

Keywords: economics, agriculture, USSR history, Great Patriotic War, agricultural engineering, selection, collectivization, industrialization, seed production, food security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8910

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62813

Abstract: The article is devoted to the expansion of fraud and theft in international economic community. Corporate fraud is a term covering a whole range of such serious violations as embezzlement, bribery, forgery, blackmail and etc. For the purpose of fraud management, a new profession of an auditor for fraud and theft was created. This profession includes a wide range of competences. Official investigation of fraud cases has only one purpose which is to clarify the facts. Starting the investigation of fraud, an auditor first makes a hypothesis about a person being guilty or not guilty and then tries to gather enough evidence in order to clarity what actually happened in the reality. Investigation of fraud requires mutual efforts of experts in different spheres. Recommendations on frau management developed on the basis of experience of auditors from many foreign countries are analyzed, summarized and presented in a form of a special guide. Several main provisions of this guide are described in the present article.

Keywords: fraud, theft, white collar crime, association, audit, auditor, financial security, corruption, entrepreneurial activity, forensic audit.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8722

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62814

Abstract: The death of the Russian Empire, followed by the epoch of cataclysms in domestic policies, caused significant changes in the life of the whole country. One of the most essential features of a new stage of development appeared to be the destruction of the state apparatus including the internal affairs authorities and subsequent rise in crime, the latter being one of the most important indicators of unhealthy society. Return to public order as an essential feature of a normal course of the country ’s population life and reconstruction of internal authorities were therefore the most important goals to be achieved by the new government. With this consideration in mind, we choose the NKVD of the RSFSR to be the object of our research, mostly militia and criminal investigation department. The subject of our research is the combination of legal standards established by legislative and other regulatory acts and organizational framework defining principles and procedures of acceptance for work and assignment for a certain position, service and dismissal and personal guarantees. The research has shown that the personal management at internal affairs agencies was of quite contradictory nature. From the one hand, it was quite obvious that they tried to find enough officials to be assigned for all required (and quite a limited number of ) positions. From the other hand, there were so called ‘cleaning up’ procedures that allowed to get rid of all the ‘undesired’ workers. At the same time, quite a spare number of officials had rather low professional requirements. Yet, even under such conditions the personal turnover and constant deficiency occurred.

Keywords: law studies, crime, NKVD (Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs), personnel, official, investigation, militia, crime, criminal investigation department.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7702

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7724

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8020

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7078

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62815

Abstract: The author of the article completes methodological developments in the sphere of assessment of fragmentary economic security by including dependent fragmentary economic security into the research structure. The author underlines the fact that effects of the relation between economics (so called adhesion effect) as well as the relation between economic agents within the economy (cohesion effect) altogether create certain grounds for viewing their interactions, in particular, economic security, from the point of view of the ‘Self – Others in General’ model.

Keywords: economics, economic security, free trade, mutual penetration of economics, substitution for domestic production, fragmentary security, economical fixation, autarchy, allowed import, globalization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7647

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8394

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8348

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62816

Abstract: Fight against tax crime is one of the most nettlesome issues in modern law enforcement. One of such problems is the relation between economically unjustified expenses and ways to commit tax crime. This is the issue the present article is devoted to.

Keywords: law studies, crime, taxes, levies, development, experience, expenses, feasibility, indicators, freedom.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62817

Abstract: The author of the article studies the objective aspect of a terrorist attack, analyzes and summarizes relevant opinions expressed by a number of scientists and conducts a comparative criminal law research of this issue in the Criminal Codes of the CIS member states. The author evidently shows that it is necessary to improve the legislative construction of the objective aspect of a terrorist attack in Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on examples from law enforcement practice, the author of the article concludes that the objective aspect plays an important role in qualifying a terrorist attack and delimitating it from other relevant crimes.

Keywords: law studies, security, terrorism, terrorist, objective, interpretation, qualification, improvement, delimitation, threat.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.2475

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62818

Abstract: The article describes the purposes, tasks, methods and technologies of psychological war operations used in raider (hostile) takeovers, i.e. operations on unfriendly absorption of Russian companies.

