DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43805

Abstract: The research subject in this article is the international and national practice of regulation and implementation of activities in the field of tourism in the Central Ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. Based on the materials from the authorities as part of the analysis of the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of the "Lake Baikal" World Heritage site, conclusions are formulated about the possibility of deterioration of its ecological state and the emergence of social tension in the event of an increase in the number of tourists on its shores. The content of guidelines on the organization of tourism at UNESCO World Heritage sites is disclosed, and the most successful international practices of tourism management are correlated with the implementation of regional programs for the development and organization of sustainable tourism. The conclusion is formulated about the importance of collecting information about the tourist infrastructure and statistical data. The program documents defining the policy in the field of tourism in the Central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory are analyzed, and the conclusion is made that there is no unified strategy for the development of Baikal as a World Heritage site. The factor of significant influence and participation of the local population in the implementation of tourist activities is noted, and the need for the involvement of the local population in the planning of tourist activities is indicated. The main content of the Global Initiative to Reduce Plastic Consumption in Tourism and recommendations for improving procurement activities in the tourism sector are revealed. The problem of compliance with moral and ethical requirements by stakeholders in tourism is noted as an underestimated problem. The study resulted in recommendations both on the modernization of the existing domestic regulatory framework and the development of new documents in the field of sustainable tourism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2022.9.38735

Abstract: The research subject in this article is the international and national practice of regulation and implementation of activities in the field of tourism in the Central Ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. Based on the materials from the authorities as part of the analysis of the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of the "Lake Baikal" World Heritage site, conclusions are formulated about the possibility of deterioration of its ecological state and the emergence of social tension in the event of an increase in the number of tourists on its shores. The content of guidelines on the organization of tourism at UNESCO World Heritage sites is disclosed, and the most successful international practices of tourism management are correlated with the implementation of regional programs for the development and organization of sustainable tourism. The conclusion is formulated about the importance of collecting information about the tourist infrastructure and statistical data. The program documents defining the policy in the field of tourism in the Central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory are analyzed, and the conclusion is made that there is no unified strategy for the development of Baikal as a World Heritage site. The factor of significant influence and participation of the local population in the implementation of tourist activities is noted, and the need for the involvement of the local population in the planning of tourist activities is indicated. The main content of the Global Initiative to Reduce Plastic Consumption in Tourism and recommendations for improving procurement activities in the tourism sector are revealed. The problem of compliance with moral and ethical requirements by stakeholders in tourism is noted as an underestimated problem. The study resulted in recommendations both on the modernization of the existing domestic regulatory framework and the development of new documents in the field of sustainable tourism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0633.2022.3.38525

Abstract: A comparative analysis of the organizational and legal foundations of the protection of World Natural Heritage sites in Canada and the Russian Federation (on the example of Lake Baikal) is presented. The legal positions of the World Heritage Committee on the implementation of international obligations for the preservation of World Natural Heritage sites are analyzed. The problem of formal definiteness of the boundaries of World Heritage sites and awareness of them by the public and government bodies is highlighted. The question of the expediency of excluding the territories of settlements from the World Heritage sites is being investigated. The approaches of the World Heritage Committee to the implementation of extractive industry and hydropower projects both within the boundaries of World Heritage sites and in adjacent territories are considered. As a way of implementing the international legal regime for the protection of unique natural objects, the regime of the buffer zone of the World Heritage site receives a positive assessment, however, there is a lack of elaboration of this concept. Proposals are formulated on possible measures of an intra-national nature aimed at solving issues of protection of territories bordering on World Heritage sites (transfer to the federal level of the decision on the creation of protected areas in order to fulfill international obligations; formation of a protected zone of the World Heritage site). The importance of environmental assessment as a standard of international legal protection of unique natural objects and the need for its more detailed regulation in national legislation are stated. Attention is focused on the position of the World Heritage Committee on the issue of taking into account the views of the local population and indigenous peoples in the management and protection of World Natural Heritage sites.

DOI: 10.25136/2644-5514.2022.2.37995

Abstract: The subject of the research in the framework of this article is the practice of Bulgaria's fulfillment of international obligations to protect such natural heritage sites as the Pirin National Park and the Srebyrna Nature Reserve. The features of the development of the ecological state of the specially protected natural territories under study are considered, the problems of their legal protection are identified, and the main measures that have allowed preventing the degradation of unique natural complexes, in particular, the application of the management plan for specially protected territories in the Republic of Bulgaria, are analyzed. The issues concerning the boundaries of the World Heritage sites under consideration and the procedure for their determination are investigated, the possibility of extending the buffer zone regime to the territories excluded from the World Heritage site Lake Baikal is assessed. The analysis of the experience of cooperation between the authorities of the Republic of Bulgaria and the World Heritage protection system in relation to the Pirin National Park and the Srebyrna Nature Reserve allows us to recognize the effectiveness of interaction between national and international means of nature protection. Using the comparative legal method of research, it is concluded that the positive experience of Bulgaria can be applied in solving the problems of protecting the World Heritage site Lake Baikal, including the establishment of a requirement at the level of law to prepare management plans. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors formulated recommendations for improving the domestic regulatory framework in the field of protection of World Heritage sites.