Abstract: The authors of the article emphasize the need in role-playing games as efficient means of conflict prevention for primary school children. The authors provide the results of their empirical research when they used role-playing games as the means of teaching efficient conflict patterns to primary school students. The research was conducted at Romanovskaya School of Moscow and involved, on the one hand, primary school teachers (8 individuals), women of 35 - 55 years old; and on the other hand, primary school students (74 children) of 7 - 10 years old. The research methodology included the following concepts: psychoanalytical theory of conflict (Sigmund Freud, Adler, etc.), psychoanalytical theory of play (Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, Melanie Klein, etc.), cognitive theory (Jean Piaget and his followers), and culture-historical concept of play. The research methods used by the authors include: interview of teachers, diagnostics of the conflict intensity of school students based on the 'Nonexistent Animal' drawing test (offered by M. Dukarevich) and 'Pictures' (offered by E. Smirnova and V. Kholmogorova). The research hypothesis is that role-playing games may serve as the means of conflict prevention and aggression reduction of primary school students provided that the following conditions are met: 1) it is necessary to prepare a complex program of play activities aimed at elimination of conflict behavior; 2. games will be held regularly; 3. the games should be chosen based on their psychological contents, all of them should be aimed at the reduction of the aggression level, development of the emphathy and cooperation and extension of a child's behavioral repertoire.