DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2023.4.40554

Abstract: Jade products that imitate ancient Chinese art samples are a special kind of objects that, in their form and decor, are close to or likened to more ancient works of arts and crafts. The article explores the artistic form and characteristic features of imitations of ancient jade products of the Qing era, presented in the collections of Russian museums and the Palace Museum of China. The object of the study are objects of Chinese art of jade carving, which are in the collection of the Palace Museum (Beijing), the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Art (Moscow), where the use of imitations of ancient objects was discovered. Artistic analysis of jade imitations allows us to conclude that the works of the Qing era were more complex and diverse in form, decor and carving techniques compared to Han products, while the craftsmen, although they managed to preserve the classical sophistication of objects, lost the severity and solemnity of Han jade. As well as the art history analysis of the works, one can see that the forms and decors of jade objects are the product of aesthetic consciousness. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the varieties and features of imitations of ancient jade during the Qing Dynasty are summarized, and the huohuan technique in jade processing is confirmed. This may be of interest to researchers in related scientific fields.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2022.4.37819

Abstract: This work is devoted to the study of the development and evolution of ancient Chinese jade art up to the 3rd century A.D. In ancient Chinese society, jade served not just as a decorative element, it performed the function of personal identification and communication. This study analyzes the origin and technical characteristics of jade art, as well as the artistic characteristics of different themes in different periods (From a technical point of view, the most popular in the manufacturing of jade products was the deep engraving of yinke, used to create decorative elements of products, carving or relief), the development of jade art is evidence of the historical development of China, it is closely related to it is connected with the theocratic political regime of the ancient state. The main conclusion of this study is that the author confirmed that the Chinese jade culture has a profound influence on the artistic style of jade, analyzing the characteristics of jade in different periods, and ideology is one of the important factors influencing the development of jade. The novelty of the research lies in the article that the author emphasizes the culture of "funerary jade" in the development of Chinese jade art, and "funerary art" in Chinese jade culture. At the same time, author emphasizes the importance attached to "people", which may be of interest to specialists engaged in the relevant research areas.