DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.7.36051

Abstract: The subject of the study is the reflection of the activities of the Indian National Congress and the national movement in India in the works of A. E. Snesarev, a Russian and Soviet military commander and orientalist. The article examines the history of the study of the Indian national movement in Russia by A. E. Snesarev's predecessors in this field - I. P. Minaev and E. Lamansky (1870-1890s). The reasons for A. E. Snesarev's appeal to the development of socio-political and economic thought of British India are analyzed. Special attention is paid in the article to the work "India as the main factor in the Central Asian issue" and the analysis of the attitude of Indian society to British rule carried out in it. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were made: the national movement in India and the activities of the Indian National Congress were not the main subject of research by Russian orientalists in the pre-revolutionary period, however, interest in the development of socio-political thought in British India and the problems of the relationship of Indian society with the British colonial authorities intensified as the confrontation between the Russian and British empires in Central Asia intensified. Asia during the "Big Game", an example of which was the work of A. E. Snesarev, who, despite the limited range of available sources, was one of the first in Russian historiography to turn to the study of Indian nationalism.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.37273

Abstract: The subject of this article is the Anglo-Indian community - a stratum of the population of British India consisting of Englishmen born in India or permanently residing in it. In the early 1880s, the community faced a new factor in political life - the rapid development of Indian nationalism, and the community's reaction to new trends was reflected in the political satire of the period under study - in particular, in Thomas Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1983" The pamphlet describes a hypothetical society of India of the future, which was freed from British rule, but proved incapable of independent existence.   As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that in the early 1880s the Anglo-Indian community was a closed, isolated stratum of the population, which negatively reacted to the demands of the Indian intelligentsia to expand the rights of the indigenous population in the governance of the country. Criticism of the demands of the nascent national movement found expression in political satire, one example of which was T. Hart-Davis's pamphlet "India in 1893", which reflected the ideas of the Anglo-Indian community about the immaturity and groundlessness of the political demands of the figures of the Indian National Congress and the national movement as a whole.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2022.4.36815

Abstract: The subject of the study is the Anglo-Indian community of the 1880s and the reflection of its characteristic features in the works of Rudyard Kipling in the mid-1880s - early 1890s - newspaper essays, poems, short stories. Such features of the Anglo-Indian community as isolation, its isolation from the indigenous population of India, hostility towards travelers who judge the state of the country based on short-term visits, not understanding the unique climatic, political, and social conditions of India are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the attitude of the Anglo-Indian community to the emerging national movement demanding the expansion of the rights of Indians in the governance of the country.   As a result of the study , the following conclusions were made: 1) the image of a traveler who describes India, but does not have knowledge about it and understanding of its conditions, often found in the early works of R. Kipling ("Paget, C. P.", "Anglo-Indian Society", "The Enlightenment of Padgett, a member of Parliament"), was characteristic of the Anglo-Indian literature of the period under study (in in particular, for the work of J. Abery-Mackay) and reflected the views widely spread in the Anglo-Indian environment; 2) the changing conditions of Indian life, such as the emergence and development of the national movement, are becoming a new plot in Anglo-Indian literature and Kipling's work, showing the negative attitude of the community to the strengthening of the political activity of the indigenous population India.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.2.35137

Abstract: The subject of this article is the memoirs of the British Methodist missionary Henry Lunn about his stay in India and the activities of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1887-1888. On the basis of G. Lanna's letters from the Madras presidency, his memoirs and newspaper publications, the ideas of a metropolitan resident about the socio-political life of India and the participation of the Christian community in it, the role and place of the INC in the national movement, the weaknesses and advantages of ideas and demands, the formation of oppositional INC currents are revealed. The composition and features of the social development of the Christian population of South India are considered. В  The main conclusion of the study is that the British rule in India entailed significant changes in the spiritual sphere of Indian society, which resulted in an increase in the Christian population in the country and a wide spread of missionary activity. The Christian community, relatively small in comparison with others, was socially active, its representatives played a significant role in the formation of the INC and its activities in the early years of its existence. This was reflected in the memoirs of G. Lannes, who considered the emergence of the INC as a consequence of the progress brought to India by British rule and defended the idea of the need for the INC to cooperate with the colonial administration.