DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2022.4.37794

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to substantiate the main theoretical and methodological provisions of museology as a humanitarian science. Its basic concepts are formulated from idealistic positions, its methodology is defined. As an object, the ideas of a person who creates a museum reality to achieve influence on the consciousness of other people are considered. The idea of a particular museum, realized in objective reality, is defined as the subject. The subject of museology is also the process of realization of ideas – the functioning of museum reality and the process of its perception by visitors. The purpose of the museum is to make certain changes in the consciousness and attitude of another person – a visitor. The methodology of museology as a humanitarian science is based on the method of understanding, which provides comprehension of the ideas underlying the museum. Methods play a special role: communicative and construction. The goals of the museum determine its functions, the most important is the communicative one, it is she who realizes the main goal of the museum – to convey ideas and feelings from the museum employee to the visitor. The ways to achieve the goal may change with changing attitudes in society, while the museums themselves and their functions change. The main factor determining the role and social significance of museums is a person's interest in them, which manifests itself when the ideas embedded in their foundation correspond to the main ideological ideas prevailing in society and help people solve their vital problems. A museum should be relevant only when it plays an important role in the life of society. The next stage in the development of museology as a humanitarian science is its approbation in the course of solving scientific and practical tasks facing a museum employee.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2018.4.24924

Abstract: Historical time is one of the varieties of time used by the historians for creating an image of the past. Its peculiarities are defined by the object history – the past, as well as the theoretical specificities of structuring an image of the past into a certain worldview era. Time, same as space, serves for the allocation of events in historian’s mind. Historical time, subjectively, forms for arranging the historical transformations on human consciousness and build an image of the past. In idealistic approach, time is a characteristic of consciousness, rather than an external world, and is meant for arranging the chaos of the objective and subjective reality in human mind. A historian needs historical time for creating a single, noncontradictory and convincing image of the past, where each event is assigned to its unique place. Historical time depends on the key worldview ideas of the era, which is a creation period for one or another historian. Historical time can be of various length in the context of formal equality of the time intervals. The category of time is closely related with the concept of era and period, which are known for their characteristic formed mostly by the dominant in the society ideas.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2017.10.24068

Abstract: The subject of the study is the historical past, which, depending on the historian's ideological position, is either absent or appears as an objectively existing reality.The work is based on the principles of historicism and reliability, a whole set of methods is the methodological basis, among which it is necessary to highlight study and generalization, deduction and induction, abstraction, understanding, etc.From the positions of the idealistic approach, which the author adheres to, there is no real past. The past is a subjective image of a reality that it could be without those changes that took place with it later.The past is the fundamental concept of human thinking, which regulates the chaos of the real world in consciousness, in accordance with the main ideological ideas of the historian. An ideology determines not only a theoretical approach to explaining historical facts, but also actively participates in the process of creating the facts themselves. The idea always precedes the facts and participates in their creation.The scientific novelty of the research is the author's approach: the past is viewed from the point of view of the idealistic approach, according to which the historian does not so much study how much the past creates, relying on certain methods and his own worldview.The main conclusion of the article is that history influences a person to the extent that he allows to do this, and since modern man shares belief in virtue of the power of the past, history is actively considered as a way of controlling people, manipulating their actions.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.5.24058

Abstract: The subject of this article is the idealistic approach to history, that is, the theory and methodology of constructing an image of the past as part of the overall worldview of the world. In this article, the idealistic approach to history is considered in a comprehensive way: the history of this phenomenon is analyzed, the past is examined as part of the picture of the world, the subject and the features of the idealistic approach are shown. From the idealistic point of view, the past has no objective meaning since it is a product of the creativity of the human consciousness, but, as part of the picture of the modern world of man, it can exert a colossal influence on his perception of reality and on his actions. The research's work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. These traditional approaches are supplemented by new methods, which were developed in recent decades on the basis of the principles of human cognition. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the formulation of the topic itself. The author offers his own vision of the idealistic approach, based on the understanding of history as an image of the past created by scholars, derived from their worldview and founded on the facts they consider relevant to the past, according to certain principles. In this respect, the idealistic approach consists of looking at the past from the standpoint of man-creator. History is presented as an open project, which does not have a precise goal lying beyond the human consciousness. History goal-setting is set by the human mind, proceeding from the prevailing worldview of the time. With a change in worldview, the goal of historical development and the trajectory of the movement towards the set goal are changed. Recognizing the temporality of modern history, the idealistic approach considers legitimate only the comprehension of relative historical truths within the framework of specific worldviews and conceptual systems. The main conclusion of the article is that the idealistic approach to history was created within the framework of the European Enlightenment tradition, which through that placed man and his consciousness at the center of history, was a new way of creating the past.