Glazovo estate and other estates of the Bazhenovs near the town of Kashira in the first third of the 19th century.

Bezverkhy Dimitry Valeryevich Student, Department of German Language and Translation, Moscow State Linguistic University 119034, Russia, Moscow, Ostozhenka str., 38, 1 mitya.bezverhy@yandex.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction

Glazovo manor in Kashirsky district of Tula province (now the village of Staroe Glazovo of the Venevsky district of Tula region) occupies a special place in the biography of the outstanding Russian architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov (1738-1799). It was here that the architect regularly lived during his disgrace after being removed from the construction of the Tsaritsyno estate in the second half of the 1780s and early 1790s, and it was in the village of Glazov in 1799 that Vasily Ivanovich was reburied from the Smolensk Cemetery in St. Petersburg according to his will.

In the article "Glazovo Manor by architect V. I. Bazhenov. New research" the author presented new information from the history of the Glazovo estate, which changed the idea of the estate of V. I. Bazhenov ^[1]. The article considers the contribution of researchers A. I. Mikhailov, S. R. Dolgova, F. V. Razumovsky, M. G. Borozdinsky, V. N. Uklein, E. I. Ilizarova, V. Snegirev to the study of the history of the Glazovo estate, summarizing their findings and observations and presenting many new information revealed during archival research.

In this article, the author continues the study of the estate of architect V. I. Bazhenov and aims to highlight the history of the Kashira estates of the architect's family in the first third of the XIX century until their complete sale in 1837, finally clarifying a number of important issues of the history of the Glazovo estate. The novelty of the research lies in the publication of many previously unknown information and documents identified by the author in the course of work in the archives of Tula, Nizhny Novgorod and St. Petersburg. For example, an inventory of the manor structure of the Glazovo estate in 1823 is given for the first time, the fact of V. I. Bazhenov's burial in the cemetery of the former Glazov village is finally confirmed, and the fate of the manor stone St. Nicholas Church, which the architect laid in 1784 and was never able to finish, is also clarified. Clarification of these issues is important both from the point of view of bazhenov studies and from the point of view of the history of Russian art and architecture in general. All dates in the study are given in the old style.

Sequence of ownership of estates

To begin with, it is necessary to clarify the sequence of ownership of Kashir estates by the Bazhenov family. According to the revision tales of the Kashirsky district, on the 4th revision of 1781, it was established that the architect V. I. Bazhenov acquired the village of Glazovo and the village of Romanovskoye in the Kashirsky district of the Tula province in 1777 from Lieutenant Naum and lieutenant Ivan Egorovich Puchkov ^[2]. From the Pisarev landowners in 1778, he acquired the village of Annino Boloto and from them in 1779 the village of Naumovskoye ^[3]. In the same years, V. I. Bazhenov acquired half of the neighboring village of Panova with Glazov. After the architect's death on August 2, 1799, his wife Agrafena Lukinichna owned the Kashira estates until her death, which followed on February 20, 1817 ^{[1, p. 36]}.

Back on June 15, 1798, Agrafena Lukinichna made a loan of 4,375 rubles for 25 years at the State Loan Bank in St. Petersburg, secured by an estate in the village of Annina Bolota 11 souls and the village of Naumovskaya 45 souls. After her death, the bank announced an inventory of the estates, since part of the debt was not repaid. However, shortly after this announcement, the debt was closed (apparently by one of Agrafena's children). The Board of the bank reported "the estate mortgaged by Mrs. Bazhenova should not be described ^[4].

As the daughter of Agrafena Lukinichna, the widow of the court counselor Nadezhda Vasilyevna Markova, wrote in 1825, "My parent, Madam, the actual state counselor Agrafena Lukinishna Bazhenova, during her lifetime, the estate left after her, movable and immovable with people and peasants, consisting of the Tula province of the Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov, the villages of Romanovsky, Naumovsky, Panova and Annina, a total of two hundred and forty-nine souls for the 7th revision of the male sex, provided her children, and my brothers, Gentlemen Major Generals, Cavalier Konstantin, Vladimir and Colonel Vsevolod Vasilyevich Bazhenov, so that of them Konstantin to our elder sister, Colonel Olga Vasilyeva Geta, Vladimir to me, and Colonel Vsevolod our younger sister, the court counselor Vera Golzhausen, was paid four thousand two hundred rubles at a time, and they gave a girl or a woman from their estate to each person" ^[5].

