DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2023.6.40868

Abstract: Social philosophy is a rather young discipline considering philosophy, its methodology and problems often address the extremely general features of social life, the development of society and its structuring models, but individualistic approaches that have noticeably developed in the XIX-XX centuries significantly expanded the range of socio-philosophical categories' application. One of the most outstanding between such methodological approaches is associated with the psychoanalytic tradition and the name of Jacques Lacan. He was able to compile various spheres of social life - from linguistics and mythology to sociology, ethics and maths - considering his theory of the subject and its existence in the vital conditions of social life, which is also the subject of this article. Qualitative analysis of primary empirical data, including the translated seminars of Jacques Lacan, processing of secondary empirical data by foreign and domestic authors, analysis of various interdisciplinary points of view on the topic regarded were used as research methods. This article examines the main concepts and original insights of Lacan's analytical discourse within the framework of the issue under study and also reveals the possibility of conceptual applicability of his theory to worldview issues in the context of psychic and social life. In the course of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the varied, somewhat chaotic view by Jacques Lacan actually allows to conduct a structured, pointwise and thorough criticism on the foundations of socio-ethical worldview peculiarities, and thus can appear to be interesting for philosophers, psychologists, sociologists , teachers, historians, culturologists.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2022.4.37907

Abstract: The question of life orientation, i.e. orientation towards creativity or destruction, life or death, has been considered in philosophy for a long time, but the social aspect of the issue has been developed relatively recently along with the development of psychology as a science, in particular, psychoanalysis and neo–Freudianism. This article is devoted to the study of the problem of life orientations on the example of Alfred Adler's individual psychology – a branch of deep psychology that has much in common with psychoanalytic knowledge, but differs in recognizing the holism of the human psyche. Qualitative analysis of primary empirical data, processing of secondary empirical data, analysis of the evolution of views on the chosen topic were used as research methods. This article examines and analyzes the basic concepts of individual psychology within the framework of the issue under study, as well as the assessment of the conceptual applicability of the theory of Alfred Adler to the actual existential problems of modern man. In the course of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that individual psychology, despite the historically mediated features of the proposed methods and theses, can and should be applied in the context of considering the ontological issue of life orientation, combines social and psychological-philosophical approaches, is consistent in theoretical and experimental terms, although it is almost not used in the framework of modern philosophical and psychological scientific knowledge.