DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37925

Abstract: The subject of the study is the circumstances of time with the prepositions 'before', 'with', 'after', 'in', 'on', 'for' in Russian, as well as their equivalents in Chinese in terms of their meaning and functioning. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the minor members of the sentence in the circumstances of time with a preposition in Russian and Chinese languages in order to identify similarities and differences between them in semantics and functioning. To achieve this goal, the use of the following methods was required: descriptive method, continuous sampling method, comparative method, example confirmation method. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comparative description of the specifics of the use and translation of the circumstances of time with a preposition in Russian and Chinese on the basis of numerous examples taken from the National Corpus of the Russian language and the Corpus of Modern Chinese language. The conducted research of theoretical positions and linguistic material allows us to conclude that the correct expression and translation of circumstantial meanings with prepositions in the Russian language and the corresponding lexical units of the Chinese language (despite some similarity in their semantics) is possible only with the context and knowledge of the rules of word combinations.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2021.7.36030

Abstract: This article presents a comparative research of adverbs with the meaning of time in the Russian and Chinese languages. Analysis is conducted on the adverb of time in the Russian languages; characteristic is given to macro- and micro-aspects. Macro-description is an attempt to determine and classify the adverbs of time. Micro-aspect, first and foremost, implies semantic analysis of a specific adverb of time. The subject of this research is the adverb of time ‘always’ in the Russian language in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese language. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of semantic characteristics and variables that depend on the semantics of grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of the adverb of time frequency “always” in the Russian as compared to the Chinese language. The scientific novelty lies in description of the macro- and micro- aspects, identification of semantic and compatible characteristics of the adverb of time frequency ‘always ' in the Russian languahe in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese — 总是 [zong shi]. The acquired results indicate that the use of the adverb ‘always’ with the meaning of continuity or frequency requires fulfilling certain conditions. This article can be valuable in further research on the topic, in theory and practice of translation, as well as in teaching Russian as a foreign language to the Chinese students.