The will of Agrafena Lukinichna was made on October 27, 1816 and approved in the St. Petersburg Civil Chamber on July 17, 1818. When receiving Kashira estates in possession, the brothers, according to their mother's will, were obliged to pay 4,200 rubles to the sisters and give "a girl or a woman from their estate", but they did not fulfill their obligations to the sisters that This entailed legal proceedings to recover the debt from them. For example, in 1824, on the recommendation of the Kashirsky District Court, a ban (restriction on disposal) was imposed on the Romanov estate of Konstantin Bazhenov for non-payment of the above amount to his sister Olga according to his mother's will ^[6].

After the death of Agrafena Lukinichna, the Kashir estates were not officially divided between her sons. Formally, Glazovo and Annino Swamp belonged to Vladimir, Naumovskoye and Panovo belonged to Vsevolod, Romanovskoye belonged to Konstantin. Only the household people were divided between the brothers, whose amicable division was committed on May 16, 1818. Due to the non-division of the Kashir estates between the brothers, in the prescribed two-year period after the death of their mother, the estates were taken over by the Kashir noble guardianship, and staff captain Dmitry Vasilyevich Ilyin, landowner of the Kashirsky district, was appointed guardian ^[7].

Anticipating his short-lived life, December 26, 1819 Vladimir Bazhenov wrote a will, according to which he gave all his estates (both in Arzamas and Kashira counties) at the full disposal of his wife Anna Khristoforovna: "... my movable and immovable estate, consisting of two provinces: the first is the Nizhny Novgorod Arzamas district... and the Tula Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov, the villages of Naumovsky, Romanovsky, Panov and Annina, how much belongs to my part, as well as yard people and peasants with all belonging to them, with land, meadows, forests, cattle, with their peasant and lordly structure, I give everything without withdrawal to my wife Anna Khristoforovna Bazhenova, and to be her guardian over that estate of mine" ^[8]. According to the will of Vladimir Bazhenov, who died on May 5, 1820, his only son Mstislav had no right to dispose of property without his mother's knowledge.

In 1823, the Kashirsky district Court conducted an official division of the Kashir possessions of the Bazhenovs: Naumovskoye and Panovo were assigned to Vsevolod, Romanovskoye to Konstantin, Glazovo and Annino Boloto to Anna Khristoforovna and her son Mstislav, who also got a small part of the village of Panova with land and peasants. In total, 82 male souls (156 souls of both sexes) and about 406 dessiatines of land in three estates belonged to Anna and Mstislav on the 7th revision: 217 in Glazov, 107 in Anna's Swamp and 82 in Panov.

On July 22, 1824, retired lieutenant Mstislav Bazhenov died childless, and Anna Khristoforovna became the owner of Glazov, Annina Bolota and Panova entirely. By the way, shortly before his death, Mstislav married Natalia Sergeevna Yazykova, who after her husband's death did not get any part of the Kashira estate ^[9].

Two years later Konstantin Bazhenov died, and Romanovskoye was inherited by his son Nikolai, who wrote in 1826: "I have an estate immovable with people and with peasants, inherited by me after my late parent, Mr. Major General Konstantin Vasilyevich Bazhenov, consisting of… Tula province of Kashira district in the village of Romanovskaya, which is in my actual possession ...". However, in the early 1830s, for numerous particular debts (i.e. debts to individuals) of the already deceased Konstantin, the estate was sold at auction to the collegiate counselor Maria Pavlovna Varnek (nee. Chernysheva, in the second marriage titular adviser Denisova) ^{[1, p. 39]}. In the course of the study, an announcement was found in 1832 about the sale of Romanovsky: "The estate belonging to the late Major General Konstantin Vasiliev Bazhenov, consisting of the Kashirsky district in the village of Romanovsky: various manor buildings, dairy and standing bread in the threshing floor, a fertile garden, horse and cattle, yard people and peasants, Revizh men 81, women 61, newly born men 30, women 34 souls, lands of different 453 tithes, estimated at 29,150 rubles. 10-year complexity of income 9,874 rubles. 55 kopecks" ^[10].

