DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2022.6.39173

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to characterize the development of traditional forms of Yakut farming – cattle breeding and horse breeding in the Kolyma region of Yakutia against the background of socio-political transformations in the first third of the twentieth century. It is noted that the geographical isolation of the region from the rest of Yakutia has led to its autonomous development and conservation of the local economic model of life activity focused primarily on transport animal husbandry, including horse breeding. It is revealed that in the twentieth century, priorities began to shift towards the development of cattle breeding and the transition from horse breeding as the main type of economic activity. The use of historical-comparative, historical-system and statistical methods became the methodological basis of the publication, which allowed analyzing socio-economic processes in the north-east of Yakutia. An important result of the study was the assumption that it was the movement of the rural population fleeing from the war from the central regions of Yakutia, where cattle breeding had long prevailed over horse breeding, to the quieter and previously inhabited north-eastern regions, that became the main reason for changes in the economic structure of the Kolyma district in the 1920s. As a result, the number of farms and the number of cattle has increased significantly, affecting the way of life and the structure of the local economy by expanding the area of northern cattle breeding in the Arctic region. Thus, the first third of the twentieth century in the Kolyma district became a time of impulsive transformations of the traditional way of life of the local population caused by the political and socio-economic crisis that followed the 1917 revolution.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38440

Abstract: The purpose of this publication is to highlight the urbanization processes of Yakutia in the 1960s through the prism of the ethnosocial development of the indigenous peoples of the North. The article examines the main factors that influenced the formation of the migration landscape of the studied region, re-introduced into scientific circulation the data of sociological studies conducted in the 1970s by the staff of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the SB Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and gives a modern interpretation of the trends that occurred at that time. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analysis of archival data, periodicals, and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-system, problem-chronological and statistical methods also allowed the most complete analysis of the processes studied. Based on the collected materials, the content of the urbanization processes that took place among the small peoples of the North in the 1960s was revealed for the first time and it was revealed that at that time their manifestation was expressed in the penetration of elements of urban life, including infrastructural and social innovations into the daily life of rural communities, and not in their migration activity and moving to larger settlements. It is indicated that these trends were the result of the state policy on the consolidation of collective farms, which caused a change in the general settlement structure in the republic and the active industrial development of the region, which caused a powerful influx of immigrants from other regions accompanied by an increase in the number of urban settlements. Thanks: the work was carried out using scientific equipment of the CCP FITC YANC SB RAS No. 13 CCP.21. 16