Linguistic picture of the world on the example of the diplomatic discourse of the Russian and Arabic languages

Al-Lami Furkan Abdulsalam Postgraduate Student, Department of Higher School of Translation, Lomonosov Moscow State University 117321, Russia, Moscow region, Moscow, ul. Ostrovityanova 16 Building, 16 allamifffff@spbu.su

Modern diplomatic discourse has become interdisciplinary. This is evidenced by many examples of the fact that for effective communication (oral and written), knowledge of a foreign language, knowledge of its vocabulary, grammar and stylistic rules is not enough to successfully conduct international negotiations and achieve the desired results. The inability to use certain forms of speech in writing, communicating, communicating and acting in politics due to possible violations of international law sometimes creates confusion and prevents communication. The same problem arises when representatives of different countries, ethnic groups and peoples interact. The need to resolve and prevent cultural, ethnic and religious conflicts has prompted many Governments of different countries to introduce mandatory courses on the study of culture, customs and history of a country before sending communication messages to another country. In some countries, there is also a tradition to hold language courses every year when employees of international organizations return from business trips.

Human relations are regulated by people's knowledge and understanding of the rules and norms of human relations, understanding the linguistic picture of the world of a particular ethnic group. Each language culture has its own language, and native speakers organize their speech content accordingly. There is no doubt that the worldview of any person is expressed in language. Language is the most important way for a person to form knowledge about the surrounding world^[1]. Those who correctly express the goal express the consequences of their consciousness in action.

One of the first linguists to pay attention to the inner world of language and thinking was V. von Humboldt. He claimed that "languages form the first part of human thinking and perception" ^[2]. V. von Humboldt saw in language the "golden section" between thought and reality and pointed out that language enhances our thoughts, consciousness. This part is the "spiritual matter", the mind. "The worldview is mobile and dynamic, it is constantly changing, because it contains a language that destroys reality." Thus, "language plays an important role in the formation of ways of thinking: the leading role is played by the collective experience of generation and language"^[3].

The term "Linguistic picture of the world" (German sprachliches Weltbild or Weltbild der Sprache) was introduced into science by the German linguist Leo Weisgerber. The scientist emphasized the role of language in relation to human thought and practical experience. To develop this approach L. Weisgerber started with the so-called "active" method of learning languages. This means that people have discovered a language that positively influences the thoughts and actions of its speakers. This method of language learning involves the study of language models. In other words, the linguistic image of the world in a language is a universal set of knowledge about the world and people.

Political rhetoric is the subject of research by the following linguists who have studied discourse as a linguistic unit: E.I. Sheigal, P.B. Parshin, T. van Dyck, Y. Habermas and others. A diplomatic language can be considered an official language. Politicians express their opinions and have the necessary influence on their audience. Studying the speeches of politicians, we can not only predict certain actions and their intentions, but also identify the most effective methods and methods of persuasion. Diplomatic speech is characterized by a pragmatic component, which includes the goal of the speechwriter (speaker).

The purpose of this article is to study the socio-cultural and linguocultural aspects of diplomatic discourse based on the principles of effective cooperation between national institutes of linguistic science and media organizations in order to strengthen the positive image of the country in the international arena. In our opinion, a comparison of the Arab and Russian experience in the field of diplomatic discourse and in the prism of the linguistic picture of the world is more necessary today than ever before.

The structure of the system of political communication characterizes the written and oral communication of representatives of different ethnic groups. Political discourse is characterized by respect, tolerance, respect, avoidance, increased sociability and practical orientation. The concept of "success" is also important (as a rule, successful negotiations). In the study of diplomatic discourse, the stability of the system of speech types and nonverbal parts of speech is observed. It is noted that the overall importance of the style and manners of a diplomat is greatly influenced by the style of communication during negotiations. At the same time, non-verbal means of communication are important: voice, facial expressions, body movements, gestures.

The analysis of diplomatic discourse cannot ignore the well-known features of the Arabic language, since the language, which has been formed over the centuries under the influence of national thought, is associated with the evolution of human thought and social consciousness. Today, the Arab-Muslim heritage of culture is opposed to the art of Anglo-Saxon influence, and a situation of trilingual cooperation has arisen: Arabic, English, Russian. The main disadvantage of pictorial words in Arabic is associated with the introduction of separate and unusual words into the speech process.

Let's consider the linguistic features of diplomatic discourse. In some ways, these features resemble political discourse. Therefore, this can be traced in the language of the leadership, because one of the main characteristics of political communication is the desire to "obscure" the real situation. Thus, such techniques as the creation of deliberate uncertainty and political correctness are very common in both political and diplomatic discourse. D. Krystal in his book talks about the so-called obscure term "half-truth, half-truth"^[4]. The goal is to avoid false accusations and unsubstantiated statements. A similar tactic is used in diplomatic communication, where diplomats must perform tasks such as avoiding conflicts, protecting reputation, avoiding "offensive" questions from other participants in communication.