By 1827, the case of payment to Apollo Vsevolodovich Bazhenov, a cornet of the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment, 1,500 rubles. from the amount of income from the estates of Naumovskoye and Panovo of his father, collected by the Noble Guardianship in 1820. Due to the fact that Vsevolod's estates for a particular debt in 1824 were described and were under guardianship, and the income was collected to pay off debts, guardianship was unable to proceed with the issuance of the indicated amount ^[7].

In the early 1830s. Vsevolod Bazhenov lost his Kashir estates, they passed to his creditor, provincial secretary Zakhar Vasilyevich Grazinsky, from whom Vsevolod borrowed 20,250 rubles and did not return. In 1827, an announcement was published about the sale of the village of Naumovsky, in which the description of the manor structure is of particular interest: "The estate of Colonel Vsevolod Bazhenov, for non-payment of money to the provincial secretary Grazinsky by borrowed letters of 20 250 rubles, consisting of the Kashirsky district in the village of Naumovsky: peasants and household people, laid down according to the current 7th revision of the male sex with lost 80, female 81, newly born male 31, female 27, of both sexes 219 souls, land 392 tithes, including good 100 tithes, average 180 tithes, bad 112 tithes, hay mowing 43 tithes, forest, shrubbery and drill 14 tithes, under peasant yards, vegetable gardens and linnets manor land 12 dessiatines, peasants and household people can give 1200 rubles of income per year, the master's buildings are rooms chopped from different woods, with these a human wing, 2 anbar and a cattle yard; this estate is estimated at 30,369 rubles" ^[11].

The manor structure of the Glazovo estate

In the course of archival research, the author found an inventory of the manor structure of the Glazovo estate, which was made during the division of the estates between the Bazhenovs in 1823 ^[12]. This inventory finally made it possible to understand what the buildings of the estate of the architect Vasily Bazhenov were: "... the section according to which the late Major General Vladimir Vasilyevich Bazhenov's wife Anna Khristoforova and her son Mstislav of the Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov had a manor structure: a chopped spruce forest with a canopy, a chopped lime forest cellar, a chopped hut of such in the same forest, a bird hut chopped aspen forest, with it a barn, surrounded by one half with a fence and the other with a fence, a chopped riga in the forest, next to it a chopped sheep with a ceiling on the threshing floor, two chopped anbar, a chopped carriage shed and the whole structure is covered with straw. With the same cattle: cows milked with different wool 12, bulls 5, heifers 3, bulls of the spring 2, sheep old and young 52, birds of geese old 6, turkeys old 8, Russian chickens 19".

As can be seen from the inventory, the buildings of the Glazovo estate were simple and unpretentious. Most likely, an ordinary chopped hut was the manor house of the estate, where the architect V. I. Bazhenov and his family members stayed. From the inventory, it can be concluded that the architect, due to the numerous vicissitudes of life, could not acquire a solid structure in Glazov. Nevertheless, he laid out in Glazov a magnificent regular park with earthworks (ramparts, ditches, terraces), preserved to this day and identified by the author of this article on May 7, 2017. Perhaps the buildings of the estate were of inexpressive architecture, but the brilliant architect managed to skillfully weave them into a single ensemble with a unique park, the layout of which, according to the author, resembles the motifs of the layout of the ensemble of the Grand Kremlin Palace (1767-1775), which became the greatest project of architect V. I. Bazhenov ^{[1, pp. 22-23]}. Thus, in Glazov, the architect realized in general terms and on a reduced scale the layout of the main idea of his life.

Decline of the Glazovo estate

In 1826, a ban was imposed on Anna Khristoforovna's Tula estate for non-payment by her to the collegiate adviser and cavalier Alexander Vasilyevich Zelenetsky of 8000 rubles. according to an earthly letter written on July 2, 1823 ^[13]. Back in 1825, a member of the Kashirsky Zemsky Court went to Glazovo to collect a debt from Bazhenova, expecting to find a debtor in the estate. However, her headman, Pyotr Fedorov, informed him that "his mistress is not in the house," and she lives in the Arzamas district of the Nizhny Novgorod province, and there is no money in the manor house either ^[14].

