DOI: 10.25136/2409-8728.2018.8.24368

Abstract: The object of this research is the impact of phenomenological method upon modern education. The subject is the conceptual basis of Husserl’s teaching and possibilities of its implementation in education and upbringing: 1) subjectivity of phenomenology; 2) dialogueness of phenomenology; 3) sustainability of phenomenology; 4) principle of individuation in phenomenology. The author leans on the hypothesis that phenomenology of education cannot shift off the antinomies of modern education, such as massification/elitism, normativity/enthusiasm; routinization/ practical orientation. At the same time, despite all antinomies of the modern educational process, phenomenology can provide a student with understanding of life in the context of personal world, so that through cleansing the experience from overlaying of perceptions, he will be able to derive the most valuable for the future. The article attempts to reveal the phenomenology of education as a positive experience of self-individuation. The main axiological conclusions of phenomenology of education are the following: 1) individual genesis of a human that develops personal qualities, as well as forms the destiny through the sense of experience; 2) harmonization of the lifeworlds is possible through understanding of the strategy of description and hermeneutics of the Other; self-individualization shifts off the contradictions of the creative and formal, global and regional, humanitarian and technical; 4) procedures and practices of phenomenology of education is rooted in horizon of a lifeworld. The scientific novelty lies in application of the methodology of phenomenology (intentionality, lifeworld, reduction) to the realities of modern Russian education in form of the Unified State Exam, competent approach, academic standards, institutionality of education. The area of implementation of the results is the phenomenology of education, phenomenology of culture, and cross-cultural communication.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2017.7.23168

Abstract: The object of this research is the representation of the religious in modern descriptive philosophical models. The subject of the research is religion taken as a phenomenon and aisthesis. The author examined the evolution of the phenomenological-aesthetic construction of religion from the enthusiastic reception of R. Otto to the crisis of the intuitive-essentialist phenomenology of religion. Assuming that the resources of this paradigma are not yet exhausted, the researcher illuminates other branches such as the aesthetic phenomenological representation of religion associated with the Munich group of philosophers, the intentional phenomenology of religion that goes through Ingarden. Particular attention is paid to the integral function of phenomenology and aesthetics. The research was carried out mainly with the help of general scientific methods of the theoretical level: comparative, genetic, systemic, and structural types of analyzes. General scientific methods of the empirical level are represented by the account and frequency analysis. As general scientific methods, the author relied on analysis / synthesis, abstraction / concretization, and generalization / restriction. From the private scientific philosophical methods, hermeneutics was used. The toolkit of scientific research includes arrays of scientific knowledge such as rsl.ru, elibrary.ru, google.scholar.ru. The main findings of the study are: 1) the aesthetics and phenomenology of religion are presented as a methodology for transcending religious and cultural differences; 2) the emphasis of intentional phenomenology on the accuracy of the sociocultural description of religion instead of the incomprehensibility of religious entities facilitates the disclosure of beliefs as self-constituting life-worlds, while religion is a form of sociocultural identity and its ontological status entirely depends on the intentionality of participants in a particular social group, which makes religion similar to art; 3) despite the fact that most religions claim the exclusivity of their dogmas, an intentional analysis of the history of their origins allows us to confidently assert that the objects of their faith are rooted in the socio-historical context and are projective entities rooted in the aesthetic structure of consciousness. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the phenomenological-aesthetic constituting of the sociocultural network of being. The novelty of the research consists in conjugation of the individualized vital worlds of science and religion and the attempt of their totalizing theorization through a phenomenological-aesthetic paradigm. The scope of the application of these results includes media policy, intercultural communication, and art criticism.