DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2023.4.68753

Abstract: The author considers in detail the main approaches to the definition of ethnic enclave and enclavization. Taking into account the degree of elaboration of this problem due to the peculiarities of historical development, special attention is focused on the approaches reflected in foreign English-language publications on the economy of the enclave and social modeling. The author also addresses the problem of the formation of ethnic enclaves in the Russian Federation, acting as an obvious threat to public security. The methodological basis of the research is presented by the general dialectical method of scientific cognition. The prospects of enclavization are illustrated by official statistical data on the number of people registered for migration and who have received citizenship. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the main features of an ethnic (polyethnic) enclave are the presence of a special economic structure and socio-cultural environment that exclude the processes of assimilation into society. In order to identify the enclave, it is advisable to use sociological methods (questionnaires, surveys of the local population) and a survey of the territory. Considering that migration processes are related to the determinants of crime, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of ethnic enclaves in a criminal aspect. Moreover, with the growth of external migration, the prospects of enclavization seem quite real. The negative consequences of enclavization are the growth of social exclusion, tension, an increase in crime, including migration and organized ethnic crime.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2023.2.41007

Abstract: The author analyzes the current state of extremist and terrorist crime, as well as the main trends in the commission of individual crimes in 2022 and 2023. The choice of this time period is due to the increased threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the indicators of crimes provided for in Articles 205, 205.2, 281, 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the evaluation of statistical data, information about the current criminogenic situation was obtained. There was a slowdown in the growth rate of the number of public calls for extremist activity (Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and the facts of incitement to hatred or enmity (Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The intensification of terrorist and sabotage activities is stated. The materials of separate foreign studies concerning destructive activity in the information sphere are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the need to consider extremist and terrorist activities in the context of information warfare and the use of information weapons. With this in mind, it is proposed to take a number of measures in the field of information security. As a measure to counteract new threats to national security, the urgent need to systematize and publish information that became known during the investigation of criminal cases initiated on the facts of the genocide of the Russian-speaking population in the period from 2014 and the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War is called. It is proposed to consider the issue of securing in Russian legislation the powers of the Security Council of the Russian Federation to declare a State carrying out terrorist activities as a sponsor of terrorism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2020.2.32651

Abstract: This article examines the correlation of processes pertaining to the spread of the Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), as well as various elements of the of national security system. Analysis is conducted on the impact of the set of quarantine measures upon the increase in digitalization; use of personal data, prospects of correction of international approaches in the sphere of information security; development of legal instruments aimed at counteracting criminal use of information and telecommunication networks, including restriction of access to resources spreading banned information; expansion of the scale of cybercrime. The study of this topic is based on the general dialectic method of cognition of the phenomena, as well as systemic approach towards research of the social legal issues. The author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of present threats regarding the expansion of the capabilities of organized crime within the information sphere, the measures aimed at controlling the Internet by states and private companies is also expanding. Global contradictions in the information sphere stemming from the current crisis are likely to be resolved, particularly through negotiation of international documents.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2019.10.30008

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the circumstances that directly affected the change of character of criminological research during the early 1930’s. Special attention is paid to the substantial contradictions between the representatives of the People's Commissariat for Justice and People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (NKVD). The interministerial opposition also reflected in criticism of the work of the criminological establishments that were under the jurisdiction of NKVD. The paramount importance belonged to the dispute on studying criminal activity in USSR, organized in 1929 by the sector of state and law of the Communist Academy after publication of the article by S. Y. Bulatov “The Revival of Lombroso in the Soviet Criminology”. The conclusion is made that the changes that took place at the turn of the 1930’s in the field of studying criminal activity, were substantiated by a set of various circumstances, including rival for the leadership in the law enforcement system and dominance of different government agencies in the ideological sphere of society.