It is important to note that in the first third of the XIX century. The Bazhenovs did not live in Glazov and other Kashir estates. Only occasionally they visited these parts to visit their father's grave. For example, in January 1817, Konstantin Bazhenov visited Glazovo: "From January 1 to January 4, Mr. Major General and Cavalier [Konstantin] arrived [in Moscow] ... from Arzamas Bazhenov, on his way to Kashira" ^[15]. From Kashira, Konstantin then went to Glazovo.

In 1827, the village headman of Glazov, Evstigney Ivanov, reported that Anna and Natalia Bazhenov did not live in Glazov, but in the village of Ponetaevka, Arzamas district, Nizhny Novgorod province; the village headman of Romanovsky, Rodion Demidov, reported that his master Konstantin Bazhenov had died, and there was no son of his heir Nikolai Bazhenov in the house, but he was on duty in Pereyaslavsky horse-jaeger regiment and lodges in Yelets; the headman of the village of Naumovsky, Ivan Efremov, reported that his master Vsevolod Bazhenov does not live in Naumovsky, but in the village of Kardavil of Arzamas county ^[16].

Without proper economic supervision, the Glazovo estate was in a neglected state, falling into decay and ruin. According to Nikolai and Natalia Bazhenov in 1827, the Tula estate (Glazovo and Annino Swamp) "falls into decline from time to time" ^[17]. The estates were now and then transferred to the department of the Kashira noble guardianship, which looked after them and collected income from them to satisfy the debt claims of numerous Bazhenov creditors. Anna Khristoforovna was formally listed as the landowner of the estates, but she did not dispose of them. Some archival sources erroneously indicate that the owner of Glazov was Vsevolod Bazhenov, but Vsevolod himself wrote that he never had any part in this estate ^[21].

Sale of the Glazovo estate

In 1830, Glazovo, Annino Boloto and Panovo were again taken into the department of the Kashira noble Guardianship, which designated the trustee of the estates of the Kashira landowner, titular adviser Alexander Grigoryevich Krupennikov ^[18]. In the same year, to satisfy the debt claims of the youngest daughter of the architect V. I. Bazhenov, Vera Vasilyevna (married. Golzhausen), part of the estate was sold. As Vera herself wrote, "After the death of my father, the actual state councilor Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, according to the spiritual will ... I should receive 2,333 rubles from my late brother, Major-General Vladimir Bazhenov, for the payment of money, as I could not yet receive for all my insistence." As a result, part of his father's estate went under the hammer. On June 23, 1830, 82 tithes of land and 11 male and 7 female souls of peasants of the village of Panova were sold at auction to the staff captain Anna Fedorovna Khmyrova for 3,545 rubles ^[19]. 

In 1833, the headman of the peasants S. Glazova appealed to the Ministry of Finance with a request to turn them into free farmers on the occasion of the appointment of the estate of Anna Christoforovna Bazhenova for sale for non-payment of debts, which, by the way, the peasants were ready to pay for her. However, according to the law of 1803, the dismissal of peasants into free farmers was possible only with the consent of the landlords. Their request was not granted ^[20].

Back in 1825, Glazovo was described and assigned for sale for a particular debt ^[21]. However, then the estate for some reason was not sold. The fatal hammer of public auction touched Glazov only in 1837. On September 7, 1837, an announcement was published about the sale of the last Kashir estates of the Bazhenovs (published for the first time):

"From the Tula provincial board, it is hereby published that, due to the non-payment by the late Major General Vladimir Vasilyevich Bazhenov to various creditors of money, the estates of his lord Bazhenov's wife Anna Khristoforovna and their son, second lieutenant Mstislav Kashirsky district, are described:

1st in the village of Glazov: peasants of the audit men 58, women 52, cash men 59, women 64 souls, two granaries and anbar manor buildings, 217 different lands in the cross-strip ownership, 7 different dessiatines, income is obtained per year 550 rubles, and in 10 years 5,500 rubles, estimated at 5,500 rubles.