The second characteristic of the language of indirect communication is the absence of "random" lexemes. This is the main requirement for the language. Because what the recipient says must be interpreted correctly in order for the recipient to benefit. From a political point of view, simple speech is often preferable to ensure that what is said will be understood by all members of society. However, in diplomatic documents, the language is saturated with signs of an official business style. It is impossible to completely exclude the meaning of the spoken language from the access of indirect information.

Researchers pay special attention to written diplomatic documents. All diplomatic documents can be divided into two groups. The first is internal communication, the second is external communication. Internal communication is characterized by brevity, clarity and meaningfulness. In addition to clarity and meaningfulness, external messages should also show caution, attentiveness, restraint, understanding of the words used, and the ability to use diplomatic language correctly. "In many cases, problems arise not because of misunderstandings, but because of the lack of literary language in diplomatic documents and official communications"^[5].

Another characteristic of the language of diplomatic discourse is its dependence on the words and phrases used. For example, discussion, cooperation, attitude, motivation, interaction, innovation ( ? ? ? )^[6]. Bulleted text is characterized by the use of such words and combinations of commonly used literary language. These terms are used in different senses in various documents, such as protocol, memorandum, etc. It is extremely important to use various international diplomatic terms and international legal terms as diplomatic terms. This lexical group of intermediate words includes many words and phrases, mainly of Latin or French origin.

The next linguistic characteristic of diplomatic communication is the use of the official business language. For example, the words of the protocol contain a request to the person to whom the document is sent. A specific person addresses representatives of other countries with different titles and titles. It shows the social status of the speaker, for example Your Majesty, Your Highness ( ? )^[7] The vocabulary of etiquette also often includes various historicisms, for example, sir/madam ( / / / / / / / ). In addition, within the framework of the etiquette protocol of the diplomatic language, the formulas of official politeness of various protocols are used. They are used as final compliments at the end of the correspondence. For example, "write with reverence", "Take the pledge of respect" ("with the greatest respect"), "With the deepest respect and devotion are at your servant," "Your Excellency", "I Have the honour to be" (" " ? " " (" ") ? " ?   " ? " " ? " ). Most of these speech formulas are international in nature.

In addition to the above features, the syntactic structure of media texts is characterized by the use of all kinds of conditional and simple expressions that meet the requirements of meaning and understanding. "The use of such constructions is explained by the main purpose of diplomatic discourse: the peaceful resolution of conflicts or contradictions"^[8].

Therefore, it can be concluded that the analysis of the linguistic features of diplomatic speech shows that it is close to the official business style. The use of commonly used words and expressions, media language and some cultural information to perform the task of transmitting information and establishing relationships with media texts. The use of literary language is not considered a specific, closed form of speech, but in a general sense, tropes can be used to assess the nature of social relations.

The linguistic aspect of the Arab world is characterized by two main features of the Arabic language. Arabic dates back to ancient Arabic as an "intellectual writing style". Arabic idioms (or Arabic pronunciation) are the main forms of oral communication used in everyday life, by word of mouth and on the radio, in magazines and in different countries and regions^[9]. Latif Walid Abdullah notes: "thoughts and thought processes arise during the word-by-word synthesis of many words, and, finally, foreign words acquire symbolic meaning through the use of metaphors"^[10]. Some of these words can be found in modern dictionaries. In Arabic, there are many variations of two, three, and sometimes four letters. There may be one character at the beginning of the word, in the middle of the word, at the end of the word, or even one character outside the word. Such a word is sometimes difficult to interpret.

The designation of diplomatic discourse is controversial. Although the term "Arab diplomacy" is closer to Western terminology, on the other hand, communication is based on the traditional structure of the official Arabic language. For example, the words of diplomatic discourse (protocol, method, prohibition, advice, announcement, etc.) "are used in the romanization of the world." Latif Walid Abdullah notes that the study of words as a language group should be based on a combination of two things: classifications and manipulations^[11].

Haifa Trabelsi, an Arabist researcher of diplomatic discourse, wrote about this: "Political language education is used in important spheres of human activity. The phenomenon of synonymy is very characteristic of the Arab diplomatic discourse, and sometimes it leads to a close union of different lexemes, which is ambiguous in coordination." For example, words of different stylistic layers belong to the same meaning: the words of different stylistic layers: the words of different stylistic layers: the words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers: The words of different stylistic layers include the words of different stylistic layers. "The main method of synonymy in diplomatic terminology is the creation of Arabic equivalents of borrowings and the preservation of already Arabized borrowings"^[12].

Familiarity with the Arabic language and analysis of published articles in the field of interpersonal relations allow us to draw conclusions about the features of this subfield of effective legal business communication from the point of view of cultural and linguistic comparative methods. Firstly, this substyle seems to be characterized by a combination of phonetic and grammatical models. Conflict in diplomatic discourse can be considered as a form of creating a good image of a "human" state in situations where consensus and balance of interests of various parties are important. This factor determines the language of diplomatic discourse and its features: pragmatic orientation, stereotyping, adaptability, strictness of rules, installation of respectful tolerance, ambiguity of judgments, legal syntactic complexity of the text, indirect meaning, ambiguity.

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