Abstract: In his instruction the editor-in-chief answers the main questions about philosophical anthropology as an independent science. It is underlined that many researches interpret philosophical anthropology as a particular sphere of philosophical knowledge, a particular philosophy and a unique way of understanding the meaning of existence.

Keywords: philosophy, anthropology, philosophical anthropology, science, human, society.

Abstract: The article analyzes the three basic conceptions of cogitation created by G. P. Schedrovitsky. The first conception is aimed at creating the theory of cogitation and views cogitation as a developing semiotic process and activity. The second conception limits the definition of cogitation to methodologists’ activity and researches its reflection. The third conception interprets cogitation as a subsystem of thinking activity conditioned by communication in particular.

Keywords: philosophy, cogitation, conception, genesis, activity, thinking activity, designing, communication, culture, methodology.

Abstract: The article analyzes views on the actor of social engineering during Utopian, Engineering and Post-nonclassical periods of development. The author describes various types of actors of the social engineering and shows the relation between the conditions for finding the true knowledge and the process of formation of the actor.

Keywords: philosophy, sociality, engineering, system, network, truth, rationality, formation, education, communication.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems arising before he Russian culture in the age of oncoming globalization processes. The author analyzes the impact of modern social and economic tendencies on national mentality and brief ly describes the ways to save the Russian culture under such conditions.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, globalization, westernization, mass cult, identity, values, mentality, social being.

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Abstract: It is the first time in scientific literature that we study the history of the Roerich Pact on preservation of cultural objects and the program of its implementation ref lected in N. K. Roerich’s works during 1910-1930. The issue of the defense of cultural objects is now becoming even more relevant which is also conditioned by the socio-cultural situation both in our country and all over the world. The author of the article describes t he main t argets of t he Roerich program implemented by t he world community as well as s ummarizes scientific works related to N. K. Roerich’s activities in the sphere of protection of cultural objects. The results of the study can be very useful for salvation of topical questions related to protection of monuments of the world civilization at different levels. Factual material can be also the ground for further researches on this topic, creation of generalized works on the theory, history and practice of defense of cultural objects as well as cultural history.

Keywords: cultural studies, pact, culture, legacy, ethics, evolution, up-bringing, environmental studies, peacekeeping, community.

Abstract: The article describes the role and significance of the concepts of the universal, particular and singular in categorical structuring of a number of philosophies during the 20th century. In particular, the author touches upon the concepts of the universal, particular and singular in Hartmann’s ontology, Husserl’s phenomenology, Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, Sartre’s existentialism and a few representatives of the classical positivism, empiriocriticism, neopositivism and post-positivism. The article also shows that the mentioned above concepts relate to the main components of the world view.

Keywords: philosophy, universal, particular, singular, world view, phenomenology, fundamental ontology, existentialism, positivism, empiriocriticism.

Abstract: The article represents the author’s views on the phenomenon of contrast in Russian culture of the 20th century. Culture goes a long and difficult way f rom traditional t o a new c ulture, but it i s e ven more difficult for new forms, phenomena and occurrences to settle down in a cultural space. The main feature of this article is an attempt to see the system in the contrasts of cultural dynamics.

Keywords: philosophy, contrast, culture, historicism, socio-dynamics, system, evolution, conformism, dehumanization, innovations.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the relationship between a myth and a narrative in the history of culture. The author studies the transfer to the narrative linguistic formations in agricultural societies. Various versions of the Vita Herbae are viewed both as the initial magic formulas and complete narratives. The magic scheme ‘human/plan’ in vita herbae texts shows the possibility of transfer from the magic or transitive language (ergon language) to the connotative linguistic structure (energeia language).

Keywords: philosophy, culture, household, myth, language, narrative, magic, ritual, syntaxes, text.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to the memory of Benoit Mandelbrot who died on October 14, 2005. He was a talented mathematician, the author of the book ‘The Fractal Geometry of Nature’ (1977), the father of the fractal geometry, honored member of the IBM corporation, sterling professor at Yale University, holder of many rewards in science, the researcher who coined the term ‘fractal’, demonstrated the universal nature of fractal structures in nature and created the fractal math for their description. He is the scientist who made the revolution in physics which eventually led to the fundamental discoveries, hypotheses and creation of new technologies.

Keywords: philosophy, Benoit Mandelbrot, fractal geometry, nature, fractal theory, harmony, fractals.