2e in the village of Annina: peasants of the audit men 24, women 33, cash men 26, women 36 souls, land in cross-strip ownership 107, forest two tithes, income is obtained per year 350 rubles. and in 10 years 3,500 rubles., estimated at 3,500 rubles.

Which estates are appointed by this board separately for sale for the term of the next November 16th with a rebidding in three days, the estate being sold can be seen on the spot, about which the above is said and the inventory and evaluation in this board for the purchase of which estates are willing and creditors and gentlemen Bazhenov or their attorneys if they wish to be at the sale have to appear in this board is by the deadline shown" ^[22].

In September 1837, the village elder of Glazov, Zinovy Yefimov, informed the noble assessor Teplov, who arrived at the estate, that "the guardian of Mr. Alexander Grigoryevich Krupennikov and at the estate of my masters [Bazhenovs], the village of Glazov and the village of Annina have no plans and fortresses and I do not know where they are." In other words, there were no documents on the estate in the estate or the guardian ^[23].

Finally, in November 1837, auctions were held for the sale of Glazov and Annina Bolota. They were attended by Guards Captain Nikolai Pavlovich Chernyshev (by proxy from his wife Anna Nikanorovna), Guards captain and cavalier Ivan Alekseevich Nikolaev, titular adviser and cavalier Mikhail Ivanovich Denisov, titular adviser Nikolai Stepanovich Ershov, collegiate secretary Alexander Nikolaevich Elagin and titular adviser Ivan Mikhailovich Sakharov ^[24]. According to the results of auctions, Glazovo was purchased by N. P. Chernyshev on November 26, 1837 for 22,550 rubles. ^[25]. Annino Swamp was purchased for 10,500 rubles by I. A. Nikolaev, who lived with his family in his own estate Mikhnevo in the same Kashirsky district. The Chernyshev family owned the Glazovo estate until the end of the 1880s ^{[1, p. 47]}.

It is impossible not to pay attention to the fact that according to Glazov's inventory of 1837, there were only two dilapidated chopped granaries of a lime forest covered with straw and one barn, which is a small part of the structure that was displayed in the inventory of 1823. This led the author to the idea that most of the manor structure of the Glazovo estate, including the house where the architect V. I. Bazhenov stayed, while without the economic supervision of his family, became dilapidated and then was either dismantled or burned down in the late 1820s or in the 1830s. According to the same inventory, there was no manor building at all in Anna's Swamp. 

Grave of architect V. I. Bazhenov in the village of Glazov

Despite the fact that the issue of the burial of architect V. I. Bazhenov in the Glazovo estate, it would seem, has already been resolved, some researchers still have disputes and doubts about this topic. In the course of the study, the author discovered a petition from the architect's son, Colonel Vsevolod Bazhenov, addressed to Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich, dated December 1835, which contained information that finally confirmed that the architect was buried in the Glazovo estate near Kashira, and not in the village of Glazov near Pavlovsk or in the estates of V. I. Bazhenov near Arzamas, as this was considered earlier ^{[1, p. 19]}. Here is a fragment of this petition: "... in this estate there remains one dear to me, the ashes of my father with 82 souls, lying in the Tula province of Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov, transported there from St. Petersburg in 1799 by the special will of Your Imperial Majesty's resting parent in memory of his family, which ... is now being publicly sold for debts not ancestral, namely the wife of my late brother, Anna Bazhenova… The Truth and the Truth of Russia! Ascend by grace... and protect at least the coffin of my famous father, lying in the Tula province of Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov."

In the petition Vsevolod wrote that Anna Khristoforovna, the wife of his late brother Vladimir, was to blame for the sale of the Glazovo estate, where the coffin of his "famous" father lies: "these debts were not acquired by my brother, but by the extravagance of my brother's wife Anna Khristoforova." Vsevolod believed that it was important to preserve "the estate where their parent's ashes rest in perfect integrity," but Anna, with her debts, resolutely wanted to deprive the Bazhenovs of "their parent's coffin already crushed by her in the Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov" ^[26]. Nevertheless, it was already too late to do anything, Glazovo was doomed to be sold. The above archival references allow us to put an end to the topic of the burial of the architect V. I. Bazhenov in the village of Glazov.

