DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2017.6.24572

Abstract: The subject of this research is the regional concept of Simon Bolivar, known in scientific and journalistic literature as the "Bolivar's dream". This concept originated at the beginning of the 19th century and proclaimed the idea of the independent development of the countries of Latin America and Caribbean basin that was supposed to be implemented through the creation of a single regional confederation. The article pays particular attention to the substantive aspects of "Bolivar's dream", as well as to the debated issues regarding the set of countries that Bolivar included in his concept. The chronological frame of this work covers the period from 1811 to 1830. The research is constructed on the examination of the historical base that reflects the regional concept of Simon Bolivar. As the directing methodology, the author uses the theory of comparative regionalism. The study allows to understand the content and evolution of the concept, as well as the issue of the different interpretations of "Bolivar's dream" that appear as a result of the fragmented nature of how this topic has been studied. The conducted analysis has allowed to identify a series of key provisions. "Bolivar's dream" was finalized completely in 1815; in this period the virtual confederation included the biggest set of countries that almost completely encompassed all colonial possession in the New World. In the middle of the 1820s, in the attempt to practically implement his regional concept, Bolivar, realizing the difficulty in converging together all the states of the region, sought to limit the number of members in the confederation, every year reducing it more and more. In connection with this, Bolivar encountered opposition among the political elite of the region, in the first place, the vice-president of Gran Colombia Francisco Santander. The author spells out the reasons that prevented  "Bolivar's dream" of being embodied into life.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0641.2017.4.24866

Abstract: The article explores the process of formation and evolution of the nuclear non-proliferation regime in Latin America and the Caribbean region. The key subject is the Tlatelolco Treaty on the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone and the evolution of positions of the countries of the region towards it. The author analyses the challenges faced by the regime during the formation period, studies the positions of countries unwilling to sign or ratify the treaty, and considers new challenges and threats to the nuclear non-proliferation regime that the region faces today. The methodology of the study is based on the historical approach and the theory of regimes. The Cambridge textbook on Theories of International Regimes which accumulates all most significant studies in this field is used as a methodological tool. The scientific novelty of the study lies in combination of history of the nuclear non-proliferation regime formation in Latin America and the Caribbean region and the contemporary challenges analysis. The following conclusions were made as a result of the study - Today the regime has no opposition at the regional level and the threats that were particularly important at the time of the regime formation no longer stand on the agenda.  - The region is one of the leaders of the movement against the proliferation of military nuclear technologies. - Latin America and the Caribbean region face new challenges typical of the international non-proliferation regime, the most critical of which are cybercrime and natural disasters.