Abstract: The article analyzes dialectics of the social and individual under conditions of everyday postmodern. Based on the statement about the unbreakable connection between ‘being’ and ‘communication’ the author of the article makes an attempt to create the outlines of the transcendental conception of the dialects of the social and individual consciousness and being under conditions of everyday post-modern. Special attention is paid at the synthesis of metaphysical origins of the communication phenomenon with its phenomenal imperatives and characteristics, at the mechanisms of their interaction and interdependence.

Keywords: philosophy, the everyday, lifeworld, phenomenology, being, authentic being, unauthentic being, transcendental communication, event, love.

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Abstract: The article considers the factors which ensure a sustainable development of a society. Special attention is paid at the traditions securing the collective social experience. The article also analyzes the modern condition of the Russian society and Russian attitude to the phenomenon of stability.

Keywords: philosophy, tradition, society, stability, transformation, development, revolution, evolution, empire, power.

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Abstract: The article analyzes the public discussions on religious freedom at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The author of the article gives a brief description of legislation in the sphere of religion and traces back actualization of such terms as ‘freedom of conscience’, ‘religious tolerance’, freedom of belief’, ‘religious freedom’, and etc. The author reconstructs the public polemics on religious freedom and describes different approaches to it. In his study the author uses the method of a c omparative analysis and t ypologization. The author concludes that there were no clear and common understanding of questions related to religious freedom at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th in Russia. The author shows the poly semantic nature of all terms related to religious freedom. The most controversial is the question about the ‘freedom of conscience’. The author defines the four basic interpretations of this term: 1) freedom of conscience is equal to the freedom of choice of the world view; 2) freedom of conscience does not relate to the sphere of legislation because it is a philosophical and theological idea meaning a) freedom from the sin; b)freedom of the thought and dogmatic beliefs; c)free will; 3) freedom of conscience is interpreted as a propaganda of atheism; 4)freedom of conscience is a meaningless term and we should refuse from using it.

Keywords: philosophy, religion, f reedom, consciousness, tolerance, religious tolerance, confession, pre-revolutionary, Russia, Soloviev.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the causes of occasional conf lict situations and aggravation of tension in modern Dagestan. Despite the fact that every concrete conf lict has a unique configuration and certain causes, the author describes the groups of typical reasons of intolerance and tension in a society which considerably helps to understand the situation in a region better and to solve the tasks of formation of ethnic and religious tolerance.

Keywords: philosophy, confession, ethnos, Dagestan, interaction, proneness to conf lict, reasons, tolerance, dialogue, agreement.

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Abstract: The article analyzes Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach to studying human destructiveness. Maslow offered an integrated approach t o s tudying human b ehavior and s howed t hat human destructiveness is not an instinct but a multi-factor phenomenon and human beings are capable of greater deeds than wars, prejudices and hatred. One of the most important reasons of human destructiveness is a blocked selfactualization or self-realization which can be caused by one of t he following: f rustrated b asic needs (such as a need in respect by others, safety and love); personal fixation on the needs of the lower level (physiological); and unfavorable socio-cultural conditions. If, a normal self-actualization through love, creative activity or spirituality is impossible for any reason, it can be replaced by the self-actualization through destructive behavior.

Keywords: philosophy, destructiveness, aggression, humanism, multiple-factor, self-actualization, needs, behavior, integrity, frustration.

Abstract: Existential is viewed as the skill to live and keep mutual understanding outside one’s ethnic and territorial borders. Personal (democratic) aristocratism has played a great communication role in it. Being created by the mechanisms of reproduction of the humankind through a family, aristocratism has a biotechnological nature. Consequently, it fully corresponds to human nature. The author gives great and original materials as a proof of his point of view.

Keywords: philosophy, existential, hermeneutics, aristocratism, mentality, biotechnology, family, virtue, risk.

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Abstract: Thematization of Self in the culture of Late Enlightenment and its ideological opponents is a complete plot. Being one of the basic intuitions of the New Time, Self is included in the new context of cultural studies. It leads to the conf lict between the old conception of the substantial Self and the new conception of an active empiric individual. The victorious romanticism model tears down the principle of the united Self.

Keywords: cultural studies, crisis, civilization, culture, self-discovery, subjectivity, romanticism, Counter Enlightenment, Enlightenment, Self.

Abstract: This article is an attempt to analyze the influence of the consumer culture on artistic culture during the last third of the 20th century from the point of view of the consumer society theory. The author of the article distinguishes the terms ‘consumer society’, ‘consumer ideology’ and ‘consumer culture’. The author also describes the fundamental differences between the consumer culture and artistic culture at the local and global levels.

Keywords: philosophy, consumerism, consumption, consumer ability, culture, ideology, modernization, consumer, society.

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