The grave of the architect, abandoned by his family, was abandoned and eventually lost in the cemetery of S. Glazov. As the author has established, the memorial to V. I. Bazhenov at the cemetery of the former S. Glazov, arranged in 1996 on the initiative of E. I. Ilizarova, does not mark the burial of the architect, but is a cenotaph, that is, a symbolic grave ^{[1, pp. 33-36]}.

St. George and St. Nicholas Churches of S. Glazov

At the time of the acquisition of Glazov by V. I. Bazhenov, a wooden church in the name of the Great Martyr George, built in 1770 on the site of the old one, was already located in the village ^[27]. It was located across the river from the estate on the clerical church land, with a cemetery and the courtyards of the clergy. In the course of studying the clerical records for the first third of the XIX century, it was possible to reconstruct in general terms the appearance of St. George's Church. It had no fence and no bell tower, and the bells hung on two pillars. The church was covered with planks. In 1816, in the statement of the state and property of the churches of Kashirsky district, it was noted that St. George's Church "is not dilapidated with walls and roof, only the head and the cross are bent to the south side ... with a silk sacristy, books and all utensils are satisfied" ^[28]. In 1817, it was already indicated that "the head and cross that leaned to the side were properly corrected" ^[29]. In 1825, it was mentioned that the church "does not have a magnificent appearance from the outside, but inside it is decorated with splendor is not bad and has no shortcomings" ^[30]. The Church owned 36 tithes of arable land.

In the first third of the XIX century, the parish of St. George's Church included the Bazhenov estates: the village of Glazovo, the village of Annino Boloto, the village of Naumovskoye, the village of Romanovskoye, the village of Panovo, as well as the village of Selinka of the landowners Pisarev and the village of Turaevo (belonged successively to the widow of Colonel Anna Ivanovna Levshina, Ekaterina Petrovna and Grigory Alexandrovich Demidov, Praskovya Grigoryevna Bekhteeva). Half of the peasants and the land of the village of Panova belonged to the Bazhenovs, and half to the landowners Likharev. Also, a small part of the peasants and land in the village of Romanovsky belonged to the landowners Belov. In 1825, the parish consisted of peasant landowners Bazhenov (235/234), Belova (7/7), Likharev (20/15), Pisareva (17/20), Demidov (45/48), a total of 324/324 souls ^[30].

In order to avoid confusion, it is worth noting that in Kashirsky County there were two villages of Annina Swamp, located two versts from each other. One village Annino Swamp was part of the parish with . Odintsovo, the peasants of this village belonged in the first half of the XIX century to Major Ekaterina Evstafyevna Sobolevskaya, then to her daughter Natalia Andreevna (married Captain Ivanov) and after her grandson, provincial secretary Ivan Alexandrovich Ivanov. Also , the land without peasants in this village was owned by landowners with . Odintsovo, Zhadovsky et al. ^[31]. Sobolevskaya had a house in Annina Bolota where she lived with her family. By the way, Ekaterina Evstafyevna, her daughter and son-in-law, Alexander Dmitrievich Ivanov, were buried in the Novospassky Monastery in Moscow ^{[32, p. 487]}.

The other village of Annino Boloto in 1778-1837 belonged to the Bazhenovs, since 1837 – to Captain I. A. Nikolaevu. It was part of the parish of S. Glazov, since 1833 – in the parish of S. Zhezhelny and since 1844 – in the parish of S. Krasny-Voskresensky ^[33]. Often this Annino Swamp was referred to simply as Annino or Anninka, it also had a second name – Perebalovka ^[34].

In the course of working with the documents of the Tula archive, a curious plot from the history of the St. George Church of S. Glazov was revealed. The case of the writing of a forged letter by the priest of St. George's Church Ivan Yakovlev to Konstantin Bazhenov, the son of Agrafena Lukinichna Bazhenova, who still owned the estate, dates back to 1816-1817. The priest was charged with writing a letter to Konstantin Vasilyevich accusing his clerk, Vasily Grigoryevich Strashnikov, who, by the way, was still a servant of the architect V. I. Bazhenov. In the letter, the clerk was accused of ill-treatment of peasants. During the investigation, it turned out that the letter was forged and written not by a priest, but by a fugitive yard man Yakov Kulpinov. The investigation did not confirm the fact of the clerk's ill-treatment of the peasants. Yakov Kulpinov was convicted and sentenced to public punishment with whips on Kashira's Trading Square ^[35].