Keywords: psychology, national security, raiders, psychological security, information war, information inf luence technologies, economic security, psychological operations, unfriendly absorption, business security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7956

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.5250

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62819

Abstract: The article considers terrorism as a part of information-psychological threats of modern times. The author brings up the question about the role of communication media in social structuring of the terrorism phenomenon. Youth is viewed as the main target of manipulative and propagandistic influence aimed at forming their ‘extremist worldview’ and involving them into terrorist activity. In this regard, the author analyzes social and psychological peculiarities of such propaganda on the Internet aimed at forming loyal attitude towards extremism and terrorism as well as morally legitimizing violence. The author analyzes technologies of virtual virus marketing based on the phenomenon of psychological contamination and aimed at developing social fashion allowing certain behavior. In addition, the author also views some peculiarities of using technologies of convincing communication aimed at involving youth into terrorist activities. The author shows that it is necessary to improve information and psychological countermeasures to extremism and terrorism in particular social and historical environment.

Keywords: psychology, society, terrorism, youth, influence, information, communication, media-discourse, propaganda, countermeasure.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62820

Abstract: Based on his research, the author of the article offers concrete suggestions on how to improve the fight against terrorism and terrorism financing as one of the directions in reinforcing national security of Russia (the research is based on the example of the Republic of Ingushetia).

Keywords: law studies, fight, detection, suggestion, security, crime, optimization, investigation, terrorism, financing.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.8083

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7738

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62821

Abstract: At the present time Western and Russian researchers are paying much attention to one of the forms of political process – democratization. This may be due to the fact that over the last few decades many countries have been facing the collapse of authoritarian regimes and consequently attempts to establish the democracy institutions. One of the researchers in this sphere, S. Huntington, called that process ‘the third wave of democratization’ that covered a significant number of countries. However, noteworthy that the history of the countries which have experienced the third wave of democratization partly rejected Huntington’s conclusions. Their political development has demonstrated how controversial and complex this process is. A bright example is the other side of democratization – establishment of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in the former USSR countries.

Keywords: political studies, national security, politics, international relations, democratization, democracy, liberalism, national interests, Russia, USA.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62822

Abstract: The article contains the analysis of the USA politics in the Central Asia over the last twelve years, i.e. during the shift from involvement of nearby states into the ‘war against terrorism’ and attempts to reformat the region up to using the ‘smart’ force during Obama’s governance. It is concluded that during both republican and democratic governance the USA regional policy has remained contradictory and inconsistent. It has also been inertial for the most part and has considered peculiarities of the Central Asia from the point of view of Afghanistan. The author describes the process of development of the bilateral relations between the USA, Russia (which at first was viewed as the factor allowing American invasion into the region) and their main regional partners, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. It has been discovered that the ‘war against terrorism ’ did not keep the USA from implementing the policy of intervention into internal affairs of their regional partners which could seriously damage the national security system of the Russian Federation and create both internal and external threats for it. Such contradictory external policy of the USA is most likely t remain in the future, too, which pushes Russia towards both cooperation and opposition to national interests of the USA for the purpose of reinforcement of its own security.

Keywords: political studies, Asia, USA, partner, Russia, involvement, reformatting, security, interests, region.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7627

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62823

Abstract: The article presents a criminological description of crime committed by foreign migrants and distribution of such crime rate in regions in particular. At the present time migration is one of the most important indicators of ethnopolitical and socio-economic processes in a society and state. In the world growth of migration is believed to be caused by global economic processes. In Russia migration also refers to the economic situation in Russia and neighboring counties. However, it is due not to the processes of economic globalization, modernization, innovation – based development, and etc. but to the gaps created when the country is transferred from the extensive economy towards intensive economy. Mass migration of unskilled workers allows us to stay ‘on top’ of commodity economy. The threat for national security is mostly caused by the crime committed by illegal migrants. We should not forget about how dangerous illegal migrant’s crime can be for our society. Illegal migrants make up to 90 % of the total crime rate among foreigners. Even though criminal activity of foreigners does not exceed the criminal activity of the Russian Federation citizens, there is still a number of other important features that demonstrate a serious danger to the society.

Keywords: law studies, crime by foreign migrants, distribution of crime by regions, different crime rates in regions, inf luence of diasporas on crime rate, indicating crime, regional distribution, reasons, serious crime, illegal migration.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.5040

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.7746

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2013.3.62824

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the modern state of valuation activities in the Russian Federation and views both legislative and methodological problems directly related to business valuation. The author evidently shows that there is a need in using an independent method of business valuation as an efficient instrument of managing a company in the system of national economy. The author also describes the structure and analyzes valuation methods, the latter including a significant number of different approaches to valuating the cost of a company. The author proves that it is necessary to improve existing valuation methods and develop (or improve) economic instruments so that they would cover all the numerous issues related to business valuation. At the same time, the author notes that the concept of economic profit can be used as the basis for creating new models and business valuation methods which would take into account the system approach.