DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33788

Abstract: The subject of this article is the idea of accepting suffering, presented in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky, and its connection with the theme of unorthodox religious movements and the myth of the earth. The object of the research is the works of F. M. Dostoevsky ("Notes from the Dead House", "Crime and Punishment", "Demons", "Brothers Karamazov") and preparatory materials for them, as well as articles of periodicals devoted to Old Believers and sectarianism ("Svyatorusskie dvoevery" V. I. Kelsiev, "Secret Sects" and "White Doves" by P. I. Melnikov, "Zemstvo and Schism. Runners", "Mental directions of the Russian schism" by A. P. Shchapov). The purpose of this work is to identify the connection between the idea of accepting suffering in Dostoevsky's work with the theme of schism and the myth of the earth. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it analyzes for the first time the mechanisms of mythologization of the category of the earth and the image of the Russian people in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky, associated with the idea of accepting suffering coming from the schism. A special contribution of the author is to identify the correlation of some of the motives and images of the novel "Demons" with sectarianism. Conclusions: The motive of voluntary acceptance of suffering associated with the religious context, namely, with the idea of accepting torment for faith, characteristic of Old Believers, appears already in "Notes from the Dead House" and "Crime and Punishment". Starting from the first novel of the Great Pentateuch, this motif, coupled with the mythologeme of the earth, which is special for Dostoevsky's work, is realized in the context of the idea of the universal guilt of people before the earth and before each other and the need to atone for this guilt through suffering. The idea of suffering, necessary for the salvation of the soul and the acquisition of lost faith, is also closely connected with the ideology of pochvennichestvo, as it is conveyed to atheists who are torn from the soil by representatives of the common people.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2020.5.32888

Abstract: The subject of this research is the concept of schism of A. P. Shchapov, as well historiosophical constructs of F. M. Dostoevsky that revolve around comprehension of the problem of schism and its role in the historical process. The goal of this article lies in determination of the impact of democratic concept of schism presented in the works of A. P. Shchapov “Russian Schism of Old Believers”, “The Land and the Schism”, “Land and Schism. The Runners” upon the formation of historiosophical views of Dostoyevsky and peculiarities of his understanding of the phenomenon of schism. The use of systemic approach allows examining the phenomenon of schism as a central element of historiosophy of Dostoevsky in relation to socioeconomic concept of Shchapov, which laid the foundation for the populist trend in historiography of the schism and associated with the history of development of democratic thought in Russia. The scientific novelty is defined by comprehensive approach towards description of the topic of schism as a core element of Dostoevsky’s historiosophy that considers its dependence on the historical and sociopolitical factors. It is underlined that writer’s perception of schism as a protest movement and people’s discontent as a driving force of the history was formed under the influence of Shchapov’s concept on the political nature of schism, which sparked public outcry. Leaning on the democratic concept of history and overcoming the limitation of building a liberal camp, Dostoevsky creates an original model of Russia’s development based on reunification of high society with the people. In the center of this concept is the understanding of schism as a progressive phenomenon that reflects the awakening of public consciousness and cognitive activity, which retained communal structure that according to Dostoevsky is capable of becoming a foundation for a new form of public order.