In 1833, St. George's Church was abolished, and the rural parish of Glazov and Annina Bolota was transferred to the parish of the neighboring village of Zhezhelna. Romanovskoye, Naumovskoye and Panovo were transferred to the parish of St. Nicholas Church of S. Barabanov. The utensils and the sum of money of St. George's Church were transferred to the Church of Michael the Archangel in Zhezheln: "... of the church utensils, only one silver cross and a silver censer are known to us, which were donated by the late General Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov; of the icons painted on the canvas, some are known that by the care of the same parishioner General Bazhenov", "...from icons painted on the walls and standing on the walls, some were sacrificed by the same General Bazhenov" ^[36]. From this description of the property of St. George's Church, transferred to Zhezhelnu, it became known that the architect V. I. Bazhenov donated silver crosses, censers, and icons on canvas to the church of his village. It can be assumed that these icons could have been made according to the sketches of the architect himself, because in 1782-1785 the Italian artist Antonio Claudo painted the Great Cathedral of the Donskoy Monastery "according to a given idea" by V. I. Bazhenov, that is, according to his sketches and supervision ^{[37, p. 29]}. The large 29-pound bell of the abolished St. George's Church, which was damaged from the edge and was bought by Ustin Vasiliev, a dependant of the deceased peasant of the village of Panova General Agrafena Bazhenova, was transferred to the Ascension Church of Tula ^[38]. The further fate of Bazhenov's gifts of the St. George Church of S. Glazov is unknown. In the clerical statements of the village of Zhezhelny for 1900, it was noted that the sacred objects transferred from the church of the village of Glazov "do not appear in the inventory and there is no separate inventory on them" ^[43].

Also, in the materials from the archive of the Tula historian and local historian N. I. Troitsky (1851-1920), stored in the archive of Tula, information was found about another item of St. George's Church, transferred after its abolition to Zhezhelnu. This icon was kept in the sacristy and was a copper plaque, on one side of which was depicted the Savior, and on the other was placed a text in Russian with the title "Image of our Lord Jesus Christ, taken from ancient Roman manuscripts", translated from French by S. Sokovnin ^[39].

Although St. George's Church was abolished in 1833, it was not immediately dismantled. After its abolition, it was assigned to the church of the village of Zhezheln. In 1845, it was even decided to restore the dilapidated St. George's Church, but later the Tula Consistory refused this undertaking ^[40]. In the clerical statements of 1850, it was noted that "service in it is very rare ... the building is wooden with a bell tower on pillars, the walls are strong, and in the dome in heavy rains and snow there is a leak, the floors are all swell, and especially in the altar under the holy see ... the utensils are very poor" ^[41]. Over time, the abandoned church has become very dilapidated. In 1860, it was noted that because of the dilapidation, services were no longer held in it: "the walls are very dilapidated, as well as the floor, ceiling and roof ... there are no utensils" ^[42]. In 1870, by decree of the Tula Ecclesiastical Consistory, the Church of St. George the Great Martyr S. Glazov, whose parishioner was Vasily Bazhenov, in which gifts donated by the architect were once kept, was dismantled, and its material was sold ^[43].  

In 1784, in the village of Glazov, architect V. I. Bazhenov, near the wooden St. George Church, laid a new stone church in the name of Nicholas the Wonderworker with two side chapels: the Great Martyr George and the Holy Martyr Vasily of Kherson. The architect intended to replace, in his opinion, the old St. George's Church with the new St. Nicholas. The architect wanted to dedicate the second chapel of the new church to his heavenly patron ^[44].  

