DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2022.9.38783

Abstract: The Russian North is part of its territory, where monuments of wooden architecture are preserved to this day. One of the districts of the North is Kargopolye, whose architectural traditions date back to the high carpentry culture of Ancient Novgorod. Local buildings are an example of traditional wooden construction, a treasure trove of knowledge about the customs, culture and history of the Russian people. In the wooden monuments of Kargopolya, not only the accumulated experience of Russian masters is visible, but also the very spirit of the splendor of northern wooden architecture. The subject of the study is the architectural and structural features and the traditional interior of the Tretyakov house–yard (currently part of the exposition of the Museum of Wooden Architecture "Small Korely") as an example of a peasant Kurnaya hut in Kargopol. The article is based on the materials of expeditionary research by A. B. Permilovskaya (1984, 2006) – settlements and monuments of folk architecture of the Kargopolsky district of the Arkhangelsk region with the implementation of photofixation and schematic measurements; analysis of archival documents, interviews with residents of the Kargopolsky district. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of new archival sources and field materials on the traditional culture of the Russian North. As a result, an analysis of the architectural and design features of chicken huts was carried out, the value of the furnace "in black" for Kargopol was revealed. M. A. Tretyakov's house-complex is of interest, because it contains a kind of "architectural code" for understanding the features of the construction of Kurnaya huts. The results of the study show that M. A. Tretyakov's house-yard is a monument of wooden architecture that has preserved the original design solutions, the layout of the premises. The Kurnaya hut has preserved the archaic device of the furnace "in black", the household items associated with it, as well as the original interior. Thanks to this, the modern exposition of the house reflects the real life of the Kargopol mid XIX century peasant life.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2021.11.36850

Abstract: The object of this research is the historical,-cultural and natural environment of historical settlements of the Russian North. The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling as a factor of formation and transformation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The goal lies in studying the peculiarities of formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the rural settlements Onezhskoye Pomorye based on the material of traditional dwelling. The research relies on the empirical data acquired in the course of expedition of the Scientific Center for Traditional Culture and Museum Practices of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Region (2018–2021);archival sources of A.V. Shchusev State Museum of Architecture (Moscow), experience of exploring the monuments of wooden architecture of the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). The data were obtained by photofixation of the architectural monuments, schematic measurements, and ethnographic survey conducted among local residents using the method of interview. The research employs the original methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural-ethnographic exploration of the sites of wooden architecture. Cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye (and the Russian North overall) primarily is the landscape of rural historical settlements. Northern settlements emerged in close connection with the natural landscape and transformed it into a cultural one. Special role in this process was played by the local population – the Pomors, who were guided by the principles of creating compact settlements, with closed type of dwelling to due to the harsh climate. The adaptive capabilities of traditional dwelling, reflected in its architectural design, allowed the people to survive in the severe conditions of the North. The dwelling is a reflection of natural space of the Russian North and the Arctic, passed through the “prism” of local mentality and carpenter's culture, coexistence of man and the surrounding natural environment, special marker of the North Russian identity, and intrinsic part of the North Russian cultural landscape.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2021.4.35018

Abstract: The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling in the natural and cultural space of the Russian North and the Arctic. The goal of this work is to examine the peculiarities of a peasant house in Purnema settlement as a factor of formation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The dwelling is examines not as an isolated structure, but an integral part of the North Russian cultural landscape, one of the key elements of the traditional culture of Pomorye— the Russian variant of marine culture in the Arctic. The research is based on empirical data acquired in the course of expedition in 2020 on the territory of Onezhskoye Pomorye, settlement of Purnema, Arkhangelsk Region. The article emplopys archival sources of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev (Moscow), wooden architecture sites in the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). Empirical data was obtained via photographic evidence of architectural sites, schematic measurements, and ethnographic questionnaire of local residents, using the method of interview. The research also leans on methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of the wooden architecture sites. The conclusion is made that the architectural-construct peculiarities of the dwelling and type settlement demonstrate the specific lifestyle of the Russian people in the harsh forest zone and their adjustment to the local climate. In the conditions of the North and the Arctic, a peasant house manifests as a stabilizing factor of adaptation, which ensures sustainable coexistence of population and cultural landscape formed therein; and thus, the effectiveness of ethnosocial and environmental development of the Northern and Arctic territories of the Russian Federation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2019.5.29339

Abstract: In the article, the study of traditional peasant dwelling (the subject of the study), as an object, forming a rural cultural landscape of Northern and Arctic territories, is conducted. The aim of the research is to study the architectural-constructive organization of North Russian yard house in the environmental and cultural space of Onezhskoye Pomorye. Pomor culture is a Russian variant of maritime culture of the Arctic. The cultural landscape of the Russian North is, primarily, a landscape of rural historical settlements. The house was one of the ways of environmental reclamation, due to its adaptive abilities, reflected in architectural-constructive and planning organization, human survival in the North and the Arctic became possible. Source of the research: empirical forwarding materials on the Primorsky and Onega districts of the Arkhangelsk region, 2018; archival sources of scientific and production center for the protection of monuments of history and culture (Arkhangelsk), the monuments of wooden architecture from the open-air museum "Small Karelians" (Arkhangelsk region). The article is based on the use of complex of methods: systemic, cultural-historical, art criticism, ethnocultural. Photo fixation of architecture monuments was conducted, schematic measurements were performed, an ethnographical survey of local people by the method of the interview was conducted. The research is based on the application of the author's methodology of Dr. A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural and ethnographic survey of objects of wooden architecture. As a result of the study, the new information on the architectural-constructive organization of Pomor house, its adaptation to the subarctic climate conditions, and its town-forming role in forming a cultural landscape of unique historical village Vorzogory was received. Results application field: scientific works, the formation of expositions of museums in the open-air, the restoration of monuments of wooden architecture, modern rural housing.