Architect V. I. Bazhenov, addressing his children in his will, wrote bitterly: "... but do not build yourself, and completely ruin yourself from the structure" ^{[45, p. 228]}. The architect realized this from personal experience, because he could not finish the stone St. Nicholas Church in his estate. The laying of the church took place on the eve of the tragic visit of Empress Catherine II to the Tsaritsyno estate in 1785, followed by the dismissal of V. I. Bazhenov on vacation from 1786 to 1792. In 1792, he already moved with his family to St. Petersburg. In the course of studying the clerical records of the Kashirsky district in the village of Glazov, the author found out the degree of completeness and the fate of the Bazhenov St. Nicholas Church. In the gazette for 1834, the following description of its condition was found: "near this St. George's Church, the church of a stone building in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in 1784, which was erected by the windows, and to this day it is not over yet, and the whole structure of that church consists without rain and snow in ruins" ^[46]. In other words, the St. Nicholas Church was built only up to the level of the windows, and the unfinished building was in a ruined state. Already in 1835, the following was indicated in the clerical statements: "the whole structure of that church, since it had been without a care, is now allowed by the resolution of Your Eminence to take the merchant and temple builder Fyodor Yeremeyevich Rudnev to the city of Kashira to build a bell tower at the Nikitsky Church" ^[47]. After 1835, the St. Nicholas Church was no longer mentioned in the clerical reports. Apparently, the remains of its material were really used in the construction of the bell tower of the Nikitsky Church in Kashira, which, by the way, has been preserved and can store fragments of the material of the Bazhenov church from the Glazovo estate. However, the material of the Nikolskaya Church was not immediately used to build the bell tower of the Nikitskaya Church. The merchant F. E. Rudnev began to build it only in 1843 ^[48].

During the inventory of the Glazovo estate in 1837, 6 strips of strip iron and 26 pieces of rod iron with a total weight of 72 pounds were found in the manor barn. This iron was stored in the barn for a long time without use, which is why it was covered with rust. It turned out that it was purchased "for the construction of a stone church newly laid in this village [Glazov] with money donated from parishioners zealous to that church." It was the initiative of "both the village of [Glazov] peasants, and the village of Romanovsky of Mrs. Denisova peasants" ^[49]. Apparently, attempts were made by the parishioners of S. Glazov to complete the construction of the stone St. Nicholas Church, but they were not crowned with success. The iron, valued at 218 rubles, was also sold at auction.  

The author of this study identified the remains of the foundations of the Nikolskaya Church of the Glazovo estate on May 7, 2017. The stone from the foundations of the church is almost completely selected, and only fragments of red brick and processed white stone blocks can be found in the deep pits formed. During their study, it was found that the church had to have a centric character and a cruciform plan. The author made an assumption that it was the plan of the Nikolskaya Church of the Glazovo estate depicted in the portrait of V. I. Bazhenov in the family circle (1784/1785, collection of the A.V. Shchusev GNOME) ^{[1, pp. 27-28]}.

Conclusion

Thus, in the course of the study, it was possible to open previously unknown pages of the history of the Kashirsky Bazhenov estates in the first third of the XIX century, clarifying a number of important issues. In general, it can be concluded that this period of the history of the Glazovo estate is characterized by the decline of the estate of architect V. I. Bazhenov. The architect bequeathed to his sons that the Glazovo estate, dear to his heart, in which he found shelter from life's difficulties, was "always in your hands intact, and not in any other kind of someone" ^{[45, p. 228]}. Unfortunately, being without the economic supervision of his family, the estate fell into disrepair and eventually went under the hammer for numerous debts. Most of the manor building, apparently, was lost, the manor St. Nicholas Church, founded by V. I. Bazhenov on the eve of the Tsaritsyn tragedy, was never completed, and the grave of the great architect was abandoned and eventually lost in the cemetery of S. Glazov. Nevertheless, the regular park of the Glazovo estate, broken by architect V. I. Bazhenov, has been preserved and continues to remind of the former splendor of the estate and of the great Russian architect who created here and found refuge in a difficult period of his already difficult life.

List of abbreviations

Central State Archive of Moscow – Central State Archive of Moscow

GATO – State Archive of the Tula region

TSANO – Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region

RGIA – Russian State Historical Archive

GANO, Arzamas – State Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region, Arzamas

GNIMA named after A. V. Shchusev – State Scientific Research Museum of Architecture named after A. V. Shchusev

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